Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-09-09"

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Modelo de crescimento de gramíneas adaptado a áreas urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Escobar-Silva, Elton Vicente
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Bourscheidt, Vandoir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8866534492617582
Green spaces in urban areas and its impacts on the population has been the subject of many studies, not only because of the important ecosystem services provided by these areas but also due to the direct contribution on public health. Initiatives for control of urban vegetation, regarding the optimization of the cutting/mowing process, reducing costs and potentially reducing impacts on the urban natural ecosystem have not been found in the literature. Thus, this work aims to implement a grass growth model suitable for appropriate management of urban green spaces, specifically in lawns, public parks squares, and roadsides and around waterways. The model was developed in Python and simulates the daily dynamics of leaf area index (LAI), biomass, evapotranspiration and soil water content, going under cutting processes or not, with spatialization capability which might be integrated within geographic information system (GIS) environment. However, only above-ground growth is modeled. Soil water content, temperature, and radiation stress are considered the only environmental growth limitations. The model presents two development stages for the plant, growth cycle and dormancy. The dormant period can be trigged from two different approaches: day length or the soil moisture index - SMI, which allows covering temperate and tropical areas. A case study using Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) as input to run the model is presented as well as the evaluation procedures of the model performance. Two different platforms (an unmanned aerial vehicle – UAV and PlanetScope imagery) were used in the data acquisition and, the vegetation indices NDVI, GNDI, and EVI2 were used to retrieve LAI from in situ measurements and from the sensors. EVI2 showed the best performance for Bahiagrass LAI retrieval and thus it was used in the evaluation of the LAI simulated in the model. To assess the performance of the model, LAI from the model (default and adjusted) and LAI retrieved from both sensors are compared using the associated determination coefficient (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) as criteria. The results obtained in the analysis suggest that the proposed model is suitable for its purpose and its eventual application may help government administrations with the optimization of cut/mowing processes of urban green spaces (UGS). However, some adjustments in the LAI curve development and in the dormant period are suggested.
Elaboração de um livro paradidático infantojuvenil com enfoque em educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Amorim, Bruno Duarte
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559
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Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2783636793597412
Since the 20th century, zoos have been shaping themselves around four pillars: conservation, research, education, and leisure. Linked to these pillars, environmental education is essential in both zoos and schools, as it has a strong potential for environmental awareness and exposes the relationships among living beings within an ecosystem. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in the number of visitors to non-formal spaces, such as zoos. Supplementary educational materials can significantly contribute to addressing important themes in Environmental Education and the dynamics of zoos, as well as encourage visits to these spaces. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a supplementary educational book focusing on Environmental Education concepts, emphasizing the importance of zoos in species conservation, addressing existing controversies in the relationship between humans and nature, and discussing the importance of species in vulnerable and endangered conditions in Brazil. A bibliographic survey of endemic and endangered animals in Brazil was conducted. Based on this survey, four main species were chosen to be part of the book's plot. In the end, a text related to the theme was produced, resulting in the book titled Dando Voz aos Animais (https://www.amazon.com.br/Dando-animais-Bruno-Duarte-Amorim-ebook/dp/B09X23D2DQ).
Cladocera de água doce do estado de são paulo – brasil: taxonomia, ecologia e diversidade de espécies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Silva, Erika dos Santos
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0697473971483910
Studies on Cladocera diversity are of great relevance since this group is one of the three main components of freshwater zooplankton, together with Rotifera and copepods. They provide information for understanding energy and nutrient transport along trophic chains and ultimately the food web structure, besides interactions between species and processes structuring communities. Therefore, works involving taxonomy, molecular biology, species functionality, and aspects of the life of organisms are fundamental to ecological studies. In order to contribute to the knowledge of these aspects regarding the Cladocera of freshwaters of São Paulo state, 284 bodies of water were sampled once, from 2012 to 2015. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the water body (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature) were simultaneously measured, besides analysing biological variables (Cladocera community species composition and diversity). From the results, diversity Shannon-Wienner and Simpson indices were calculated and species were classified regarding their functional role. For one species of the Chydoridae family, Oxyurella cilliata, the study of the life cycle and the molecular DNA barcode was obtained after obtaining a laboratory culture. The environments are heterogeneous and most of the water bodies are small, shallow and impacted by anthropic action. Great species richness of Cladocera (86 taxa) was recorded, with 5 new occurrences recorded (Coronatella paulinae, C. undata, Anthalona cf. acuta, A. cf. brandorffi and A. cf. neotropica). Eight functional groups were formed with information on resource utilization and trophic web complexity. Most species are characteristic of littoral region as the chydorids. This family has the highest specie richness and wide geographic distribution around the world. Many species are being reviewed and on the light of molecular biology are being subject of taxonomic reviews, changing from genus up to subfamily and some new species added. Among chydorids, Bergamina lineolata, Graptoleberis occidentalis, Dadaya macrops and Dunhevedia odontoplax had their distribution area expanded in São Paulo state, although showing habitat specificity and to be restrict to certain types of environments. Results from the life cycle and molecular biology analyses evidenced significant morphological and molecular diferences to between Oxyurella cilliata and O. longicaudis, suggesting the need for an updated taxonomical review of this genus.
Efeito da paisagem na biodiversidade de mamíferos médio e grande porte em um ecótono cerrado – Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Marchiori, Franciane Aparecida
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Ribeiro, Milton Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4158685235743119
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
Habitat loss and fragmentation of Neotropical forests has increased rapidly in recent decades. It caused severe impacts on the diversity and ecological processes that depend on species associated with the forest. Much research has been developed to understand these effects on the fauna that inhabits the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, while the ecotonal zones of these ecosystems remain poorly studied. The immense heterogeneity of the environments south of the Amazon rainforest brings us unknown how the medium and large mammal groups are using the environments available to them as: Fragments, Corridors and Continuous Forests. We used trap cameras to survey fauna and selected 15 landscapes with variation in forest cover (%). We use this work to describe species richness, number of threatened species and number of records of occurrence of medium and large terrestrial mammals in the Tanguro Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project at the base of the upper Xingu, Mato Grosso, southern Amazon, Brazil. We recorded 5,633 records from April to September 2018 (118.000 hours of collection) for 24 mammalian species. Forest cover (%) positively influenced the number of threatened species, but it was not important to explain species richness or number of records per landscape. When we analyzed the environments, we observed a clear response of forest species to fragmentation disturbances as an effect of edge quantity, habitat percentage and environmental diversity.
O ensino das leis de Newton por meio de resolução de problema envolvendo atividades experimentais em um ambiente com diferentes interações sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-09)
Scomparin, Paulo Roberto
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Carvalho Neto, João Teles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622059450756991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0833670954987414
The purpose of this research is to stimulate the involvement, engagement and autonomy of students through interactions and exchange of experiences at various levels of socialization: groups, between groups, teacher groups and class groups, with the intention of bringing students in carrying out the proposed activities making physics teaching more attractive it's interesting. The survey was conducted with first year high school students, in a public school in the state of São Paulo. Of a qualitative nature, it involved research in which we report the results of the development of experimental activities involving Newton's three laws: Inertia, Fundamental Principle of Dynamics and Action and Reaction, considered essential and basic concepts for the introduction to the learning of Physical. We proposed a problematic text of dummy origin called "Accident in In this, the students investigate the death of the researcher, Dr. Caio Torres, while made the disposal of lunar rocks. The activity is divided into 3 main steps. After reading the introductory text, each group of students performs experiments that simulate aspects of the accident, organized by a roadmap. In the next step, called intergroups, there is the exchange of information between groups that performed different experiments. In the final stage, the groups return to their original formations and formulate their conclusions. presenting a solution to the proposed problem. Through reports written by the students and field notes, we observed as a result that most demonstrated interest in carrying out the activity, getting involved in the proposed dynamics and showing engagement in interactions. We also observed signs of appropriation of the concepts basic mechanics. We note that the most challenging aspects of the proposal, which partly influenced the achievement of better results, were the manifestations of disaffected among some pairs.
Projeto de um sistema de registro de sinais de neurônios em matriz de microeletrodos com ressonância estocástica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-11)
Fambrini, Francisco
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2870135721044417
This PhD thesis aims at the study and practical implementation of a complete system capable of recording electrical signals from a Microelectrode Array. This multi-electrode planar matrix known as MEA (MicroElectrode Array), is built with the same technology as nanoscale integrated circuits, and allows a biological culture of neural cells to be performed at its center. Through studies on MEAs, we can better understand the pattern of spikes and bursts generated by neurons on in vitro cultures. The electrical signals captured and recorded from microelectrodes have an amplitude of the order of microvolts (µV) and need to be amplified by special circuits, with filters capable of selecting the frequency band of interest. However, often the electrical levels of the signals captured in MEAs are so small that they cannot be amplified by conventional techniques, as they are of the same order as the random noise level produced by the amplifier circuits. Some electrical signals are impossible to record through operational amplifiers conventionally used in electronics. In this paper, we describe the application of the Stochastic Resonance Phenomenon (SR) to record signals of very low intensity compared to conventional amplification methods for signals captured in MEA. Therefore, the work of this thesis consists in the development of the acquisition and recording system of signals from in vitro cultured neurons in MEA, using conventional and SR methods; electrical measurements of the developed bench system and comparison with the values obtained in the simulation, testing conventional amplifiers and SR amplification systems and validation of the entire device in a real experiment with an in vitro culture of neurons, which was performed in an electrophysiology laboratory at the Federal University of Uberlândia. The results of these experiments showed stochastic resonance is useful for detecting signals below 100 µV p-p. For higher amplitude signals, there is no advantage in using the RE as an amplification element due to the distortion produced in the signals.
Determinantes socioeconômicas da distribuição espacial de painéis fotovoltáicos residenciais no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-11)
Sabadini, Felipe
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Moralles, Herick Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3117248690753749
The environmental situation demands new forms of energy generation; the current energy matrix is dependent on fossil fuels that besides its harmful potential is also a non-renewable natural resource. Sensitive to this change, the Brazilian government published ANEEL's normative resolution 482/2012, which established the conditions for the exchange of energy between micro-generators. The current scenario shows that besides the environmental benefits, other motivations and barriers are also raised by the literature as motivations that lead to the adoption of photovoltaic panels. This work tries to fill part of this gap, being the first to examine the influence of socioeconomic factors on the spatial distribution of residential photovoltaic panels in Brazilian municipalities taking into account the spatial factor as a determinant. A cross-section model was elaborated, and spatial models of data in SAR and SEM panels were also used. The results found in this work demonstrate influences of the spatial variable as well as population; GDP of agribusiness and salary. Demonstrating convergence with previous studies, the best model was the spatial error for presenting better indexes, the spatial variable and peer effects showed a significant influence on the adoption of panels.
As percepções de professores sobre as influências das masculinidades tóxicas nas vivências pessoais e profissionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-11)
Baptista, Rafael Ferraz
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Julio, Josimeire Meneses
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8172366141038435
This research was developed from the perception about how men behave in society, since they need to adapt to the socially established patterns of masculinity and virility, submitting to certain sufferings in order to feel adjusted, a fact that extends to the school environment, considering that it is characterized as an integral part of the society. Therefore, the study aimed to understand teachers' perceptions about the influence of hegemonic patterns of masculinity, identify how teachers deal with the influences of toxic masculinities and understand how the toxicities, derived from the hegemonic pattern, interfer with the experiences of heterosexual teachers and homosexual teachers. Thus, we define the following research question: What are the teachers' perceptions about the influences of toxic masculinities in the construction of their identities? How do the values of a hegemonic pattern of masculinity interfere in the formation of these individuals as men and teachers? The data collection that supported this research was performed with the aid of two collection instruments: participant-observation and, especially, the operative group. Pichon Rivière (2005) emphasizes that the creation of an operative group allows a discussion that leads participants to reflect about certain theme, in this case, about the influence of toxic masculinities in the personal and professional lives of male teachers. Thus, seven male teachers from the state public school system participated in this research, sharing knowledge, yearnings and feelings during the debates. The debates generated the discourses that supported the research results, which, through content analysis (BARDIN, 2011), allowed us to find that toxic masculinities contaminate and condition the formation of man, putting him in a situation of subordination in relation to hegemonic masculinity and consequently its values are reproduced in the school environment, reinforcing toxic relationships, leading to practices lacking affection and based on fear and authoritarianism. In addition, teachers' perceptions indicate a certain uneasiness, which led to the questioning of the segregating, coercive and oppressive practices arising from hegemonic masculinity, which cause suffering and hindering the formation of man as a human being.
Preferência de Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) por folhas de eucalipto imersas em diferentes concentrações de solução de extrato de Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-13)
Mercadante, Maria Eugênia Gobbo
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Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8012151319370795
The use of plant extracts in agriculture can be an alternative for controlling leaf-cutting ants in agroecosystems, providing greater autonomy for farmers and avoiding environmental pollution with residues, unlike conventional methods that are costly and leave a high residual rate in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the preference of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) worker ants for eucalyptus leaf disks (Eucalyptus grandis) immersed in different concentrations of sweet potato extract solution (Ipomoea batatas). For field bioassays, three distinct foraging trails from adult nests of A. sexdens were selected. Three extract concentrations were used: C5 (5 mg/ml), C50 (50 mg/ml), C100 (100 mg/ml), in addition to the control treatment (Absolute Ethanol). In each trail, 10 eucalyptus leaf disks immersed in their respective treatments (extracts) were offered per bioassay. The duration of each bioassay was 15 minutes, totaling 12 repetitions and 180 minutes of evaluation per trail. Air relative humidity (RH) and temperature were also measured. The number of carried disks per treatment/repetition was counted, with no significant difference between sweet potato extract concentrations (p > 0.05). It is worth noting that further studies should be conducted to assess the non-repellency of sweet potato extracts at the concentrations used.
Professoras de berçário: uma análise sobre os saberes que embasam suas práticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-14)
Braga, Andréia Barboza
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Onofre, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0197741944995780
Important studies indicate that in the context of teacher education for basic education aimed at acting in early childhood education and early grades, discussions are prioritized in the curriculum as actions for literacy and acting focused on elementary school, leaving the specifics of the first stage of education relegated to the second place. Thus, issues involving teacher education and teaching with the baby classes are in need of further study. Thus, we sought to carry out reserache on the theme of teaching knowledge and the reflection of this knowledge in the pedagogical practices developed by teachers who work in nurseries. In this sense, this study aimed to understand which kind of the knowledge are mobilized in the pedagogical practices of nursery teachers of a municipal school system in the interior of São Paulo. This work is based on studies that discuss the teaching professional's knowledge, his identity, the teachers' practices and the relationship with the curriculum and also the knowledge of the pedagogical action. It was also sought theoretical support from authors in the area of early childhood education to discuss the daily work of teachers. For this study, a qualitative research was chosen and an exploratory and descriptive study was developed. The development of this study was attended by thirty-one professionals who work in nursery rooms, known as Phase I. identity Profile; Teaching Professionality; Pedagogical practices; Teacher Knowledge; Conceptions of Caring, Educating and Playing; Initial and Continuing Formation. The main results point out that these kindergarten teachers consider as necessary knowledge to act in these spaces the articulation of knowledge and theoretical contents acquired in the institutional formative processes, but they highlight some gaps arising from the initial formation courses in relation to the specific work with the teaching of babies. Thus, they reveal that practical experience in schools is another source of construction of this knowledge, which is added together with a constant articulation of these different sources, recognizing that the construction of knowledge takes place throughout life, since we always learn in a process continuous personal training which is not detached from the professional.
Alguns caminhos da educação ambiental em escolas de ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Araraquara/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-16)
Ventorin, Araceli Pedroso
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Rink, Juliana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5772465855816353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7064513818914164
The environmental problem affects the lives of billions of people and, given the magnitude with which it has presented itself, arouses worldwide concern. In this context, Environmental Education (EE) plays an important role in the formation of committed subjects in the search for solving social and environmental problems or alternatives to the current development model. Considering that multiple political and ideological influences have shaped EE, we cannot refer to it in the singular, since there are several possible ways to conceive and practice it (CARVALHO, 2004; LAYRARGUES; LIMA, 2014). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the different modalities of EE existing in elementary schools of the municipal network of Araraquara, São Paulo, in order to discuss its specificities, potentialities and challenges. In this network, EE processes take place in an interdisciplinary manner, in Common Base disciplines, and through special discipline, from the diverse part of the curriculum. Data were collected through field research in three school units: one full-time elementary school, one part-time elementary school, and one full-time education center that serves students in the regular school counter-shift. We conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers and pedagogical coordinators, document analysis of the schools involved and the Municipal Secretariat of Education, in addition to the municipal legislation establishing the Municipal Environmental Education Program. The results were analyzed through elements of content analysis and organized in four axes: “Working with EE in school units”, “Perspectives and trends of EE in the EUs”, “EE as a discipline” and “Teacher Training “We find that there are EE processes going on in this network, although under different organizations and which are mostly between the conservationist and pragmatic macrotendencies (LAYRARGUES; LIMA, 2014), and that although there is ongoing work in EE workshops of two school units investigated, the continuity of the work alone does not guarantee a critical perspective in its development. We consider the formation of teachers to work in this perspective as fundamental, as well as the improvement of the “Municipal Environmental Education Program”. Faced with existing challenges, both in interdisciplinary work and workshops, we understand that there is potential for conducting a critical EE work, taking the debate on environmental issues beyond the discussion on whether or not a discipline.
As perspectivas da representação substantiva sobre a ação parlamentar feminina no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-16)
Silva, Ana Paula Cavalcante Limão da
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Diniz, Simone
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9726360676770459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2252495997852964
This thesis proposes to present a mapping of the parliamentary profile of the deputies who assumed mandates in the 2003-2007, 2007-2011 and 2011-2015 legislatures, through the analysis of the legislative production of these women, highlighting the proposition of draft laws, in order to verify the extent to which female parliamentary action results in substantive representation in the Brazilian Federal Legislative Chamber. This research is based on a theoretical debate on the main conceptions of political representation, with emphasis on substantive representation and its consequences in the political space. Thus, the substantive representation is considered from the representative's activity, that is, from the content of the political action of that leader and what is its correspondence with the interests of the electorate. The data of this work were collected in the Chamber of Deputies Portal, identifying the naturalness and party bond of the deputies, number of bills proposed by each parliamentarian, type of authorship of the proposition, status of the matter in the legislative process and in the case of propositions archived, the reason for this archiving was collected. It was also verified the content of each proposed project and based on the committees that debated the matter, a classification of 27 themes addressed by the deputies in their projects was defined. This thesis shows that parliamentarians propose a number of projects commensurate with their male counterparts, more than 50% of the propositions are the sole author and, as far as the proposition themes are concerned, the areas related to “care” and to the same extent “hard” such as labor, economics, finance and taxation, administration and public service. Regarding the themes on feminist and women's agendas, they add up to a percentage of only 12% of propositions presented, and it appears that these matters address issues related to work, women's health and violence against women. In short, female underrepresentation in politics is a barrier to be broken, about women elected identify important advances in their parliamentary performance, they are debating issues considered masculine and present an autonomous performance in Parliament, so this research points to importance of the presence of minority groups in elected positions. In the case of deputies, the increased female presence in this political space strengthens women's substantive representation, and can contribute to gender issues on the agendas of parliamentarians of both sexes.
Investigações sobre seguimento de olhar e tomada de perspectiva em crianças com desenvolvimento típico e com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-16)
Silveira, Carolina Coury
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Schmidt, Andréia
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3886712611757992
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
This thesis was written in the form of a compendium of scientific texts. It included four studies that supported the planning and implementation of investigations that aimed to identify critical parameters in the establishment of the repertoires of looking direction and Perspective Taking for children with and without autism. First, the first experiment investigated whether changes in a procedure already replicated for multiple exemplar training would enable the verification of generalized operant characteristics for two children within Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Study 1). Second, observing a lack of studies in joint attention literature using a single-subject design, the aim was to investigate changes individually in eye-tracking patterns (via an eye-tracking device). Additionally, the vast majority of the studies in the area focused on the characterization of eye tracking in assessment in isolated tasks, with little explored as the eye-tracking patterns varied throughout the learning of responses, which guided the research question of Study 2. The first two studies explored joint attention responses (i.e., following the direction of someone's gaze), and they aimed to investigate and improve the social interaction behavior in very young children and provided relevant information for planning intervention for children with autism. However, social interaction, in general, can include many more complex responses that were not addressed in both previous investigations (Studies 1 and 2). Thus, for a broad interpretation of this phenomenon, in the sequence, a theoretical investigation was proposed. This investigation aimed to develop a functional analysis based on the Multi-Dimensional Multi-Level (MDML) framework for relational repertoires. This analysis allowed to establish responses for the development of Perspective-Taking (Study 3). Finally, the hypothesis raised about the minimum relational repertoires necessary for establishing Perspective-Taking in the previous theoretical research inspired an empirical investigation (Study 4). This last study involved the development of tasks to assess relational repertoires in a child with and another without autism with a similar development profile. Besides, this study also aimed to teach and develop the necessary relational repertoire that potentially would enable the presentation of Perspective-Taking, which were deficient for the child with autism. Subsequently, this teaching procedure effects for the behavioral repertoire of the participant were evaluated. In summary, the present thesis explored both fundamental and complex repertoire, crucial for the proper establishment of social interactions: gaze-following responses (Studies 1 and 2), and relational responses for Perspective-Taking (Studies 3 and 4). Both repertoires investigated seem to be fundamental for overcoming significant social barriers in individuals with autism.
Transformações pelo caminho: a última narrativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-17)
Santana, Danilo
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
Reflective Narrative about the experiences acquired by the student during the undergraduate medical course, from 2014 to 2019, divided into cycles, consisting of two years, as well is the Medical course at the Federal University of São Carlos, organized according to the progression in the domain of knowledge, in each area of competence, considering increasing degrees of autonomy.
Comportamento hidrodinâmico do solo e da recarga potencial do aquífero a partir de poços de infiltração de águas pluviais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-17)
Justino, Eliane Aparecida Justino
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Barbassa, Ademir Paceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366855147494701
The objective of this work was to analyze the hydrodynamic behavior of soil e potential groundwater recharge trough stormwater infiltration wells, built in real and pilot scale at the Federal University of São Carlos using monitoring and modeling. Therefore, it will be performed physical and hydraulic analyzes of the soil, monitoring of volumetric soil moisture, hydrological data and water level inside the wells, and rainfall simulations with 2000 L and 10000 L reservoirs. The modeling were developed by the Soil Water Balance Method and numerically using Hydrus 1D version 4.16 and 2D/3D version 2.5 softwares. The soil of the study area was heterogeneous in relation to pore size and distribution, which caused the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil (Ksat) to vary from 1.58 10-4 to 9.52 x 10-3 cm / s, values that assure the adequacy of the area for the implantation of stormwater infiltration wells. Among the methods used to determine Ksat employed in well desing, those proposed by Cauduro and Dorfman (s / d) and Pratt and Powel (1992) were more adequate. Soil moisture monitoring showed that the wetting front reach does not depend on the well diameter, but yes of the water level height inside well and that the surfaces that effectively contribute to infiltration is below half of this height. The localized and large distribution of runoff promoted by the well made the wetting and drying cycle effect were striking in the first operations of the structure. The increase in the well diameter decreased the soil water infiltration rate, it is consequence of its increased reservoir capacity and decreased resistant energy of water flow in the soil. In the estimation of groundwater potential recharge by the Water Balance Method, when considering rainwater management using infiltration wells, the average recharge value found for 2017 and 2018 was 2,72 times higher than for the grassland scenario, therefore, the wells contribute effectively to groundwater recharge. Two-dimensional numerical modeling of groundwater dynamics was inconclusive by Hydrus 2D/3D and Hydrus 1D simulation showed that the average potential recharges for 2017 and 2018 were 86, 84, 82 and 80% of total precipitated in the period, when the water table level was 1, 2, 5 and 8 m from the bottom of PGHidro, respectively, and the inicial recharge time is directly influenced by table level and rainfall distribution. In conclusion, the results showed the importance of considering infiltration wells in urban management, not only for direct runoff control but also as a source of groundwater recharge.
Validação de kit imunocromatográfico rápido para diagnóstico da Hepatite C
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-17)
Lima, Jéssica Caldeira de
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Thiemann, Otávio Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4933022274560322
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1179401876105619
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and usually asymptomatic in the acute phase. Globally, an estimated 71 million people are infected with HCV and approximately 400,000 deaths happen annually due to complications from the disease, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of anti-HCV antibodies, the Imuno-Rápido HCV, by comparing the performance of this product with a second commercially available test (Commercial A) with the same methodology and ELISA methodology (Murex anti-HCV 4.0, DiaSorin) considered gold standard. Tests for validation include repeatability and reproducibility analysis, real-time and accelerated stability analysis, clinical sensitivity and specificity measurements, and positive and negative predictive values. In this study, 383 samples characterized by ELISA methodology were included and, by comparing the results, the clinical sensitivity and specificity parameters, positive and negative predictive values for the immunochromatographic tests Imuno-Rápido HCV and Commercial A were measured. For both immunochromatographic tests, a value of 100% were found for clinical sensitivity and negative predictive value. Clinical specificity values were 99.7% for Imuno-Rápido HCV and 100% for Commercial A test and positive predictive values for these kits were 98.6% and 100%, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility analyzes showed concordant results in 100% of the tests, and real-time and accelerated stability assessments demonstrated the ability of the kit to maintain its proper functioning over time even under temperature stress, suggesting its ability to maintain stable for at least 18 months. These results corroborate the hypothesis that the Imuno-Rápido HCV has performance similar to commercially available kits that use the same methodology and is able to assist in the diagnosis of HCV infection safely and quickly, combined with easy execution and low cost.
Um retrato dos sentidos pessoais de bolsistas egressos do PIBID/Educação Especial/UFSCar sobre a atuação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-18)
Santos, Rafael
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5842035155208912
This is a documentary research, of a qualitative character, and aims to analyze and portray the personal meanings that the graduates of PIBID / UFSCar / Special Education attribute to the teaching activity, from their experiences as scholarships for Initiation to Teaching of that program. The research is based on theoretical contributions that concern the concepts: 1) Personal sense, according to the Historical-Cultural theory; 2) National Policy on Special Education from the Perspective of Inclusive Education; 3) The professional profile of the Special Education teacher; 4) Collaborative Partnership between University and School in the context of PIBID. It was conducted by the following question: What personal meanings did the alumni grant to the teaching activity, when writing their portfolios, while participating in the PIBID / UFSCar / Special Education subproject? The personal meanings were explained in portfolios' writings, especially with regard to the Thematic Axis: Discussions, reflections and development of learning situations and other curricular themes, from PIBID-UFSCar. The choice of the Thematic Axis is justified by the fact that it provides the investigation of learning situations within the classroom, where the contact of the scholarship holder and the target public of Special Education occurs. The portfolio is the instrument from which the data was collected and was a form of registration adopted by PIBID, with the purpose of systematizing the actions developed during the participation of the ID grantee in the program (BRASIL, 2013). We therefore selected three portfolios, which were organized, in principle, into five categories: 1) View of the fellow on inclusion; 2) PAEE student; 3) Curricular adaptations; 4) Strategies reached between regular classroom teacher and fellow and 5) Contribution to the initial training of the fellow. Subsequently, we summarized these categories in 3 categories due to the correspondence between them. The categories were arranged in: 1) Personal sense / View of the grantee about PIBID / Special Education; 2) Personal Meaning / Learning Situations lived in the classroom and 3) Personal Meaning / Contribution to Initial Training. When analyzing the available portfolios, we were able to list 5 categories for the Personal Senses of the 3 Graduated Fellows, namely: the fellowship's view on inclusion; PAEE student; curricular adaptations; strategies achieved between regular classroom teacher and fellow and contribution to the initial training of the fellow. Subsequently, we summarized these categories in 3 categories due to the correspondence between them. The categories, then, were arranged in: Personal sense / View of the grantee about PIBID / Special Education; Personal Sense / Learning Situations lived in the classroom and Personal Sense / Contribution to Initial Training. With the results obtained, we saw that the Scholars' Personal Sense are focused on the concept of co-teaching, shared and interdisciplinary work, curricular adaptation, practical training and concern for the PAEE student's emotional state in the context of the classroom, which contrasted with the strong presence of traditional teaching, concern with routine, order, repetition and memorization on the part of the conducting teachers, who, many times, delegated responsibility for the production and adequacy of the material adapted for the BEs, therefore , in all the analysis, it is evident the difficulties to carry out the collaborative work, and the importance of the horizontal dialogue between scholarship and conducting teacher. In the final remarks, we explained, in order to answer our research question, that the Alumni Fellows manifested their personal senses based on their written records in portfolios, concerning the teaching activity, when they were inserted in PIBID. Since, when going through the 03 categories listed, BE-1,2,3 highlighted the convergence of their actions in the face of concepts about the co-teacher, collaborative partnership, concern with the emotional state of the student in the context of the classroom providing support by curricular adaptation in the monitoring of the PAEE student within the classroom.
A linguagem escrita na pré-escola pela ótica docente: uma análise do Ciclo de Políticas na rede municipal de Rio Claro/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-19)
Gianez, Marina
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Tomazzetti, Cleonice Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4821077407620769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0813809165403154
The approach of written language in early childhood education has been over the decades causing differences of opinion among scholars in the area, as well as among teachers who work in this stage of education. Although the legal guidelines point the way for teachers to follow, they are open to interpretation in the context of practice. This led us to inquire about the interpretations that are present in the daily life of classrooms regarding the learning of written language. The purpose of this qualitative research, guided by the Policy Cycle Approach, was to investigate the teachers interpretations - focusing in classes with children from 5 to 6 years old - of the current official texts regarding the written language, in Rio Claro public schools. One of the methodological procedures used for the production of research data was the semi-structured interviews conducted in focus groups with the teachers of the classes in question. For this stage of the work, one school from each of the 12 regions was selected, according to the subdivisions made by the Municipal Secretariat of Education, totaling the participation of 38 teachers. In order to understand the context of influence and the context of text production, which resulted in the elaboration of the municipal document, we conducted a semi-structured interview with the Commission Coordinator responsible for the elaboration of the Curriculum Guidance for Rio Claro Early Childhood Education and with the Coordinator of Early Childhood Education of the municipality. These interviews, associated with the teachers' focus group interviews, allowed us to understand that the origin of the document was marked by studies and disputes of ideals. Also although the participation of the entire public school network - through the coordinating teachers - was desired, it did not go as expected, as many coordinating teachers did not share information about the document with their group of teachers. Besides that, we analysed the document of the schools to which the teachers participating in the research were linked (Pedagogical Political Project), as well as their respective documents (Annual Planning and Logbook).The information found in the documents was validated through focus group interviews and analysis of children's material (notebook activities, separate sheets and portfolios) in the context of school practice. According to the analysis of the research data, it was possible to verify four different interpretations of the same official text (Curriculum Guidance of Early Childhood Education of Rio Claro) about the work to be developed with the young children. According to which, the written language in the Early Childhood Education must: prepare for entry into Elementary School through mechanical practices and exercises that enable the memorization of letters and words; emphasize the social aspect of the child in the acquisition of the alphabetic writing system; prioritize the understanding of the social function of writing; and finally, to promote the initiative and exploration of the language written by the children. These different interpretations of the same official text, found in the context of school practice, lead us to reflect on the influence of teachers' experiences and conceptions on their pedagogical practices. Thus, the data produced in this research can serve for discussions in the area, as well as enable the municipality to understand the different interpretations of working with written language in early childhood education. From this understanding, the municipality can also propose collective actions aimed at improving the quality of public education offered to the young children.
Os povos indígenas e sua produção acadêmica no âmbito do Programa de Ações Afirmativas da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-19)
Momo, Margarida Etsuko Endo
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Carvalho, Angela Maria Carneiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9508589460122830
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Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843
This study analyzes and characterizes the monographs presented by native Brazilian people graduated between 2014 and 2017 who ingress on undergraduate courses through the Affirmative Actions Program of the National University of São Carlos. The objective was to verify which knowledge were brought by native Brazilian students of different ethnicities at their monographs and their collaboration to a greater respect of diversity and democracy in Brazil. Eight monographs were selected and read and according to the issues addressed it was analyzed the thematic focus, the theoretical and methodological references, the procedures adopted for data collection, the systematization of the results and the whole undergraduate process of each student. This analysis considers that in a democratic society the inclusion of minority citizens - e.g. the native Brazilian people – cannot rely only on their access to formal education and with their presence at the university, the education process should be modified valuing their culture, their knowledge and their lifestyle – opposing the commonly ethnocentric practice that has always sought to “civilize” them. It was possible to observe that regardless the undergraduate course most works presented themes valued by their ethnic groups – such as legends, myths, rites and games. In addition, it was observed that they used the traditional approaches of their culture to account of the history of their people and the struggles to delimitate and description of their lands and alternative ways to geographical localization.
A formação do pedagogo:a relação entre teoria e prática nas diretrizes curriculares do curso de pedagogia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-09-19)
Tagliavini, Maria Cristina Braga
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5225447539854964
This thesis, presented to the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of São Carlos, has as object of study the Curricular Guidelines for the major in Pedagogy, approved in 2006, the Resolution 1, CNE/CP and the Resolution 2, CNE/CP/2015, which also deal with pedagogue education. The aim of this thesis is to understand the history of creation and the development of Pedagogy majors in Brazil, as well as the theoretical-practical clashes concerning the curricular guidelines among educators and education specialists, especially in ANPEd, ANFOPE, ANPAE, ANDES and FORUMDIR. About the typology, this is a historical research, because it's object of study is inserted into a historical treatment of the conceptions and practices of the pedagogue education in Brazil's history of education. It is a bibliographical and documental research, since it seems to analyze what is already produced in different publications and documents (Constitution, Laws, Decrees, Legal Opinions, Resolutions etc). However, it is also an empirical research to the extent that it comes from the observation provided by all my experience in the area. Grounding itself on the results, in the light of the Marxist concept of "social praxis" and omnilateral education, and the concepts by Gramsci, especially the relations between the universal and the particular, his historicist conception of reality, of work as pedagogic principle, and my own experience as a teacher training student in High School, Pedagogy undergraduate student and education professional, the present research points out the limits of the Curricular Guidelines while shows an alternative to make this relation become fruitfully dialectic, forming educators not only instructed and technically competent, but also cult, able to form citizen students who are not passive but apt to take important roles in the society, towards it's transformation. Keywords: History of Pedagogy in Brazil. Pedagogy Curricular Guidelines. Theory and Practice