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Ferramentas experimentais e teóricas aplicadas em elucidação de reações orgânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Leonarczyk, Ives Antonio; Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7980697937496547
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL TOOLS APPLIED FOR ORGANIC REACTIONS ELUCIDATION. The present thesis explore different problems involving organic reactions using the association between experimental methodologies and theoretical calculations based in DFT. The first work has shown unprecedented evidence suggesting mechanistic differences afford by the type of catalyst employed in the A3 multicomponent synthesis of 2,4-diphenylquinolines. Thus, using iron salts or montmorillonite is favorable the Povarov-type mechanism, not have been observed the propargylamine intermediate proposed by literature. The second work investigates the remote sense of 1,4 and 1,5 asymmetric induction in boron mediate aldolic reactions using -alkoxy and -bis-alkoxy methyl ketones. In this inedited study, was systematically analyzed as well the role of -alquil substituents as the stereoelectronic influence of different oxygen protecting groups in  and positions for the process. DFT calculations have shown the source of 1,4-selectivity in terms of -substituent as well the synergistic effects between the -syn and -anti-bis-alkoxy stereocenter was elucidated leading to rationalize a new model. Thus, in case of 1,5-stereoinduction in presence of -alkoxy center the reaction follows the analogous Goodman-Paton model. The last work, disclose about the combined use of different computational methods aiming conformational analysis and NMR parameters calculations ( and 3J) for aldol adducts -branched and -unbranched where the conformational flexibility shows an elucidation challenge through direct methods. The results shown a more complex conformational scenario than the current accepted by literature, where different hydrogen bonds compete for stabilize the structures in equilibrium, revealing the possible origins observed in NMR parameters, where new considerations were presented to literature model.
Estratégias nutricionais em espécies congenéricas de cerrado e floresta estacional semidecídua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Paganeli, Bruno; Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3693747596062757
The Brazilian cerrado, although is one of the hotspots for the biology conservation, is still under pressure. One of these is related to restoration practices. This hotspot presents a huge vegetative diversity, however with predominance of savannas physiognomies. These can be defined as tropical and subtropical biomes, where the herbaceous layer is almost continuous, interrupted only by shrubs and trees at varying densities, with growth and reproductive patterns linked to climatic seasonality and to the occurrence of fires. Since savannas appear in climates that also harbour forests, only the climate is not enough to explain the occurrence of the former. One of the factors postulated to explain the occurrence of savannas in areas whose climate allows forests is nutrientpoor soils, especially regarding nitrogen and phosphorus. We analyzed the strategies presented by congeneric species, one typical of the cerrado, and the other, seasonal forest through four treatments in hydroponic system: (1) complete Hoagland solution, (2) Hoagland solution but nitrogen, (3) Hoagland solution but phosphorus, and (4) Hoagland solution but nitrogen and phosphorus. We followed the individuals measuring how long cotyledons persist, the time for the appearance of the first pair of leaves, height, leaf area, specific leaf area, root:shoot ratio, aboveground biomass and total biomass. All tests were done using variance analyses. Our results suggest that cerrado and forest species are functionally distinct, already in the early stages of their development. Both, savanna and forest congeneric seedlings are limited by nitrogen. However, changes in functional traits due to phosphorus supply evidenced their distinct nutritional strategies. While the forest species improved their functional traits — evidencing the co-limitation and higher nutritional demand —, savannas species displayed signs of toxicity, expressed by the decrease of some attributes.
A percepção de alunos do ensino médio sobre os direitos humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Mazari, Elenilson José; Julio, Josimeire Meneses; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2886466956542043
Understanding respect for human rights as a fundamental practice for living in society and still considering the school as an environment in which these values can be intensified, this research focuses on high school students and their perceptions about such rights. The objective was to capture these visions by applying dynamics in the classroom where students positioned themselves as debaters and, therefore, built arguments in relation to the situations in which they were placed based on news of recent situations in which human rights were violated. The collection took place in a third year high school class of a private school in the interior of São Paulo and the data were collected from the organization of operative groups that, besides the research methodology, showed interesting strategies as teaching methodology. Five dynamics were used to allow students to reflect on different topics such as labor rights, ethics, religious intolerance, transphobia, criminal majority and torture. The data were analyzed from the conception of Human Rights based on recent studies, official documents and the concepts developed by philosopher Hannah Arendt, especially labor, action and public space. The students demonstrated that the misrepresented views on human rights were more linked to their common sense than to their stance on the debated cases, generally positioning themselves alongside the articles declared by the UN in 1948. In this sense, We realize the importance of creating a favorable environment for labor to become action, according to Arendt's ideas.
Biologia de populações de peixes do Riachos da Vila de Itatinga, Bertioga, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Lemos, Clarissa Alessandra; Moura, Evelise Nunes Fragoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561803596789261; Peret, Alberto Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8721426091669629
The ichthyofauna is closely related to the structural characteristics of the environments in which they live, as well as are observed functional relations between substrate and marginal vegetation and the fish species, as those are the places where many species find food, also having ideal conditions for spawning and survival of the offspring, this study aims to verify if there is a relationship between the welfare of the species and the environment, based on the biology evaluation of nine fish species from Villa de Itatinga streams, in Bertioga/SP. The samplings occurred monthly, over a year, in eleven streams. The collection of limnological variables were obtained monthly with a multi-parameter water quality checker and also from sampled water analyzes. In the laboratory, the specimens were identified at the species level and the following dimensions were taken: total and standard length, total weight and after dissection when the stomachs and gonads were removed and weighed, the external repletion degree of the stomach, sex and stage of gonadal maturation were obtained. A total of nine most representative species were studied. The species that presented normality in the frequency distributions were predominant, and only females of Mimagoniates microlepis and males of Characidium lanei, Phalloceros harpagos and Kronichthys heylandi did not show normality. All species presented sex ratio different than the expected of 1:1. Female specimens of the species Deuterodon iguape, Characidium japuhybense, C. lanei, P. harpagos and Acentronichthys leptos were larger than males, while the opposite occurred in the species Hollandichthys multifasciatus, M. microlepis, K. heylandi and Scleromystax barbatus. Only C. lanei and A. leptos showed no difference between dry and rainy periods and only K. heylandi showed difference between sexes. Hollandichthys multifasciatus, C. japuhybense, females of C. lanei and A. leptos and males of D. iguape have an isometric growth, while in M. microlepis, K. heylandi, females of D. iguape and P. harpagos and C. lanei males have positive allometric growth. The species S. barbatus, P. harpagos and A. leptos females have negative allometric growth. The reproductive period of the species presented its highest peak in the rainy season, except for P. harpagos and the females of M. microlepis. The species D. iguape, K. heylandi and S. barbatus presented peaks of food intensity throughout the year, H. multifasciatus, and females of C. japuhybense and A. leptos presented their highest peak in the dry period, while the others presented in the rainy season. The relative condition factor of D. iguape, C. japuhybense, P. harpagos, A. leptos and S. barbatus, males of H. multifasciatus and females of C. lanei was higher in the rainy season, while M. microlepis, K. heylandi, H. multifasciatus females and C. lanei males had the highest relative condition factor peaks in the dry period. The study showed that there was no relationship between the limnological variables and the average relative condition factor of the species in the coastal streams of Itatinga Village, in Bertioga.
Participação da neurotransmissão orexinérgica nas respostas respiratórias à hipercarbia e hipóxia em iguanas verdes e girinos de rã-touro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-05) Fonseca, Elisa Maioqui; Bícego, Kênia Cardoso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4029501980983015
Orexins (ORXs) are peptides produced by a group of neurons of the hypothalamus which regulate various physiological functions - such as the sleep-wake cycle, eating behavior, blood pressure, and respiration. These neurons are responsive to changes in pCO2/pH and hypoxia; and its effects on breathing involve participation in chemoreflexes. The vast majority of studies on ORXs and their contribution to respiratory modulation have been performed in mammals, especially rodents. The only work conducted in a non-mammalian vertebrate is one work from our group that demonstrated that ORX receptor-1 (OX1R) contributes to hypercarbia and hypoxia chemoreflexes in adult toads. This thesis, therefore, was designed to evaluate the role of ORXs in respiratory control in bullfrog tadpoles by recording respiratory activity in in vitro brainstem preparations; and in green iguanas through “in vivo” ventilation recordings. We observed that ORXs participate in ventilatory responses to hypercarbia in these two classes of vertebrates; but only in tadpoles they participate in ventilatory responses to hypoxia as well. In the case of the tadpoles, our experiments have shown that ORXs act in an inhibitory manner on O2 and CO2 chemoreflexes, while in iguanas, they act on CO2 chemoreflexes in an excitatory way.