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Viabilidade da implementação em campo da atividade fotodinâmica da curcumina para o controle de larvas do Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-23) Souza, Larissa Marila de; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4920199290813124
The use of insecticides is indispensable for the control of vectors. Since the 1960s, organophosphates are applied against populations of Aedes aegypti. With the indiscriminate use of these substances during a long period of time, there was a strong pressure selection, favoring the appearance of resistant populations. In an attempt to circumvent this problem, vector control programs have opted for the rotation of compounds with different mechanisms of action. Since few products are available for Aedes aegypti control, the search for new molecules and methods is pivotal. Taking this into account, the use of substances with photodynamic activity is strongly encouraged, due to its multi-target mechanism of action. These molecules act through photodynamic action, generating highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light and molecular oxygen. In this study, we evaluated the photodynamic activity of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, found in turmeric Curcuma longa L. against Rockefeller strains (simulated field trials) and field populations of Aedes aegypti. The photolarvicidal action of curcumin was investigated in the presence of two sugars: sucrose and D-mannitol. The characterization of the molecular alterations involved in the activity of these compounds on Aedes aegypti was performed by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the acute toxicity of curcumin in sugars was verified using the microcrustacean Daphnia magna and the fish Danio rerio, as well as the generation of ROS in these organisms. The biological effects of curcumin on Aedes aegypti were characterized by oxidative stress biomarkers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT). This study also aimed to analyze and characterize the morphological changes caused by curcumin in the larval digestive tract by histological analysis. Additionally, microbiological water quality studies of curcumin-treated reservoirs with sucrose and D-mannitol were conducted to evaluate the impact of these formulations on the micro-environment. The results of this study showed the high photo-larvicidal potential of curcumin on Rockefeller strains in a simulated field. The LC50-24h values ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 mg.L-1, which are lower than other natural plant extracts. The analysis of the molecular mechanisms via Raman spectroscopy showed that curcumin in D-mannitol is highly permeable to the peritrophic membrane of the insect, causing irreversible damage to the simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tube. Both formulations of curcumin did not presented toxicity in D. magna and D. rerio up to 100 mg.L-1. ROS were generated in D. magna exposed to 50 mg.L-1 of curcumin in D-mannitol, and may be a consequence of detoxification processes or even the mechanism of action of these molecules. Regarding the biochemical response in Aedes aegypti, curcumin in D-mannitol did not alter CAT activity at any of the concentrations tested. On the other hand, GSH overproduction occurred at the lowest concentration (0.45 mg.L-1), indicating detoxification efforts due to possible ROS generation. In the histological analysis of the larvae submitted to curcumin in D-mannitol, we observed a great cellular disorganization in all the regions of the alimentary canal, that completely lost its characteristic of columnar epithelium. The curcumin in sucrose also caused serious damage to the midgut, however these changes were more punctual. Finally, studies on Rockefeller strains and field populations validated the efficacy of curcumin as a photo-larvicide against Aedes aegypti, evincing its high potential as an environmentally safe, economically feasible and rational alternative for the control of vector larvae.
Atenção Pré-Natal: percepções de adolescentes que pariram prematuramente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-07-23) Marques, Tatiane Montelatto; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900677052600832
Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy, given its repercussions on health and life, has been taken as a challenge to Public Health. One of the axes of attention is the reception of adolescents and their families in health practices. Therefore, this study turned to prenatal care under the question “How did the adolescent who gave birth prematurely perceived prenatal care received?” Objective: To analyze the perception of adolescents who gave birth prematurely about prenatal care received at public network, with attention to the nurse's place. Method: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection was developed, so that this study brought the results from the interview with 11 adolescent women, mothers of premature mothers. The open interview was used to produce the data from the initial placement: Tell me about your prenatal care and what he represented to you. All interviews were recorded in audio and underwent the analytical processes of Content Analysis (AC) and Symbolic Interactionism (IS) in the thematic modality in Bardin's proposition. Results: The results brought the perception of 11 adolescent women through four thematic categories: Discovery of pregnancy and early prenatal times, Insufficient attention in prenatal care, Dismissal of family members in childbirth and birth and Welcoming of family and friends, where (5) of them started prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy, (4) had 6 prenatal consultations and (2) started prenatal care late in the second trimester of pregnancy, which is not recommended by the Ministry of Health. and the Prenatal and Birth Humanization Program (PHPN) which may result in a lack of information such as the partner's right to follow up on prenatal consultations and the benefits of prenatal care. The analyzes revealed barriers to dialogue between adolescents and professionals during prenatal consultations, an essential factor for humanization and comprehensiveness. Conclusion: While discussions we can point out that prenatal care mainly, when this is the adolescent issue, there are gaps in the quality of care provided, both in reception, dialogue and rights due to lack of information. Further explorations that add to this study are necessary to densify evidence that composes the challenges of prenatal care for adolescents in the Brazilian context.