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Não era amor, era cilada: startups, coworkings e a mobilização do desejo pelo mundo do trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Zanon, Breilla Valentina Barbosa; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8464990782999411
The aim of this paper is to think about the ways in which it was possible to mobilize and adjust the workers’ subjectivity to the discourse and business literature taken as reference by the new forms of post-fordist management of the work. Through field observations, interviews with startups entrepreneurs located in coworking spaces and theoretical revision, we will try to understand how these new models of flexible work enable workers - especially those linked to the dimension of creative and immaterial work - to internalize discourses that connect their desires and affections to the dimension of the work. In this way, we want to 1st) demonstrate the convergence of the emergence of the first startup and coworking spaces, observing how, as a result, the coworking spaces collaborate to maintain the enterprising atmosphere of the startups and, 2nd) to answer in which ways the worker’s love in relation to the conditions and results of his work works as ideological “cement” for new forms of labor exploitation. In this exercise, we observe that the concept of alienation developed by Karl Marx takes on new dimensions from the mobilization of subjectivities, naturalizing the processes of expropriation and exploitation understood now as creativity and innovation. So bringing this whole context is important to understand the basis of our hypothesis today: the individual, a worker with flexible working models, does not consider himself disconnected from what he produces, but in other hand, he identifies himself so completely with his work that he ends up not knowing or even admitting the conditions of work to which it is subjected, in which daily days, weekly rest and personal life are subordinated to the needs of the realization of projects, in a daily life marked by instabilities, fragilities and precariousness. We work with the hypothesis that such subjectivity is related to a rationality where the worker becomes an entrepreneur and mobilizes their desires, affections and other subjective aspects in function of a higher productivity within the work. We understand that the spaces of coworking are privileged places to carry out the analyzes, since in these spaces we find a working model, as the startups, that are born from the economic and productive transformations and puts at stake a worker profile that, under flexible conditions of work, internalizes discourses and practices that increasingly blur the boundaries between his life and his work, thus softening situations of conflict and exploitation.
O efeito dos tratamentos térmicos na microestrutura e nas propriedades mecânicas de rodas automotivas fundidas a baixa pressão na liga A356
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Cruz, Daniel Vilela; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1460303966170981
The low-pressure die casting process to produce automotive aluminum alloy wheels is well known, and, in the last decades, has been consolidated as the most common way to produce light automotive wheels in large scale. The big competitiveness in this market associated with higher levels of performance required, pushes the companies to seek for process optimizations and cost reduction. In this project, different regions of aluminum alloy wheels, casted in A356 and solidified at different cooling rates, were assessed in terms of its mechanical and microstructural properties in different steps of the manufacturing process, from as casted condition until final painted wheel; the impact of different periods of solution treatment as well as the effects exerted by the painting ovens on these properties were also evaluated. A great reliance was observed between the mechanical properties obtained and the primary and secondary microstructural refinement degrees, similar regions such as the outer and inner flanges of the wheel, cooled at similar rates and, with almost equal refinement degree and SDAS values, have shown practically the same results of elongation and mechanical resistance on all process phases evaluated. Inferior values of elongation and mechanical resistance were found for the wheel spoke, mainly due to its less refined as cast microstructure solidified at lower rates. The solution treatment was found a key process phase in order to transform the Si for the wheels to achieve minimum values of elongation, and the ageing treatment allied with the painting ovens has given the necessary resistance for the product to be applied in the field. The results found delineated a general process panorama and might be used for actual and future manufacturing process optimizations.
A atuação da legislação ambiental na implementação de reservas legais: uma análise para a região central do estado de São Paulo no período de 35 anos (1983-2018)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Amorim, Lia Martucci de; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0409424166730354
The compliance with the Environmental Legislation during the implementation of Legal Reserves for the territorial limits of 23 municipalities located in the Central Region of the State of São Paulo, over the period of 35 years, was analyzed. The analysis was based on the development of a georeferenced database of Legal Reserves numbers and areas, between 1983 and 2013, under Federal Law n° 4.771/1965, and between 2013 and 2018, associated with the implementation of Federal Law n° 12.651/2012 and of the Rural Environmental Registry. The inventory of Legal Reserves numbers and areas, for the period of 1983-2013, was obtained from the consultation of the Integrated Environmental Management System (SIGAM), used by the São Paulo State Secretariat of Infrastructure and Environment (SIMA) for management and administrative proceedings. For the period of 2013-2018, the data were obtained from the consultation of the digital database of the São Paulo State Rural Environmental Registry System (SiCAR-SP). Between 1983 and 2013, 854 Legal Reserves with a total extension of 54,950ha were implemented for the territorial boundaries of the 23 municipalities in the Central Region of the State of São Paulo. Between 2013 and 2018 (September), a total of 4,550 Legal Reserves were potentially identified, equivalent to a total area of 146,444ha. Over the 35-year period (1983-2018), the São Carlos municipality had the highest number of registrations (524) and total area (22,208.04ha), while the municipality of Águas de São Pedro presented the smallest total area (24.07ha) and number of records (02) of Legal Reserves. The spatial cumulative scenario of the total areas of Legal Reserves in 2018, for the municipalities in the study area, highlighted São Carlos (30%), Ibaté (30%) and Trabiju (52%) with the highest percentages of municipality area defined as Legal Reserve, i.e., the municipalities that displayed the highest compliance with the environmental legislation. On the other hand, the Itaju (3%), Jaú (7%) and Bariri (7%) municipalities presented scenarios that were critically compromised with regards to the deficit of protected area in rural properties, due to the lower percentages of agricultural areas potentially protected in the form of Legal Reserve. An effective indicator for the government to act in relation to the fragility or administrative failure of these municipalities to comply with the environmental legislation. Although not all areas declared as Legal Reserves in SiCAR in 2018 represent a real implemented scenario, a potential increase of 432% in the number and of 170% in the extension area (ha) of Legal Reserves was estimated to Central Region of the State of São Paulo, between 2013 and 2018. These results show a trajectory that points to the increase in the amount of native vegetation in the study area, especially in terms of the number and extent of legally protected areas configured as Legal Reserves. This was especially true for the period of 2013-2018, when the values were more expressive, presenting a positive trend for regional environmental conservation. This research supports and highlights the effectiveness of environmental legislation, together with environmental enforcement, as responsible pressure factors in controlling deforestation and restoration of degraded areas of the State of São Paulo.
Adaptação transcultural e validação da escala Evaluación de las Necesidades Familiares para uso com famílias brasileiras de crianças e adolescentes com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Nunes, Ana Célia; Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1558444450360823
In Brazil, there are few studies that investigate the support needs of families that have handicap children in their daily context. There are few instruments as well that try to identify and evaluate the support needs level in the areas of family life that influence the family’s well-being in a certain moment of life. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and the validation of the Evaluación de las Necesidades Familiares – ENF scale for the use with families of children and adolescents with disabilities. This is an instrument with the potential to help the families and their service providers to identify the needs and to make decisions that result in measures of support and quality of family life. To this end, two studies were performed: the first one was cross-sectional, multicenter and methodological of cross-cultural adaptation of the scale for its usage in Brazil. The second study was about the validation of the scale, which is also multicenter, cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive and correlational, with a quantitative approach. The cross-cultural adaptation study was held in six stages (translation, reconciliation, back-translation, specialist’s evaluations, cognitive unfolding and pre-test) that resulted in a scale called Avaliação das Necessidades da Família – ANF in Portuguese, with 49 items and with an excellent index of internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alfa coefficient of 0.98). These items were obtained from analysis performed in the Software SPSS 21 version, with a sample of 38 families of children and adolescent with disabilities between 0 and 18 years old, residents in four Brazilian cities (São Paulo-SP, Santos-SP, Lagarto-SE and Maceió-AL). For the validation study of the Brazilian version of ENF two more instruments were used: the Escala de Qualidade de Vida Familiar (QdVF Brasil), used to verify the validation of criterion of ANF, is an instrument that has 25 questions that evaluate the family satisfaction in the last 12 months in a series of family activities; and the Questionário de Identificação da Família, that was made by the researchers to obtain the socioeconomic data of the participants. In this study participated 151 families of children and adolescents with disability, between 0 and 18 years old, residents in four Brazilian cities (São Paulo-SP, Santos-SP, Pelotas-RS e Maceió-AL), in which 130 of them were part of the main sample and 21 participated in the test retest. For the data analysis, it was used the Software R (The R project for Statistical Computing) 3.6.1 version. The structure of the scale validation process is indicated as valid from a structure obtained from the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), that confirmed a final model for the ANF with 46 items distributed in seven dimensions (education, family life, community life, leisure time, economy, acquisition and management of products and services and health and emotional well-being) with a good index of data adjustment (RMSEA = 0.041 e SRMR = 0.063), satisfactory convergent validity (rs (130) = -0.27, p < 0,001) and excellent index of reliability obtained (Cronbach’s Alfa = 0.92 and McDonald’s Omega = 0.94) and reaffirmed by the test retest technique (R1F = 0.98). From the obtained results it can be said that the ANF is valid and trustworthy to evaluate the necessities of the Brazilian families of children and adolescents with disability under 18 years old.
Estudo da corrosão atmosférica do aço AISI 1020 usando a técnica de ruído eletroquímico e microscopia óptica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Fraga, Eduardo Fagiani; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5044362786141483
The objective of this work was to study the corrosion of AISI 1020 exposed in an atmosphere containing acetic acid (HAc) vapor. Electrochemical noise (RE) oscillations and surface micrographs of the samples were obtained simultaneously during the corrosion process for 2000 s. A potentiostat/galvanostat was used to acquire the RE signals. Two identical AISI 1020 steel electrodes were used as working electrodes and another AISI 304 steel electrode as a pseudo-reference. For electrochemical measurements, a sealed glass cell saturated with HAc vapor was used. The cell has a flat bottom which has been adapted in an optical microscope (MO) to obtain steel surface images at 6 frames/min rate. Atmospheres formed from solutions containing 0.0%, 1.0%, 50.0% and 100% (V/ V) HAc showed different types of corrosive processes indicating different corrosion mechanisms. For solutions containing 1.0% (V/V), 50.0% (V/V) and 100% HAc the current transient amplitudes were in the order of 9.2 pA, 50.0 pA, 62.0 pA and 57.0 pA respectively. The results were analyzed by Wavelet Transforms (TO) and the results were organized in an energy distribution diagram (EDP) where the energies are arranged in 8 decomposition levels (d1-d8). For atmospheric experiments using solutions containing 1.0% HAc the energy distribution is concentrated at the highest levels (d5-d8) where the process is characterized by localized corrosion. This information is confirmed by the images obtained in situ, which showed the formation of pits. The EDP data for the experiments performed from 50.0% HAc solutions showed a concentrated energy distribution at the ends of the diagram (d1 and d8). In this experiment, through the obtained images it is possible to notice that, after the steam condensation, there is a generalized corrosion formation on the electrode surface followed by the formation of corrosion products. However, in an exact simulation with the same conditions as above, the electrode surface was sanded and thus it was observed that pitting also occurred. Finally, experiments using 100% HAc solutions showed an increase in the concentration of the relative energy distribution at levels d1 and d2 and a smaller relative energy distribution for the other levels. In situ images show more intense corrosion after the initial 700 s of the experiment. With the successful analysis, localized corrosion and generalized corrosion were contacted. The use of the RE technique combined with TO and OM proved to be effective in a short time to evaluate and classify the corrosive process.
Classe de modelos de fragilidade com efeito do acúmulo de reparos em múltiplos sistemas reparáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) D'Andrea, Amanda Morales Eudes; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1678613581879501
In repairable systems, a fundamental aspect to be considered is predict the reliability of the systems being studied. However, the standard methods used to analyze reparable system data ignore the cumulative effect of stopping time to the repair and the heterogeneity of systems. Thus, this work explores a general class of frailty models in repairable systems that uses a term that allows to verify the effect of the accumulation of the occurrence of repairs and a term of frailty, characterized by the use of a random effect, that is, an unobservable random variable that represents information that could not or was not observed. The inferential method to estimate the parameters will be shown to models in repairable systems under minimal repair. For the proposed methodology, it will be considered simulation studies and applications to a sugarcane harvesters data set and a dump truck data set.
Fisica em Quadrinhos: material de apoio ao professor utilizando Histórias em Quadrinhos no ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Alvares, Valéria; Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277; Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4806532733616721
Students generally do not feel very close to physics and consider it beyond their realities and capabilities. Physics teachers can use various teaching techniques to try desmistifying this and presenting scientific knowledge in a more palatable and accessible way to students. In a world with so much technology from scientific studies that is increasingly embedded in everyday life, it is helpful to learn the principles of physics involved in these subjects and make them natural. The product described here is simple to use and could be used for engaging students in the subjects covered, as well as promoting peer interaction, which can be very helpful in teaching. Comic books can be a didactic tool, providing interesting learning resources according to Vygotsky's theories, the theorist chosen to guide the theme in question. The application of the product can be done in all grades of elementary school, from the early years to the end. We describe a teaching process that values the development of higher mental processes using thought language or written thought, materialized in comics that express internalized concepts or signs. Peer interaction is valued during the creative process, which can enhance the social aspects of those involved and promote scientific teaching using popular tools that bring ordinary people closer together.
A influência das práticas de gestão do conhecimento sobre a capacidade de improvisação: survey em empresas de base tecnológica (EBTS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Maganha, Murilo Roberto Jesus; Silva, Sérgio Luis da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4164265591178698; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6139819956974982
The main goal of this research is to identify the influence of knowledge management practices in supporting organizational improvisation. The literature review identified the occurrence of relationship between knowledge management and improvisation in organizational environments. Although the publications point to a close interaction between the two central themes - knowledge management and organizational improvisation, this relationship is not well defined by the literature yet, there are few researches about the subject, particularly empirical, and it is considered a recent issue in the business environment. Some researches that have related the aspects and characteristics of knowledge management, have not approach yet on their various knowledge management practices that support improvisation and the correlation between constructs. To identify and understand the relationship between the two themes, an empirical research was developed through quantitative research (survey), by sending a multiple choice questionnaire with likert scale, to 137 (one hundred and thirty seven) employees (tactical and strategic level) of technology-based companies, which are part of the PIPE / FAPESP program of the State of Sao Paulo. Descriptive, correlation, multivariate, anova, factor analysis and reliability test techniques were used to analyze the relationship between knowledge management practices and improvisation variables, which validated the central hypothesis. The result, along with statistical evidence (within the limits of the conceptual model of the research), allowed us to state that the practices of knowledge management, influence organizational improvisation, most part positively, but moderately.
Relações entre propriedades de rigidez de madeiras do grupo das folhosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Almeida, João Paulo Boff; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8939248001004613
For a correct timber structures design, it is necessary to know the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Among these properties, the modulus of elasticity is highly important, in view of its use in the Ultimate Limit State (ULS - stability) and the Serviceability Limit State (SLS – excessive deformation) safety checks. In Brazil, the Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 7190 establishes the test methods to obtain these properties, however, the premises require procedures performed in specialized and high-cost laboratories. In the impossibility of determining experimental results, the normative document itself establishes relation between mechanical properties, aiming to simplify the characterization of the material. But, the relation prescribed between the modulus of elasticity in compression (Ec0) and parallel tension to the grain (Et0) [Ec0 = Et0] makes no distinction between hardwoods and softwoods. In addition, the current relation between the Ec0 and the modulus of elasticity in bending (EM) [EM = 0.90∙Ec0] was based on the ancient normative reference MB-26: 1940 (Brazilian Standard NBR 6230) which determined different specimens dimensions on bending test, conditioning to another calculation model (Timoshenko’s beams theory) and not to the one used by the Brazilian standard (Euler Bernoulli’s beams theory). In this context, this research aimed to investigate, through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the effectiveness of the relations among stiffness properties prescribed by the Brazilian Standard for hardwoods, as well as verifying, through regression models, the possibility of estimating Ec0, Et0 and EM by of density at 12% moisture content (ρap,12%). To this end, defect-free specimens from ten hardwoods species were adopted. The ANOVA results showed that Ec0 and Et0 were statistically equivalent, and relation between EM and 0.90∙Ec0 was not statistically equivalent, implying the determination of the ideal coefficient equal to 0.98 by the least squares method. This coefficient was 8.89% higher than the Brazilian standard. In addition, all regression models tested were significant and with well adjust. The linear regression model resulted in the best fit in the estimate of Ec0(ρap,12%) and Et0(ρap,12%) with coefficient of determination (R²) equal to 80.71% and 84.95%, respectively. While the logarithmic model was the most accurate in estimating the EM(ρap,12%) with R² equal to 86.62%. These results showed the possibility of estimating the stiffness properties by the density at 12% moisture content.
A camada serapilheira-solo em áreas de reflorestamento de matas ciliares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Bachega, Luciana Ruggiero; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2002551549073090
Deforestation of native forests results in changes in the ecological functions of terrestrial ecosystems such nutrient cycling. Riparian forests link terrestrial and aquatic environments and thus play an important role in the functioning biogeochemical cycles. The litter-soil layer is the main driver of the nutrient cycling and its return to the system through decomposition, which is the mineralization of organic matter. This process is performed by microorganisms and is affected by litter chemical composition, the environmental conditions of temperature and humidity, and soil attributes, including physical and chemical attributes. Thus, parameters such as litter decomposition and soil properties like fertility and microbial community can be used to indicate ecosystem recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the litter-soil layer in riparian forest reforestation areas as a parameter to evaluate ecological succession in watersheds in reforested streams in the region of São Carlos. Six reforested areas and two control areas were selected for monitoring litter deposition, decomposition and chemical composition. The vegetation structure and soil attributes in these areas were also evaluated and characterized. The vegetation structure presented a good fit with soil properties in the soil litter layer. Thus, the ecosystem service of nutrient cycling in riparian forests is restored as vegetation develops. The results of this study can contribute to indicate parameters for the implementation of future restoration projects and for the better management of restored areas
A legislação ambiental e seus efeitos no controle dos danos ambientais e na recomposição de áreas legalmente protegidas: uma análise no período de 1987 – 2018 para a região central do estado de São Paulo (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Andrade, Valéria Aparecida David; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3670983179532074
Several laws, at national and state scope, have been instituted for environmental assessment aiming at reducing the damage resulting from the replacement of native vegetation by anthropic agricultural and non-agricultural areas, as well as the obligation to recompose deforested areas. This study analyzed the effectiveness of the legislation and environmental inspection of the State São Paulo in relation to the assessment, prevention and recovery of environmental damage, within the territorial boundaries of 23 municipalities of the Central Region of the State São Paulo, based in a quantitative inventory of the Environmental Infringement Registration (EIRs) and Environmental Recovery Commitment Terms (ERCTs), drafted over the 31-year period (1987-2018). A total of 1,863 EIRs and, respectively, 1,207 signed ERCTs were quantified, with 61% of EIRs related to legally protected areas categorized as Permanent Preservation Areas. In the period from 2008 to 2018, a total assessment area equivalent to 1,753.05 ha was estimated, of which 1,107.71 ha covered with native vegetation; 65.92 ha sent for regularization via environmental licensing, and 664.53 ha related to native vegetation recovery procedures based on signed ERCTs. The municipalities considered potentially susceptible or critically compromised due to the higher values of EIRs and assessment areas (ha) were, respectively, São Carlos (188; 490.31 ha), Ibitinga (90; 301.62 ha), and Araraquara (85; 100.44 ha), over the 10 year period (2008 - 2018). In a potentially susceptible opposite situation, the municipalities of Bocaina (2; 0.18 ha), Águas de São Pedro (4; 0.68 ha), and Nova Europa (2; 0.99 ha) were identified. The increase in Gross Domestic Product values, and the change in land use related to increases in agricultural anthropic area and native vegetation area were pressure vectors directly related to the number of EIRs registrations, over the 31-year period (1987-2018). The number of environmental enforcement agencies in the study area did not directly influence the number of EIA registrations.The results obtained highlight the effectiveness of environmental legislation in its satisfactory regulatory capacity, with reference to what is real and true, with concern to the EIRs and ERCTs quantifying, within the territorial boundaries of the 23 municipalities of the Central Region of the state of São Paulo, over the 31 year period (1987-2018). It also indicates that the improvement of environmental inspection procedures inhibits the occurrence of new damage, as an essential tool for the effective control of deforestation and the recovery of environmentally degraded areas.
Educação de surdos indígenas em uma comunidade Pankararu no interior de Pernambuco: educação bilíngue, educação inclusiva ou o quê?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-12-13) Silva, Bruno Henrique da; Cabello, Janaina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4349074907357325; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6180833680618800
This work presents the reality of the education of indigenous deaf people from a Pankararu ethnic community, located in the interior of the state of Pernambuco, based on interviews with two deaf people and their families. We discussed, from the reports of family members and the difficulty of interviewing the indigenous deaf students themselves in LIBRAS, how education for these students has been proposed in the village (quite distantly from what is provided for by the legislation, specifically by law 10.436 of 2002 and by Decree 5,626 of 2005, which ensure the recognition of LIBRAS as a language and guarantee the access of deaf people to education). Questioning the ways in which the education of the deaf indigenous of this Pankararu community has been carried out, based on the studies of bilingual education for the deaf and the work of the professional translator and interpreter of LIBRAS in the educational sphere, we intend to highlight how much the training of professionals (including and mainly indigenous) in this sense, so that inclusive bilingual education can, in fact, take place within indigenous communities.