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Modelo de crescimento de gramíneas adaptado a áreas urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09) Escobar-Silva, Elton Vicente; Bourscheidt, Vandoir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8866534492617582
Green spaces in urban areas and its impacts on the population has been the subject of many studies, not only because of the important ecosystem services provided by these areas but also due to the direct contribution on public health. Initiatives for control of urban vegetation, regarding the optimization of the cutting/mowing process, reducing costs and potentially reducing impacts on the urban natural ecosystem have not been found in the literature. Thus, this work aims to implement a grass growth model suitable for appropriate management of urban green spaces, specifically in lawns, public parks squares, and roadsides and around waterways. The model was developed in Python and simulates the daily dynamics of leaf area index (LAI), biomass, evapotranspiration and soil water content, going under cutting processes or not, with spatialization capability which might be integrated within geographic information system (GIS) environment. However, only above-ground growth is modeled. Soil water content, temperature, and radiation stress are considered the only environmental growth limitations. The model presents two development stages for the plant, growth cycle and dormancy. The dormant period can be trigged from two different approaches: day length or the soil moisture index - SMI, which allows covering temperate and tropical areas. A case study using Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) as input to run the model is presented as well as the evaluation procedures of the model performance. Two different platforms (an unmanned aerial vehicle – UAV and PlanetScope imagery) were used in the data acquisition and, the vegetation indices NDVI, GNDI, and EVI2 were used to retrieve LAI from in situ measurements and from the sensors. EVI2 showed the best performance for Bahiagrass LAI retrieval and thus it was used in the evaluation of the LAI simulated in the model. To assess the performance of the model, LAI from the model (default and adjusted) and LAI retrieved from both sensors are compared using the associated determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) as criteria. The results obtained in the analysis suggest that the proposed model is suitable for its purpose and its eventual application may help government administrations with the optimization of cut/mowing processes of urban green spaces (UGS). However, some adjustments in the LAI curve development and in the dormant period are suggested.
Cladocera de água doce do estado de são paulo – brasil: taxonomia, ecologia e diversidade de espécies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09) Silva, Erika dos Santos; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0697473971483910
Studies on Cladocera diversity are of great relevance since this group is one of the three main components of freshwater zooplankton, together with Rotifera and copepods. They provide information for understanding energy and nutrient transport along trophic chains and ultimately the food web structure, besides interactions between species and processes structuring communities. Therefore, works involving taxonomy, molecular biology, species functionality, and aspects of the life of organisms are fundamental to ecological studies. In order to contribute to the knowledge of these aspects regarding the Cladocera of freshwaters of São Paulo state, 284 bodies of water were sampled once, from 2012 to 2015. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the water body (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature) were simultaneously measured, besides analysing biological variables (Cladocera community species composition and diversity). From the results, diversity Shannon-Wienner and Simpson indices were calculated and species were classified regarding their functional role. For one species of the Chydoridae family, Oxyurella cilliata, the study of the life cycle and the molecular DNA barcode was obtained after obtaining a laboratory culture. The environments are heterogeneous and most of the water bodies are small, shallow and impacted by anthropic action. Great species richness of Cladocera (86 taxa) was recorded, with 5 new occurrences recorded (Coronatella paulinae, C. undata, Anthalona cf. acuta, A. cf. brandorffi and A. cf. neotropica). Eight functional groups were formed with information on resource utilization and trophic web complexity. Most species are characteristic of littoral region as the chydorids. This family has the highest specie richness and wide geographic distribution around the world. Many species are being reviewed and on the light of molecular biology are being subject of taxonomic reviews, changing from genus up to subfamily and some new species added. Among chydorids, Bergamina lineolata, Graptoleberis occidentalis, Dadaya macrops and Dunhevedia odontoplax had their distribution area expanded in São Paulo state, although showing habitat specificity and to be restrict to certain types of environments. Results from the life cycle and molecular biology analyses evidenced significant morphological and molecular diferences to between Oxyurella cilliata and O. longicaudis, suggesting the need for an updated taxonomical review of this genus.
Elaboração de um livro paradidático infantojuvenil com enfoque em educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09) Amorim, Bruno Duarte; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2783636793597412
Since the 20th century, zoos have been shaping themselves around four pillars: conservation, research, education, and leisure. Linked to these pillars, environmental education is essential in both zoos and schools, as it has a strong potential for environmental awareness and exposes the relationships among living beings within an ecosystem. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in the number of visitors to non-formal spaces, such as zoos. Supplementary educational materials can significantly contribute to addressing important themes in Environmental Education and the dynamics of zoos, as well as encourage visits to these spaces. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a supplementary educational book focusing on Environmental Education concepts, emphasizing the importance of zoos in species conservation, addressing existing controversies in the relationship between humans and nature, and discussing the importance of species in vulnerable and endangered conditions in Brazil. A bibliographic survey of endemic and endangered animals in Brazil was conducted. Based on this survey, four main species were chosen to be part of the book's plot. In the end, a text related to the theme was produced, resulting in the book titled Dando Voz aos Animais (https://www.amazon.com.br/Dando-animais-Bruno-Duarte-Amorim-ebook/dp/B09X23D2DQ).
Efeito da paisagem na biodiversidade de mamíferos médio e grande porte em um ecótono cerrado – Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09) Marchiori, Franciane Aparecida; Ribeiro, Milton Cezar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4158685235743119; Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6665130579794901
Habitat loss and fragmentation of Neotropical forests has increased rapidly in recent decades. It caused severe impacts on the diversity and ecological processes that depend on species associated with the forest. Much research has been developed to understand these effects on the fauna that inhabits the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, while the ecotonal zones of these ecosystems remain poorly studied. The immense heterogeneity of the environments south of the Amazon rainforest brings us unknown how the medium and large mammal groups are using the environments available to them as: Fragments, Corridors and Continuous Forests. We used trap cameras to survey fauna and selected 15 landscapes with variation in forest cover (%). We use this work to describe species richness, number of threatened species and number of records of occurrence of medium and large terrestrial mammals in the Tanguro Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project at the base of the upper Xingu, Mato Grosso, southern Amazon, Brazil. We recorded 5,633 records from April to September 2018 (118.000 hours of collection) for 24 mammalian species. Forest cover (%) positively influenced the number of threatened species, but it was not important to explain species richness or number of records per landscape. When we analyzed the environments, we observed a clear response of forest species to fragmentation disturbances as an effect of edge quantity, habitat percentage and environmental diversity.
O ensino das leis de Newton por meio de resolução de problema envolvendo atividades experimentais em um ambiente com diferentes interações sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09) Scomparin, Paulo Roberto; Carvalho Neto, João Teles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622059450756991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0833670954987414
The purpose of this research is to stimulate the involvement, engagement and autonomy of students through interactions and exchange of experiences at various levels of socialization: groups, between groups, teacher groups and class groups, with the intention of bringing students in carrying out the proposed activities making physics teaching more attractive it's interesting. The survey was conducted with first year high school students, in a public school in the state of São Paulo. Of a qualitative nature, it involved research in which we report the results of the development of experimental activities involving Newton's three laws: Inertia, Fundamental Principle of Dynamics and Action and Reaction, considered essential and basic concepts for the introduction to the learning of Physical. We proposed a problematic text of dummy origin called "Accident in In this, the students investigate the death of the researcher, Dr. Caio Torres, while made the disposal of lunar rocks. The activity is divided into 3 main steps. After reading the introductory text, each group of students performs experiments that simulate aspects of the accident, organized by a roadmap. In the next step, called intergroups, there is the exchange of information between groups that performed different experiments. In the final stage, the groups return to their original formations and formulate their conclusions. presenting a solution to the proposed problem. Through reports written by the students and field notes, we observed as a result that most demonstrated interest in carrying out the activity, getting involved in the proposed dynamics and showing engagement in interactions. We also observed signs of appropriation of the concepts basic mechanics. We note that the most challenging aspects of the proposal, which partly influenced the achievement of better results, were the manifestations of disaffected among some pairs.