Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2019-09"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 64

La educación financiera en el currículo actual de la escuela básica brasileña: antecedentes en la disciplina economía doméstica.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09) Fernandes, Luzia de Fatima Barbosa; Vilela, Denise Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6818023438968189; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4886; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301
En este trabajo presentamos algunos cambios en la inserción de temas relacionados a las finanzas en la escuela básica brasileña. En el siglo XIX, teníamos en el currículo asuntos relativos a la Economía Doméstica. Actualmente, con la Estrategia Nacional de Educación Financiera, el tema Educación Financiera se legitima en la escuela y es propuesto en la Base Nacional Común Curricular. Articulando los referentes de la Sociología Reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu, adoptamos como método de investigación el análisis documental, insertándonos en una vertiente cualitativa. Para la discusión movilizamos el concepto de Estado y doxa y, relacionar la Educación Financiera como construcción social, de acuerdo con autores de la Sociología Económica. En nuestro modo de ver, la alteración de Economía Doméstica para Educación Financiera estaría relacionada a los cambios en la organización de la sociedad, específicamente, pasó de la dimensión de la familia hacia el ámbito individual, reforzando los ideales del neoliberalismo.
Efeito da adição de Ni na microestrutura bainítica de um novo aço para roscas e cilindros de plastificação de polímeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-02) Bacalhau, José Britti; Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0047058242568049
Nitriding steels, such as DIN 1.8550, are used in the manufacture of screws and barrels for injection molding machines and plastic extruders. The hardening process of DIN 1.8550 occurs via water or oil quenching followed by tempering, and, it is common to experience distortions in bars subjected to severe temperature gradients. Residual stresses arising from cold straightening of steel bars and/or remaining from heat treatment cause, during the machining of components, problems related with geometric variations on screws and/or deviations in deep drilling of barrels. The objective of this work was the technological development of a new steel for screws and barrels, which has high dimensional stability since it allows hardening via still air cooling. It was produced four chemical compositions of low-carbon steels with variation only in the Ni content. Through dilatometry tests, it was verified that Ni delayed the transformation kinetics of ferrite and pearlite, and, favored the formation of bainite and martensite. In the studied bainitic steels, Ni also promoted the formation of lower bainite at the expense of upper bainite. The steel with 1.40% Ni presented a refined microstructure mainly composed of lower bainite, with homogeneous precipitation of alloy carbides in the bainitic ferrite lath. Steels with low Ni contents, 0.03% and 0.70%, exhibited a microstructure mainly composed of upper bainite, with alloy carbides precipitation in the boundaries of the bainitic ferrite packages. The 1.40% Ni steel showed the best combination of results regarding toughness, microstructure and hardenability, and, for that reason it was also produced in industrial scale. The steel hardening process, with in-line quenching via still air cooling, was industrially validated achieving the production of a very homogeneous bainitic steel. The work was completed with the full-scale manufacture of a screw and a barrel from extruder machines, therefore the technological development covered from laboratory phase to field tests.
Neural networks as an optimization tool for regression
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-02) Coscrato, Victor Azevedo; Izbicki, Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4154241806264076
Neural networks are a tool to solve prediction problems that have gained much prominence recently. In general, neural networks are used as a predictive method, that is, their are used to estimate a regression function. Instead, this work presents the use of neural networks as an optimization tool to combine existing regression estimators in order to obtain more accurate predictions and to fit local linear models more efficiently. Several tests were conducted to show the greater efficiency of these methods when compared to the usual ones.
Representação das mulheres no melodrama contemporâneo: uma análise feminista sobre Grey’s Anatomy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-02) Jangrossi, Virgínia; Adamatti, Margarida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2629005451704968; Costa, Flávia Cesarino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1653890782950111; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9091506432459911
This thesis aims to analyze the structure of Grey’s Anatomy (Shonda Rhimes, ABC, 2005 –) and examine how the television series portrays themes associated with female subjects, such as the myth of romantic love, sexual freedom, motherhood, abortion, and gender inequalities in the work environment. Drawing from the feminist and the melodramatic theories as well as American television studies, this thesis scrutinizes how a series that targets mass culture incorporates ambiguities while portraying these themes. It also analyzes the impact these narrative fissures might have on female empowerment.
Variação morfológica e molecular da espécie Dendropsophus minutus (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) em sua área de ocorrência no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-02) Melo, Suélen Helena Martins; Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0458077399058762; Garavello, Júlio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1946304243808936
Dendropsophus minutus is a widely distributed hyilid in the Neotropical Region that have significant morphological variation along its area of occurrence. Recent molecular studies revealed high diversity of clades under the name Dendropsophus minutus. By this reason, we sought to identify patterns of polymorphisms in Dendropsophus minutus along the species distribution through the different Brazilian phytophysiognomies: Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pampa. We studied the morphological variation in Dendropsophus minutus by analyzing the morphometry and dorsal color pattern of males housed in Brazilian herpetological collections. Additionally, we amplified the 16S mitochondrial gene fragment to allocate morphometrically analyzed specimens into the phylogenetic tree from the literature. Even though there are sympatrics morphotypes in Dendropsophus minutus, we observe the absence of the dorsal pattern “bivittata” form in Northern Brazil, while the “minuta” pattern was not recorded in the South of the country. This study did not distinguish morphometrically the species through its distribution in Brazil; however, significant molecular differentiation in Amazonian specimens currently identified as Dendropsophus minutus was described, that are strongly related to samples of the taxon Dendropsophus goughi.
Caminhos de Nzazi: a formulação do Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais de Matriz Africana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-03) Silva, Leonardo Elias Luz da; Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1094912185063229
This research deals with the I National Plan for the Sustainable Development of the African Peoples and Traditional Communities. Created in 2013, the Plan had as its goal the preservation of the African tradition in Brazil through a set of public policies that orbited three major axes: the guarantee of rights, the protection of cultural heritage and the confrontation of extreme poverty. Through the latest theoretical tools in the field of public policy analysis, such as John Kingdon's (2014) multi-flow model and Paul Sabatier's (2007) notion of defense coalitions, I seek to understand which factors have enabled traditional people and communities of African matrix, a historically stigmatized group with low political power, to conquer a Plan with such amplitude. As a result, the research demonstrated that the emergence of the Plan was the result of a long process of discursive construction led by the Black Movement that found its climax in the Lula governments. Through the instances of debate and deliberation created during the administrations of the Partido dos Trabalhadores, actors linked to the Black Movement were able to bring to the government spheres new ways of understanding the religions of African matrix and their demands, and these, in turn, were consolidated in the Plan.
Vitrocerâmica altamente bioativa, de boa resistência mecânica e baixo módulo elástico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-03) Silva, Laís Dantas; Crovace, Murilo Camuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2960564171443068; Zanotto, Edgar Dutra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7650067199061661
Bioactive glass and glass-ceramics have the property of binding directly to living tissue. However, from mechanical performance, these materials have some disadvantages such as low fracture resistance. Some properties restrict their use in applications that require substantial mechanical effort, like as bone tissue substitutes. In this work, new bioactive glasses compositions of the Na2O-K2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system were prepared with the objective to obtaining glass-ceramics combining high mechanical strength and good bioactivity. For this, a rigorous microstructural control was carried out using thermal treatments. The aim was to achieve acicular crystals, in addition to the development of glass-ceramics through the sintering route. Thermal treatments and microscopy analysis (Optical Microscopy – OM and Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM) were used together as a microstructural control tools. The crystalline phases formed were identified by X-ray Diffraction. In addition to the confirmation of minority phases through Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Besides, the hardness was evaluated by the Vickers microhardness technique and the modulus of elasticity using the Impulse Excitation Technique. On the other hand biaxial bending tests were conducted to obtain fracture resistance. In addition, the bioactivity of glasses and glass-ceramics were evaluated by in vitro bioactivity tests using the acellular solution of SBF-K9 (Simulated Body Fluid), followed by FTIR analysis. In which glass-ceramics with acicular morphology with high in vitro bioactivity were obtained. In addition, mechanical strength of ~170 MPa, about three times higher than the original glass, and elastic modulus very close to that of Bioglass 45S5®, reaching a value of approximately 50 GPa. Thus, in this work we obtained a high-performance glass-ceramics with great potential for bone substitution.
Avaliação e seleção simultânea do layout e políticas de controle operacionais em armazéns por meio de mcda e sed
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-03) Silva, Lucas Eric da; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289; Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5303987544391797
Strategic decisions such as layout and tactical and operational decisions such as control policies affect warehouse performance criteria (costs, throughput, storage capacity and response time). Once taken, these decisions do not allow an easy alteration due to inconvenience to the operation and the end customer, or physical limitations. Therefore, they should be considered at the design phase and simultaneously, since the combination of their possible alternatives leads to different results. On the other hand, these decisions have a multicriteria aspect involving trade-offs that managers must analyze according to the market in which the company is inserted. Yet, the stochastic behavior of the demand profile, the picking activity congestion and the uncertainties of the scenarios that the operation may face should also be considered in the design phase. Thus, the present work aims to propose a methodology for evaluation and selection of the robust combination between aisle layout and operational control policies (storage, picking and routing) alternatives. The model consists of: (1) a discrete event simulation (SED) model to capture the stochastic character of the operation parameters (order arrival time, order arrival time variation, and order list size), congestion and make a quantitative analysis of the different combinations; (2) a multicriteria decision analysis (or MCDA) model in order to contemplate trade-offs between different criteria and objectives / preferences of decision makers, incorporating scenario planning. The results appear to be useful for small operations and may contribute to the development of new projects considering uncertainties and decision makers' preference. For the academy, the results bring the proposition of a methodology that jointly analyzes decisions at different levels through the combination of methods, previously unused for operations in distribution centers, and which can also serve to foster research from the perspective of distribution logistics.
Desenvolvimento de cerâmicas refratárias engenheiradas densas e porosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-04) Pelissari, Pedro Ivo Batistel Galiote Brossi; Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1402623804537094
High temperature processes are of great importance as they are widely applied in the manufacture of commodities, consumer goods and advanced materials. For these processes to be possible, the thermal environment in which they occur must consist of materials with special features, called refractories, for which their structure at different scales, nano to micro, influence directly their thermal and mechanical performance. The development of high-performance advanced refractory ceramics has been using techniques of theoretical modelling of the materials properties in order to correlate these features, making it possible to improve their performance. This trend is based on the use of computational tools, such as numerical simulation, to evaluate the impact of different structural characteristics on the properties of materials. Thus, the main goal of the present thesis was to use different numerical methods in order to assist the microstructure design of refractory materials for structural and thermal insulation applications. The impact of different microstructural descriptors, such as pore size and distribution, was evaluated for the thermal and mechanical properties of thermal insulating ceramic foams. It was observed the existence of an optimum pore size in the 0.5 to 3.0 m, range which reduces the effective thermal conductivity of these materials to a minimum for temperatures above 1000 °C. In the case of structural materials, it was also developed a bioinspired refractory with engineered microstructure presenting high mechanical performance at room (σf = 672.0 MPa and KIC = 7.4 MPa. m1/2) and high temperature (σf = 350.0 MPa and KIC = 6.0 MPa. m1/2), 1200 °C. The development and characterization of this latest material was carried out in conjunction with the Zurich Federal Institute of Technology (ETHz) and Imperial College London. Additionally, thermo-optical simulations were used to evaluate the thermal performance of these structures for a likely application as thermal barriers.
Packet routing analyses using probabilistic data structures in Multi-Tenant Networks based on programmable devices
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-04) Teles Martins, Regis Francisco; Villaça, Rodolfo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3755692723547807; Verdi, Fábio Luciano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9143186843657940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6385377117129215
Given the network traffic growth, due to applications that heavily use computational cloud infrastructure, the need for improving the monitoring traffic techniques has increased. For traffic engineering, it is essential to gain total visibility into the traffic flowing across the network. The most used methods for traffic monitoring in the industry are those based on dedicated monitoring protocols as SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), NetFlow, SFlow, among others. With processing capacity evolution of forwarding devices, new techniques have been proposed. The use of sketches has become widely popular for traffic monitoring tasks. Sketches are compact data structures capable of summarizing and store information about the state of packets. Using sketches, it is possible to monitor a network traffic, understanding the path travelled by each packet and which devices were responsible for the packet forwarding. Analyzing traffic over the network is a challenge that changes the traditional monitoring approach. The current performance indicator metrics provided by network devices are not enough to analyze and create insights for the network traffic as a whole. We need a way to produce key performance indicators that can be correlated across different network devices on the same network. This new approach opens opportunities for researching and developing novel techniques to obtain a holistic network traffic visibility, to support decisions in traffic engineering, to detect traffic anomalies and other applications. Using a single sketch named BitMatrix, proposed in this work, it is possible to monitor network traffic, understand the path travelled per packet and which devices forwarded this packet along its path. In this context, this probabilistic structure was adopted to identify the path used to forward a packet in a multi-tenant network in two different scenarios: a) in an emulated network, using P4 routers and, b) in a simulated network, processing real traffic traces, using a Python framework. As a result, overloaded routers, links and paths and heavy user tenants were identified.
Estrutura e qualidade ambiental dos riachos costeiros na ictiofauna e suas redes tróficas de uma região neotropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-04) Santos, João Alberto Paschoa dos; Moura, Evelise Nunes Fragoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561803596789261; Peret, Alberto Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2499478646835333
To determine the composition, distribution and trophic relations between fish species in streams located in Bertioga-SP sandbank and to evaluate if the environmental characteristics influence this system are the main objectives of this thesis. Fish from 11 clearwater and darkwater streams were sampled using electric fishing over a year. The stomachs of the 11 most abundant species of the 26 species recorded throughout the study were analyzed. The unique species of clearwater streams were Acentronichthys leptos, Characidium japuhibense, Characidium lanei, Kronichthys cf. heylandi, Pseudotothyris obtusa, Rhamdioglanis frenatus, in addition to the marine / estuarine species Awaous tajasica, Centropomus parallelus and Dormitator maculatus, while only Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus was unique in blackwater environments. The trophic webs were similar in the streams comparing the dry and rainy periods. Allochthonous and autoctone organic material was similarly consumed among fish species, showing no preference for origin. The species with the highest number of relationships were Gymnotus pantherinus, Mimagoniates microlepis and Hollandichthys multifasciatus. Spintherobolus broccae is endangered. Thus, the preservation of the Conservation Units Serra do Mar State Park and Restinga de Bertioga State Park are important, as they are home to species that were important for the energy relations in the nutrient cycling of the system, besides being an important region with a wide diversity and thus providing relevant ecosystem services.
Ferramentas experimentais e teóricas aplicadas em elucidação de reações orgânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Leonarczyk, Ives Antonio; Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7980697937496547
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL TOOLS APPLIED FOR ORGANIC REACTIONS ELUCIDATION. The present thesis explore different problems involving organic reactions using the association between experimental methodologies and theoretical calculations based in DFT. The first work has shown unprecedented evidence suggesting mechanistic differences afford by the type of catalyst employed in the A3 multicomponent synthesis of 2,4-diphenylquinolines. Thus, using iron salts or montmorillonite is favorable the Povarov-type mechanism, not have been observed the propargylamine intermediate proposed by literature. The second work investigates the remote sense of 1,4 and 1,5 asymmetric induction in boron mediate aldolic reactions using -alkoxy and -bis-alkoxy methyl ketones. In this inedited study, was systematically analyzed as well the role of -alquil substituents as the stereoelectronic influence of different oxygen protecting groups in  and positions for the process. DFT calculations have shown the source of 1,4-selectivity in terms of -substituent as well the synergistic effects between the -syn and -anti-bis-alkoxy stereocenter was elucidated leading to rationalize a new model. Thus, in case of 1,5-stereoinduction in presence of -alkoxy center the reaction follows the analogous Goodman-Paton model. The last work, disclose about the combined use of different computational methods aiming conformational analysis and NMR parameters calculations ( and 3J) for aldol adducts -branched and -unbranched where the conformational flexibility shows an elucidation challenge through direct methods. The results shown a more complex conformational scenario than the current accepted by literature, where different hydrogen bonds compete for stabilize the structures in equilibrium, revealing the possible origins observed in NMR parameters, where new considerations were presented to literature model.
Estratégias nutricionais em espécies congenéricas de cerrado e floresta estacional semidecídua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Paganeli, Bruno; Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3693747596062757
The Brazilian cerrado, although is one of the hotspots for the biology conservation, is still under pressure. One of these is related to restoration practices. This hotspot presents a huge vegetative diversity, however with predominance of savannas physiognomies. These can be defined as tropical and subtropical biomes, where the herbaceous layer is almost continuous, interrupted only by shrubs and trees at varying densities, with growth and reproductive patterns linked to climatic seasonality and to the occurrence of fires. Since savannas appear in climates that also harbour forests, only the climate is not enough to explain the occurrence of the former. One of the factors postulated to explain the occurrence of savannas in areas whose climate allows forests is nutrientpoor soils, especially regarding nitrogen and phosphorus. We analyzed the strategies presented by congeneric species, one typical of the cerrado, and the other, seasonal forest through four treatments in hydroponic system: (1) complete Hoagland solution, (2) Hoagland solution but nitrogen, (3) Hoagland solution but phosphorus, and (4) Hoagland solution but nitrogen and phosphorus. We followed the individuals measuring how long cotyledons persist, the time for the appearance of the first pair of leaves, height, leaf area, specific leaf area, root:shoot ratio, aboveground biomass and total biomass. All tests were done using variance analyses. Our results suggest that cerrado and forest species are functionally distinct, already in the early stages of their development. Both, savanna and forest congeneric seedlings are limited by nitrogen. However, changes in functional traits due to phosphorus supply evidenced their distinct nutritional strategies. While the forest species improved their functional traits — evidencing the co-limitation and higher nutritional demand —, savannas species displayed signs of toxicity, expressed by the decrease of some attributes.
A percepção de alunos do ensino médio sobre os direitos humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Mazari, Elenilson José; Julio, Josimeire Meneses; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2886466956542043
Understanding respect for human rights as a fundamental practice for living in society and still considering the school as an environment in which these values can be intensified, this research focuses on high school students and their perceptions about such rights. The objective was to capture these visions by applying dynamics in the classroom where students positioned themselves as debaters and, therefore, built arguments in relation to the situations in which they were placed based on news of recent situations in which human rights were violated. The collection took place in a third year high school class of a private school in the interior of São Paulo and the data were collected from the organization of operative groups that, besides the research methodology, showed interesting strategies as teaching methodology. Five dynamics were used to allow students to reflect on different topics such as labor rights, ethics, religious intolerance, transphobia, criminal majority and torture. The data were analyzed from the conception of Human Rights based on recent studies, official documents and the concepts developed by philosopher Hannah Arendt, especially labor, action and public space. The students demonstrated that the misrepresented views on human rights were more linked to their common sense than to their stance on the debated cases, generally positioning themselves alongside the articles declared by the UN in 1948. In this sense, We realize the importance of creating a favorable environment for labor to become action, according to Arendt's ideas.
Biologia de populações de peixes do Riachos da Vila de Itatinga, Bertioga, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Lemos, Clarissa Alessandra; Moura, Evelise Nunes Fragoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561803596789261; Peret, Alberto Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8721426091669629
The ichthyofauna is closely related to the structural characteristics of the environments in which they live, as well as are observed functional relations between substrate and marginal vegetation and the fish species, as those are the places where many species find food, also having ideal conditions for spawning and survival of the offspring, this study aims to verify if there is a relationship between the welfare of the species and the environment, based on the biology evaluation of nine fish species from Villa de Itatinga streams, in Bertioga/SP. The samplings occurred monthly, over a year, in eleven streams. The collection of limnological variables were obtained monthly with a multi-parameter water quality checker and also from sampled water analyzes. In the laboratory, the specimens were identified at the species level and the following dimensions were taken: total and standard length, total weight and after dissection when the stomachs and gonads were removed and weighed, the external repletion degree of the stomach, sex and stage of gonadal maturation were obtained. A total of nine most representative species were studied. The species that presented normality in the frequency distributions were predominant, and only females of Mimagoniates microlepis and males of Characidium lanei, Phalloceros harpagos and Kronichthys heylandi did not show normality. All species presented sex ratio different than the expected of 1:1. Female specimens of the species Deuterodon iguape, Characidium japuhybense, C. lanei, P. harpagos and Acentronichthys leptos were larger than males, while the opposite occurred in the species Hollandichthys multifasciatus, M. microlepis, K. heylandi and Scleromystax barbatus. Only C. lanei and A. leptos showed no difference between dry and rainy periods and only K. heylandi showed difference between sexes. Hollandichthys multifasciatus, C. japuhybense, females of C. lanei and A. leptos and males of D. iguape have an isometric growth, while in M. microlepis, K. heylandi, females of D. iguape and P. harpagos and C. lanei males have positive allometric growth. The species S. barbatus, P. harpagos and A. leptos females have negative allometric growth. The reproductive period of the species presented its highest peak in the rainy season, except for P. harpagos and the females of M. microlepis. The species D. iguape, K. heylandi and S. barbatus presented peaks of food intensity throughout the year, H. multifasciatus, and females of C. japuhybense and A. leptos presented their highest peak in the dry period, while the others presented in the rainy season. The relative condition factor of D. iguape, C. japuhybense, P. harpagos, A. leptos and S. barbatus, males of H. multifasciatus and females of C. lanei was higher in the rainy season, while M. microlepis, K. heylandi, H. multifasciatus females and C. lanei males had the highest relative condition factor peaks in the dry period. The study showed that there was no relationship between the limnological variables and the average relative condition factor of the species in the coastal streams of Itatinga Village, in Bertioga.
Participação da neurotransmissão orexinérgica nas respostas respiratórias à hipercarbia e hipóxia em iguanas verdes e girinos de rã-touro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Fonseca, Elisa Maioqui; Bícego, Kênia Cardoso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4029501980983015
Orexins (ORXs) are peptides produced by a group of neurons of the hypothalamus which regulate various physiological functions - such as the sleep-wake cycle, eating behavior, blood pressure, and respiration. These neurons are responsive to changes in pCO2/pH and hypoxia; and its effects on breathing involve participation in chemoreflexes. The vast majority of studies on ORXs and their contribution to respiratory modulation have been performed in mammals, especially rodents. The only work conducted in a non-mammalian vertebrate is one work from our group that demonstrated that ORX receptor-1 (OX1R) contributes to hypercarbia and hypoxia chemoreflexes in adult toads. This thesis, therefore, was designed to evaluate the role of ORXs in respiratory control in bullfrog tadpoles by recording respiratory activity in in vitro brainstem preparations; and in green iguanas through “in vivo” ventilation recordings. We observed that ORXs participate in ventilatory responses to hypercarbia in these two classes of vertebrates; but only in tadpoles they participate in ventilatory responses to hypoxia as well. In the case of the tadpoles, our experiments have shown that ORXs act in an inhibitory manner on O2 and CO2 chemoreflexes, while in iguanas, they act on CO2 chemoreflexes in an excitatory way.
A constituição da identidade do diretor de escola de educação básica negro: articulações entre a identidade étnico-racial e a identidade profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06) Ferreira, Maria Angélica Chagas; Campos, Douglas Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2113837229212931
This research is based on the study of a social phenomenon within the school that discusses, investigates and analyzes the relations between the identity trajectory of the black school principal, when in the process of assuming a position of leadership in municipal schools in the city of São Paulo, teaching and professional knowledge built and under construction along this route (PIMENTA, 1997; DUBAR, 1997, 2006, 2012). We aim to know a little about the professional and personal history of some black school principals during the teaching period and, currently, as managers, when talking about the reality of the school, the difficulties of the profession, the school and training history, the family and the The process of ethnic-racial construction seeks to have a panorama of the visibility of blacks in charge of leadership, and whether their racial identity is perceived negatively when measuring their professional competence. We have traveled a path in search of relevant definitions such as school administration and school principal in current legislation such as Law 9394/96-LDBEN. The authors Santos. B (2003), Ribeiro. J (1982), Paro (2011, 2015), Heller (1970), Gramsci (1968, 2001) structure the initial theoretical basis of research, assisting in the perspective of democratic management. Admission to the post is via public tender, and since 2013 there is affirmative action policy legislation for public service entry in the city. In this sense, we also study important concepts such as identity, prejudice, brand prejudice, racism and affirmative action policies. The authors Gomes (1995, 2017), Hall (2013, 2014), Silva (2014), Bento (2005), Ribeiro (2017), Almeida (2019), Fonseca (2009), Nogueira (1985, 1998) help us to understand these concepts in the reality of schools. We use the oral history method, with the testimonial, interview and script techniques, with the authors Nogueira (1973), Thompson (1992), Ezpeleta and Rockwell (1986), and Thiollent and Michael (1984), who give us the basis. for methodological organization. We organized an interview script, which was held in schools with black school principals, some freshmen and some older in the role. We interviewed male and female principals in their daily lives, we know the realities of schools and people in vulnerable situations who see a bridge in the school for better living conditions. For data analysis and categorization, our reference was Bardin (2011) and Minayo (2014). We used three categories that helped us better understand the context that we propose to deepen, they are: childhood, family and school; education, teaching and school management; and ethnic identity: being black and school principal. Our conclusion is that despite the individual and institutional racism experienced by school principals, they try to overcome difficulties and develop relevant work for the community in which they operate, without victimizing themselves. They fight daily to be recognized as school principals, in the meeting between reality and expectation, they work and seek strategies that help them in the challenges they find in this social place they occupy. Ethnic-racial identity becomes an instrument of struggle, mainly to legitimize fundamental elements of constitution of their professional identity.
Abordagem de conceitos sobre eletrostática no ensino médio através de uma oficina de ensino de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06) Silva, Carlos Augusto; Souza, James Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2699603255901379
A Physics workshop is a hands-on activity that can be used in the classroom or in the counter-time to increase student motivation in introductory physics courses at any level. In addition to helping students acquire a good conceptual foundation, it can contribute significantly to applying this knowledge in problem solving and engaging students in scientific practice. In this work we propose the elaboration of a workshop for the teaching of electrostatics. Our purpose was to show that experimentation in an investigative context in the format of a workshop can contribute significantly to facilitate the understanding of several abstract concepts such as electric charge, electric current, electric field and electric potential. This proposal was applied to three schools in the outback of the state of São Paulo for approximately 60 students. During the construction of the experiments the students used the logbook method to write down their observations, make hypotheses and answer questionnaires. With this procedure the student had the opportunity to participate in their own learning, exploring the advantages of scientific activity through investigative experimental proposals. The use of the workshop can be an interesting alternative to minimize the usual reductionism caused by the handout method, which is increasingly present in schools, to improve the relationship between teacher and students and to serve as a complementary methodology to theoretical physics classes. Our proposal was very well received in the classroom, having a motivating and integrative character for the teaching of electrostatic contents. Our educational product consists in the elaboration of a methodology for the application of a kit composed of a Kelvin electrostatic water dropper generator and other common experiments for the detection of electric fields, such as the electric pendulum, the electroscope, and also a handbook written in a simple and appropriate language for the high school physics teacher containing all the details of the construction and application of the kit.
Ingestão e palatabilidade ao sódio relacionados aos mecanismos inibitórios do núcleo parabraquial lateral em modelos de desidratação intracelular e extracelular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06) Cavassim, Diulie Graziela Felipe; Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9055280555067656; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9770813706903538
Several evidences correlate excessive salt intake with the development or aggravation of chronic diseases, including hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. One factor that could contribute to excessive salt intake is its ability to improve the palatability of foods. An important inhibitory mechanism for the control of sodium intake has been described for the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN), structure bilaterally located in the pons. Previous studies have shown that LPBN α2-adrenergic receptors activation with bilateral injections of moxonidine produces a potent increase in extracellular dehydration-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake, prolonging the increase in sodium palatability induced by sodium depletion. Although blocking LPBN inhibitory mechanisms produces a paradoxical intake of 0.3 M NaCl in rats with intracellular dehydration, it is still unknown whether activation of α2-adrenergic receptors in LPBN could alter sodium palatability under these conditions. Here we investigated: 1) sodium palatability and appetite induced by 24 hours of water deprivation (intracellular and extracellular dehydration model), and 2) sodium palatability in rats submitted to intragastric overload (intracellular dehydration) after administration of moxonidine or vehicle in LPPN. Present results showed that in rats submitted to 2 M NaCl (2 ml/rat) intragastric overload (intracellular dehydration) unilateral administration of moxonidine (α2-adrenergic/I1 imidazoline receptors agonist) into the LPBN did not change palatability to NaCl compared to vehicle treatment, although the moxonidine-treated group showed increased 0.3 M NaCl intake. When bilaterally injected into the LPBN, moxonidine did not change 24 h water deprivation-induced sodium appetite followed by partial rehydration period when compared to vehicle treatment. However, when animals were not allowed to be partially rehydrated, i.e., they had immediate and simultaneous access to water and 0.3 M NaCl during two hours, there was a potent increase in hypertonic sodium intake after bilateral moxonidine injections into the NPBL. In another group of animals without LPBN cannulas, there was an increase in hedonic responses frequency to intra-oral infusion of 0.3 M NaCl after 24 h water deprivation in relation to basal condition (normohydration), recovering to basal values after the partial rehydration period. The present results suggest that the increase in NaCl intake, evidenced only after water deprivation period, without previous partial rehydration, could be associated with the increase of hedonic responses frequency to intraoral infusion. However, with regard to intracellular dehydration exclusively, moxonidine unilateral LPBN injections promoted an increase in 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in palatability for this solution.
Efeitos de complexos metálicos de cobre no câncer de mama triplo negativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-06) Teles, Ramon Handerson Gomes; Graminha, Angélica Ellen; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346291554255235; Cominetti, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7723118209811228
Breast cancer is the second most common type in the world and can be considered a disease with good prognosis if diagnosed early and treated timely. The treatment of breast cancer aims to increase survival and improve the quality of life of women. Chemotherapy drugs cause DNA damage to both tumor and normal cells. Cisplatin is considered one of the best drugs in the treatment of various cancers in the world, but it has several side effects. Research into replacing platinum with another metal center, such as copper and ruthenium, shows advantages mainly in its ability to lessen side effects. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of copper complexes in in vitro experimental models on different tumor and non-tumoral breast cell lines. For this, different in vitro experiments were performed using the non-tumor human breast cell lines MCF-10A, the human tumoral cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SK-BR3, mouse fibroblast L929 and mouse tumor 4t1.The results demonstrated that the copper [Cu(sdmx-)2(phen)].H2O complex was the most effective in inducing toxicity in triple negative subtype breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) compared to non-tumoral breast cell line MCF-10A, which was slightly more resistant to the same complex. Furthermore, it was able to decrease the number and size of colonies, modify the structure of the cytoskeleton, and inhibit cell migration. The importance of copper transporter protein 1, CTR1, was also verified by cell transfection, in which after this process, gene expression was increased approximately ten-fold in transfected MDA-MB-231 cells, and that the complex [CuCl2(-impy)] was more cytotoxic in these cells compared to non-transfected cells. This can be attributed to the presence of vacant points in copper through the loss of chloride ions, which allows their interaction with CTR1 and greater uptake through it. In summary, the results show that the [Cu(sdmx-)2(phen)].H2O and [CuCl2(-impy)] complexes were cytotoxic to tumor cell line MDA-MB-231 and that increased expression of CTR1 caused sensitization in transfected cells upon treatment with the [CuCl2(-impy)] complex. Further studies should be performed with the [Cu(sdmx-)2(phen)].H2O and [CuCl2(-impy)] complexes for understanding of the mechanisms of action and the influence of CTR1 in this process. In addition, considering CTR1 as a target in tumor cells supports the development of strategies that use rational drug design to improve therapeutic efficacy through greater specificity and consecutive reduction of side effects.