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Contribuições para um léxico-gramática das construções locativas do espanhol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-10-25) Rodrigues, Roana; Vale, Oto Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5277363935076195
Locative verbs establish a relation of localization between the elementary parts of a sentence: subject and complements (la mujer puso las llaves en la mesa). The aim of this work is to create a first version of a lexicon-grammar (GROSS, 1975) of the locative verbal constructions in Spanish. In order to do so, we first compare verbs classified as space found in the ADESSE database of verbs in Spanish (GARCÍA-MIGUEL et al., 2003), and the verbs classified as locative in the ViPEr database of verbs in Portuguese (BAPTISTA, 2013). From that intersection, 352 could potentially be part of the LGLE (Lexicon-Grammar of Locative verbs in Spanish). After thorough analysis of each lexeme, and with help of native Spanish speakers and a selection of sentences from the Web, 318 constructions were finally chosen for the LGLE. The words were classified into 10 categories, according to structural, distributional, and transformational properties, and organized into binary tables. For didactic purposes, we offer a general typology that separates the constructions into verbs with prepositions (vivió en Barcelona) and direct transitive verbs (ocupó el colegio). Beyond that, we list their main characteristics: restrictive verbs by omission (viajó -de Nicaragua- a Londres), restrictive verbs by toponymy (lo deportó a España), denominal verbs (encarceló al empresario) and phoric verbs (vino de Brasil). We also offer a brief comparative survey on locative verbal construction in Spanish and their equivalents in Portuguese, as available on ViPEr. The main divergences between the two languages are related to the false cognates and prepositions. The description of this phenomenon and its comparison the Portuguese language can contribute to the descriptive studies of natural languages, besides the application to other areas of knowledge, such as Natural Language Processing and teaching of Spanish and Portuguese as first and second languages.
Um modelo lean & green para a ecoeficiência em processos produtivos da construção civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-10-25) Rezende, Marilia de Oliveira; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133; Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5502941780454387
In Brazil, construction activities are fundamental for economic and social development. However, its importance is damaged by the intensive consumption of natural resources and use of energy. It is estimated that 50% of annual solid waste generated in Brazil comes from the civil construction, but few companies seek to change it. Therefore, it is desirable study ways to add value and reduce the environmental impacts while maintaining business viability of construction activities. Lean Construction (through Lean production) and Sustainable construction issues can solve these questions, but there are few studies that focus on integrated approach of Lean & Green with business perspective. In this sense, this study aims to propose a Lean & Green model for assessment of construction processes using eco-efficiency indicators. The model combined: Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and eco-efficiency indicators, in a cradle-to-handover perspective for seven categories of environmental impacts. The application of the model was done by a case study that considered the concrete frame and light steel framing (LSF) processes of the same high standard residence located in Sorocaba/SP. The results showed that the LSF had higher environmental impacts than concrete alternative in five of the seven evaluated categories. Nevertheless, under the analysis of eco-efficiency indicators, the LSF presented better indicators than concrete frame in four of the seven categories. To guiding decision-makers, the Lean & Green approach considers four possible results for the analysis of the indicators and provides recommendations on how to achieve the scenario of sustainable construction, which increases added value and reduces environmental impacts, maintaining business competitiveness. Finally, compared to other existing Lean & Green models from literature, the proposal of eco-efficiency indicators based on VSM + LCA was a differential of this study, as it brings new guidelines to make construction processes closer to the integrated sustainability needs.
Efeitos térmicos durante a foto-eletro-oxidação de glicerol catalisada por CdS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-10-25) Oliveira, Cristian Hessel de; Sitta, Elton; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326476348284298; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1960387014755134
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is one of the most important chalcogenides applied to water splitting, which has a band gap of 2.4 eV that suits very well with the solar spectrum. Moreover, CdS possesses a strong reduction activity for H+ to H2, which makes this material interesting as a cocatalyst with another material for water splitting. Unfortunately, the use of water as electron source (oxygen evolution reaction) is difficulted due to the high overpotential and sluggish kinetic. Thereby organic molecules, as glycerol, oxidation appears as an alternative anodic reaction once it has high power density, renewability and low cost. In this work we focused on the glycerol electro-oxidation reaction (GEOR) catalyzed by FTO/CdS decorated with Platinum above or between FTO/CdS films under visible light irradiation and from 15 to 35°C temperature range. The CdS film was deposited by chemical bath deposition and Pt were deposited from Pt2+ precursor. The films were characterized by Raman and UV spectroscopy, XRD and SEM techniques. Electrochemical experiments were conducted in a quartz window 3 electrodes glass cell, with same solution reversible hydrogen electrode as potential reference and a platinum plate as counter electrode. The measurements were performed in KOH 0.1 mol L-1 and glycerol 1.0 mol L-1 under 100 mW cm-2 light irradiation. The experiments showed that increasing temperature the photocurrent also increases, following the Arrhenius equation and resulting in an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 35, 35 and 26 kJ mol-1 for the FTO/CdS, FTO/CdS/Pt and FTO/Pt/CdS, respectively, for potential under 0.5 V. For potential above 0.6 V the Ea decreases linearly with the potential increasing, tendency which is observed when Pt electrode is used as catalyst and probably linked with GEOR. The above results suggest that glycerol is a candidate to replace water in the anodic process for H2 production, and that increasing the temperature the kinetics of the process is improved.