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Invasor (in)conveniente: o manejo de javali como política pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02) Guillardi, Bruno Luiz; Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3785840214023786
This master thesis aims to demonstrate the implementation of wild boar management as a State Public Policy, especially in the state of São Paulo. Thus, we seek to explain the possible causes of the introduction and spread of wild boars (Sus scrofa) within the Brazilian territory, as well as the reasons that caused their demographic growth, a fact that has caused several economic, environmental and social damages throughout the country. Faced with this scenario, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) eventually released the management, via slaughter, as a way to try to control its proliferation. However, given the lack of resources (human and financial) of the Brazilian State, it was up to individuals and companies to take over the management of wild boars, ie, while the State would be responsible for legislation and supervision, people who wanted, for some reason. For this reason, controlling wild boars could, with proper authorization, do so. Initially, in the state of São Paulo, the person responsible for releasing and overseeing management was the State Secretariat of the Environment (SMA) through its regionalized departments. Subsequently, this changed, with IBAMA being in charge of the registration and accountability of managers, while SMA along with the police agencies would be responsible for enforcement. However, the problem lies in the changes in management laws that are being changed too much - sometimes by the state government, sometimes by the federal government -, showing that the perspectives of action of those who build the management policy, the state organs, compared to those who carry out the control, the managers are not the same. Therefore, the problem of wild boar spread may persist or even worsen. Thus, in this paper, besides just trying to demonstrate the possible beginning of the introduction of wild boars in Brazil and the probable damages caused by their proliferation, we tried to contribute with some considerations and considerations, presenting different perspectives, often conflicting, of the State legislator/inspectors and control agents, in order to better clarify the management of wild boar as a Public Policy.
Cuidado em saúde mental infantojuvenil na atenção básica à saúde: práticas, desafios e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02) Fernandes, Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7901666626822625
In recent years, a growing global investment in health guidelines has been identified, so that all professionals, especially those working in the field of Primary Health Care (ABS), have been invited to intervene in suffering. Thus, a sustainable relationship between mental health and ABS actions has been fundamental for advancing health reform proposals and psychiatric reform in Brazil, although the few studies focused on this level of care show a number of weaknesses. To this end, the objectives of this research were to: - Identify the implications of child and adolescent mental health care developed in ABS and conceptions of child and adolescent mental health from the perspective of the managers of the Health Units team of seven municipalities in the State of São Paulo; and to understand in depth the reality of mental health in ABS in order to reveal the challenges, perspectives and potentials in this level of health care. Regarding the specific objectives, we sought to identify a) the practices of care in the field of child and adolescent mental health offered by the Health Units, b) with the network and intersectoral care has been proposed and developed, c) how the access has been given of children and adolescents in psychic suffering in ABS, and d) whether the Health Unit responds to public policies for children and adolescents and mental health. This is a quantitative qualitative study based on two studies. In the first study, two forms and a questionnaire were applied with 53 managers of ABS Health Units from seven municipalities in the State of São Paulo - Brazil. Study II, is an ethnography, developed in a periphery of evident vulnerability, in one of the Health Units involved in the first Study. In this Study II, the insertion of the researcher in the field involved the observation and participation in the activities carried out by the Health Unit, the mapping and recognition of the territory attached to the Unit, as well as the dialogue with technicians, users and other actors involved with childhood and adolescence. The results of study I pointed out that the conception of most ABS professionals about child and adolescent mental health is close to the precepts present in psychosocial care, however, this understanding is not related to the recognition of children and adolescents in psychic suffering, with the care actions proposed by the services, and also in practices that involve network and intersectoral care, which is based on the specialty and referrals. The results from Study II have shown that when there is some form of care, it occurs under the perspective of health problems, being predominantly biomedical and curative, and there are no actions that aim to reach children and adolescents in psychic suffering, even in the face of the obvious demand in a territory of extreme vulnerability, marked by drug trafficking, violence, exclusion and social inequality. It is also identified in the results of Study II that, in the absence or insufficiency of the State, drug trafficking is present in the mediation and management of the daily relations of the population, including their relationship with health equipment. Moreover, much of the specificity and field of child and adolescent mental health was being re-dimensioned during the course of ethnography, as well as the role of ABS, as a territorial equipment, fundamental in the process of deinstitutionalization, and was re-signified. Beyond the limits of the current reality, the extreme need for attention to this population and also the powers in the possibilities of expansion of care in the territory have been revealed, which reaffirms the fundamental role of ABS in child-minded mental health care.
Identificação taxonômica, potencial agrícola e biotecnológico de bactérias endofíticas e rizosféricas associadas a Paspalum atratum e P. notatum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02) Paula, Ailton Ferreira de; Fávero, Alessandra Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329892306148506; Lacava, Paulo Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5214484171327849
The genus Paspalum belongs to the family Poaceae and has several species native to Brazil. The Germplasm Bank of Paspalum of Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste has about 450 accessions of 50 species. Among the conserved accessions, two were chosen for this study: BGP 26 of P. notatum (potential as a lawn) and BGP 308 of P. atratum (potential as a forage ). To date, both endophytic and rhizospheric microbiological diversity for these two accessions were unknown, as well as the potential of these bacteria for promoting the plant growth (BPPG). The objective of this study was to evaluate the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial community of P. atratum and P. notatum, in order to (1) identify in vitro the potential of these microorganisms in the promotion of plant growth by biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), phosphate solubilization (FS), indol-acetic acid (IAA) production and antagonistic ability. (2) Select the best isolates for the in vivo plant growth promotion test in the BGP 308 accession, with different phosphate sources treatments and no add of nitrogen in the soil. As for the in vitro tests, the BNF was tested in a nitrogen-free semi-solid culture medium, the FS was tested in nutrient agar medium supplemented with insoluble phosphate and the IAA was tested in the medium 10% Tryptin + L-tryptophan. In the antagonism test, Bipolaris sp. spores were streaked onto Potato Dextrose Agar agar medium and the bacterial isolate was inoculated onto the stria. In the molecular identification the 16S gene was used and the sequences were compared in the Classifier software. Eight isolates with potential for BNF, FS and IAA were in vivo evaluated in BGP 308. The soil was prepared with three sources of phosphate plus phosphate control without phosphate. The plants had the morphological descriptors measured and the dry matter was submitted to the near infrared spectrometer (NIRS) for chemical determination of each treatment. Analysis of variance, t-Test and Principal Component Analysis were generated in the Statistical Analysis System software. Two hundred and thirteen bacterial isolates (97 BGP 26 and 118 BGP 308) were purified. The total of 54 isolates presented potential for BFN, FS and IAA. These isolates were submitted to molecular identification and the antagonism test. Seven bacterial genera were found: Bacillus, Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium. The isolates 50 (Pseudomonas spp.) and 53 (Bacillus spp.) presented antagonistic activity against Bipolaris sp.. In the in vivo test the results showed BPPG, the most promising isolates were 103 (Enterobacter spp.), 110 (Enterobacter spp.) and 458 (Pseudomonas spp.). With this work, it was possible to know the bacterial community for the two accessions in question and to obtain new isolates with potential for Plant growth-promoting.
Habituação das respostas cardiovasculares ao estresse de restrição em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02) Benini, Ricardo; Crestani, Carlos Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3972492902132382
Habituation refers to any decrease in physiological and behavioral responsiveness to a repeated stimulus, while sensitization is a hyperresponsiveness trigger by the same stimulus or other stimuli. Although the habituation of neuroendocrine responses to stress is well described in the literature, a progressive reduction of cardiovascular responses during repeated exposure to the same aversive stimulus is still controversial. Therefore, in the present study we have tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular responses habituate during repeated exposure to restraint stress in rats, and this effect is influenced by the length, frequency and number of aversive sessions; exposure to other stressors and physical training; as well as the sex, age and lineage of the animals. The habituation of corticosterone response to repeated restraint stress was also evaluated. We observed that serum corticosterone increase was decreased during stress and the recovery period of the 10th restraint session when compared to the response during an acute session. Regarding cardiovascular responses, a faster heart rate (HR) return was observed at baseline during the post-stress period of the 10th 60-min restraint stress session in male and female adult Wistar rats, in elderly Wistar rats, and in Holztman adult rats. Daily 120-minute sessions decreased blood pressure and HR values during the recovery of the 10th session in adult Wistar rats. Adolescent Wistar rats presented a reduction in HR response during the 10th restraint session. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Long-Evans did not show any sign of habituation of cardiovascular responses to restraint stress. Regarding the frequency, tachycardia during the 10th session was increased in adult Wistar rats submitted to 60 minutes of restraint presented on alternate days, and decreased in rats submitted to the protocol of 5 daily sessions followed by 2 days of rest. Exposure to other chronic stressors including chronic varied stress and social isolation stress as well as a treadmill physical training protocol inhibited the process of habituation of the HR response observed during the 10th session of 60 minutes of restraint stress. The chronic varied stress and social isolation also facilitated the responses of, respectively, blood pressure and HR to restraint stress. These results provide evidence of habituation of cardiovascular responses after repeated exposure to restraint stress, and this effect is dependent on duration, frequency and number of exposures; besides being influenced by the sex, period of the life and lineage of the animals. The habituation process was also inhibited by exposure to other chronic stressors and by physical training.
$L^2$ estimates for the operators $ \bar\partial $ and $ \bar\partial_b $
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02) Coacalle, Joel Rogelio Portada; Raich, Andrew Seth; Hoepfner, Gustavo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7742503790793940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153627834860786
The purpose of this work is to establish sufficient conditions for closed range estimates on $(0,q)$-forms, for some fixed $q$, $1 \leq q \leq n-1$, for $\bar\partial_b$ in both $L^2$ and $L^2$-Sobolev spaces in embedded, not necessarily pseudoconvex CR manifolds of hypersurface type. The condition, named weak $Y(q)$, is both more general than previously established sufficient conditions and easier to check. Applications of our estimates include estimates for the Szeg\"o projection as well as an argument that the harmonic forms have the same regularity as the complex Green operator. We use a microlocal argument and carefully construct a norm that is well-suited for a microlocal decomposition of form. We do not require that the CR manifold is the boundary of a domain. Finally, we provide an example that demonstrates that weak $Y(q)$ is an easier condition to verify than earlier, less general conditions.
Modelos não lineares assimétricos com efeitos mistos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-08-02) Pereira, Marcos Antonio Alves; Russo-Novelli, Cibele Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1011098065426388; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4792032354955226
This work aims to develop asymmetric nonlinear regression models with mixed-effects, which provide alternatives to the use of normal distribution and other symmetric distributions, in order to avoid the sensitivity in the estimates to atypical observations and asymmetry. Nonlinear models with mixed-effects are explored in several areas of knowledge, especially when data are correlated, such as longitudinal data, repeated measures and multilevel data, in particular, for their flexibility in dealing with measures of areas such as biology and pharmacokinetics. However, there are difficulties in obtaining explicit estimators for the parameters in these models. At present, many studies have been developed with the family scale mixtures of skew-normal distribution (SMSN) that encompasses distributions with light and heavy tails, such as skew-normal, skew-Student-t, skew-contaminated normal and skew-slash, as well as symmetrical versions of these distributions. In this work, nonlinear regression models with mixed-effects are presented in which the random components have distributions belonging to the SMSN family. For the parameters estimation, a numerical solution via the EM algorithm and its extensions and Newton-Raphson algorithm is obtained. Analyzes for real data sets are performed with this new proposal, such as the study of drug kinetics in humans, as well as diagnostic analyzes, through residual analysis and influence diagnostics. Simulation studies are conducted to verify the maximum likelihood properties of the estimators.