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Estudo comportamental de beija-flores (Aves, Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em São Carlos, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-17) Pimenta, Victor Ribeiro Alvares; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719470086206847
Hummingbirds have a strong relationship with plants. They are animals specialized in the consumption of floral nectar and play an important role in the pollination of neotropical plants. The spatial and temporal availability of flowers directly influence the foraging strategies exhibited by hummingbirds which must constantly seek out and consume in order to satisfy their metabolic needs. The body mass / weight ratio and the hovering flight style results in high metabolic rates, which make these animals good basic models for behavioral and energy studies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the assemblage of hummingbirds and their floral resources within an altered Cerrado area at the Federal University of São Carlos and to analyze the territorial behavior of hummingbirds on a resource patch of Spathodea campanulata, a plant originated in Africa and widely used as ornament in urban centers. The Federal University of São Carlos, Campus São Carlos is divided into two large areas, one urban and other non-urban, which contains a natural Cerrado fragment, Eucalyptus plantation, gallery forests that holds two important streams to the region and a regenerating secondary savanna formation. Seven species were recorded using the resources of S. campanulata and 202 animal-plant interactions were registered during flowering period of this exotic plant, while in the non-urbanized region of the campus, 156 interactions were recorded between 10 hummingbirds and 11 plant species throughout 2018. On a larger scale, the urban environment may lead to a greater number of interactions between hummingbirds and plants, mainly due to the wide diversity and annual availability of exotic plants, but the altered natural environment still presents a greater richness of species of hummingbird, even with low frequencies of visits. Eupetomena macroura was found to be a territorialist species and dominant on the region. Searching the resources of S. campanulata, it remained in perches nearby the foraging site more frequently (58,3%) than it flew to other locations (38,8%). In the Cerrado area of the campus, the hummingbirds used more trap-lining strategy than territorialism. The only territorialist event occurred with E. macroura under Qualea multiflora resources, but it occurred for a short period of time. Four plants with ornitofilia syndrome were identified, but the highest frequencies of visits occurred in non-ornithophylous plants. The presence of non-ornithophylous plants in a biological system may attract more hummingbirds and indirectly influence the reproduction of ornithophylous plants. Thus, the urban environment can be a great escape area for hummingbirds as it provides abundant resources for this group. Hummingbirds can be a bridge between the natural and urban environment, we suggested integrated studies to better understand the dynamics across both communities and how generalist hummingbirds can contribute to the maintenance of the ornithophilous vegetation in natural areas.
Causas econômicas da sensação de (in)segurança: abordagem do macro e micro ambiente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-17) Zanetti, Pedro Henrique; Ferro, Andrea Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3432809140419477; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677969941993051
The feeling of (un) security as an object of study in the social sciences and psychology is a vast field for investigation of causes and consequences. In this work the investigation is conducted from the point of view of the Theory of Subjective Welfare and the Economic Theory of Crime. Crime causes direct effects (victimization, for example) and indirect effects (such as preventing victimization and feeling insecure). The indicators of economic development, work and occupation, education, past victimization occurrence and quality of life are widely approached and used in the developed models. In the first chapter there is an approach to the sense of security at the individual level, using a multinomial logit model. The conclusion of the study brings to light the determinants of the sense of security. In the second chapter there is an approach of the macro environment through the use of spatial econometrics. The sensation of security variables are aggregated for each Brazilian State and the state indicators of income, work and quality of life are used in order to analyze the spatial relationship between these variables.
Estudo da fluidodinâmica de um trocador de calor tipo leito fluidizado utilizado no processo de craqueamento catalítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-17) Pereira, Murilo Lucas; Pádua, Thiago Faggion de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8909812973749651; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0586464726019282
Petroleum and its derivatives are of prime importance in the development of modern human activities, as evidenced, for instance, by their strong participation in the world energy matrix. However, the non-renewable nature of this raw material makes it imperative to use techniques and processes that maximize the extraction of its useful products, with catalytic cracking being one of them. In this process, heavy hydrocarbon fractions contained in atmospheric residue oil are transformed by means of catalytic reactions in smaller compounds of greater value. One of the key parameters for the good performance of this process is the initial temperature of the catalyst, which is regulated by fluidized bed heat exchangers. That considered, in view of the intimate relationship between the hydrodynamic properties of a packed bed and its heat transfer, this work aimed to study through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) the fluid dynamics of an experimental apparatus developed by YAO et al. (2015a) used to measure the heat transfer coefficient between a fluidized bed and the wall of the exchanger tubes, so that characteristic parameters of the former can be readily provided and thus used in improving the equipment’s operation. To do so, a two-dimensional numerical mesh of the experimental unit was constructed using ICEM-CFD software and the experiment conditions replicated using ANSYS FLUENT v.14.5. By testing different surface gas velocities, it was possible to speculate the presence of an optimum point that would maximize the heat transfer of the equipment, increasing the solids fraction in contact with the exchanger tubes and reducing their residence time (greater solids movement). Finally, the results of the simulation were compared with the predictions of several correlations found in literature, in addition to relevant experimental data, which allowed the evaluation of fluidization characteristics of fine particles, such as their aggregation, forming the so-called clusters. The use of an effective diameter in the drag coefficient equation was proposed in order to represent more accurately these aggregates and a range between 300 and 350 μm was found as the one that fitted better the solids fraction experimental data.
Indagação Interdisciplinar no Pátio da Escola (IIPE): aproximações e distinções entre sua proposta e a educação popular freiriana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-17) Santos, Ana Claudia Toledo Prado dos; Oliveira, Haydée Torres de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705; Lopes, Luciano Elsinor; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6504793265492545; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8745220815401034
The Interdisciplinary Inquiry in the School's Yard (IIPE) is a didactic-pedagogical proposal that intends to regard environmental issues at a local environment, the schoolyard. By its means, educators and students elaborate questions (inquiry) about the natural, social, and cultural environment and answer them by observing (action) and reflecting (reflexion). These are the three steps of the methodology used, called the inquiry cycle. For this research, we reflect on its principles and practices in the light of freirian popular education. For this, we analyze three documents elaborated by IIPE proponents and the following books by Paulo Freire: Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Pedagogy of Hope, Pedagogy of Autonomy and Learning to Question. In the quest for approximations and differences between IIPE and freirian pedagogy we found many compatibilities and few distinctions. Both approaches value the people's personal experience and reflection (students and teachers) as the educational process par excellence, as well as propose an active posture towards the world. We also investigate the potentialities and limitations of IIPE in the current school situation. Our objectives, in two schools in the city of São Carlos, SP, were: to promote the formation of teachers in the didactic-pedagogical proposal of IIPE; to elaborate and experience IIPE activities with educators and students in the current school situation; to reflect on the experience of these activities from our role as educators; to reflect on the potential and limits of IIPE for education in general and for environmental education. From pedagogical interventions, through the training of teachers and the accomplishment of activities with students, this study was based on action research. The teachers who attended the training became co-authors of this part of the research, by reflecting on the lived experiences. Several factors enabled the development of IIPE activities in schools and this research. The most relevant ones were the solicitude and commitment of the educators and the adequacy of the IIPE activities to the school curriculum. However, we identified crucial obstacles: the lack of time for joint work among educators to develop interdisciplinary activities and the limitations arising from the organization of school time; the tiredness of educators; the choice of themes according to the sequence of contents of the curriculum; the unwillingness for activities on the part of students; the higher than ordinary effort of students and educators; and the students self-confidence. For the viability of IIPE, we propose some changes. For schools we suggest: maximum limit of 50% of the educators' working time for interaction with students; reduction of the working day; valorization of the educators; less students per classroom; flexibility in the division of time (class duration, topics and contents in the curriculum); and promotion of activities in which students participate actively. For IIPE activities, we propose simpler and shorter activities, gradually increasing its complexity, and implementing the proposal for continuing education in IIPE in partnerships between schools and universities.
Biologia reprodutiva, embriogênese gamética e somática em cultivares de amarílis (Hippeastrum sp. Herb.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-06-17) Almeida, Naiara Vallado de; Cardoso, Jean Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2913125069428141
The genus Hippeastrum sp. is popularly known as amaryllis and its production is intended for the market of potted flowers. With a wide variety of hybrids, its spread is made from bulbs. Nevertheless, there are major phytosanitary barriers to its production due to this type of propagation. Therefore, the objectives of the present work were: to characterize and evaluate the pollen viability of different cultivars of amaryllis; to obtain haploid and / or double-haploid embryos through gametic embryogenesis, aim at genetic improvement and developing an in vitro propagation protocol through somatic embryogenesis techniques. For the characterization, the length of the inflorescence, the number of flower buds per inflorescence, the floral opening diameter and the coloration were evaluated. The conservation of pollen viability was evaluated at different temperatures (-20, 8 and 25 ° C) for 245 days. In the gametic embryogenesis, anther culture techniques were used in five cultivars: 'Apple Blossom', 'Bull', 'Olaf', 'Super Star' and 'Cough'; in ovary culture, the cultivars were: 'Intokazie', 'Olaf', 'Orange Souvereign' and 'Super Star'. In the gynogenesisi in situ, different irradiation doses (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 Grays) were tested in the cultivars' Intokazie ',' Olaf ',' Orange Souvereign 'and'Pink Panther'. For the induction of somatic embryogenesis, petal segments of five cultivars of amaryllis and inoculated in MS ½ culture medium containing different combinations of 2,4-D and TDZ were used. The characterization of the cultivars showed difference between flowering and mainly in relation to coloration. The temperature of -20ºC was that the best kept the pollen viability of the cultivars. For both anther culture and ovary culture, there was no response of the material to the formation of callus or embryo. The obtained seedlings were evaluated by means of flow cytometry. It was found that irradiation doses at 40 and 80 Grays were the ones that presented better induction of haploidy. The 'Bin' cultivar presented the highest induction rates (48%) in the concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and 1,0 mg L-1 of TDZ. The other cultivars had the best rates of induction of somatic embryos in the concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-D and TDZ. For all experiments, the genotype was the most influential fact.