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Um estudo de caso sobre metodologias ativas em projetos com alunos de ensino médio no contexto de videoaulas para surdos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020) Schefer, Ricardo Pezzotti; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3441720719834089; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
Os alunos surdos de ensino médio apresentam grande dificuldade para acompanhar os conteúdos das aulas. Em grande parte, esse problema se deve pela falha na comunicação, tendo em vista que a maioria desses jovens utiliza a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) para se comunicar e têm dificuldade com o português. Ainda que haja leis que garantam recursos de acessibilidade, como a presença de intérpretes em sala de aula, a realidade das escolas é bem diferente. De outro lado, as tecnologias avançam proporcionando melhores formas de comunicação. Porém o aluno de Ensino Médio, ainda que conheça tais tecnologias, não as conhece o suficiente para fazer o uso adequado das mesmas. As metodologias ativas empregadas em caráter interdisciplinar e orientadas pelo professor podem garantir o uso adequado dessas tecnologias em prol de um melhor ensino-aprendizado. Este projeto apresenta um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de empregar metodologias ativas na construção de videoaulas para alunos surdos. Os resultados apresentaram um grande engajamento do aluno, em particular pelo caráter de acessibilidade da situação problema e pelas dinâmicas trabalhadas em grupos.
A atuação do bibliotecário no ensino de competência informacional com o uso de metodologias ativas de ensino aprendizagem: uma pesquisa bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020) Maia, Cristina Marchetti; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1014901643633740; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
As bibliotecas desempenham um papel pedagógico fundamental na formação de competências informacionais nos indivíduos, ao fornecer mecanismos para o desenvolvimento de competências informacionais, visando o domínio de técnicas e a independência do indivíduo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender e contextualizar as Metodologias Ativas (MAs) de ensino-aprendizagem, buscando uma reflexão crítica sobre o uso delas na formação de Competência Informacional em instituições de ensino superior. Foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica com análise de conteúdo das publicações recuperadas. Foram selecionadas para análise 23 publicações entre 2015 e 2019. As abordagens de MAs recuperadas foram: Sala de Aula Invertida, Aprendizagem Baseada em Pesquisa, Instrução por Pares, Aprendizagem Baseada em Atividade, Aprendizagem Baseada em Projeto, Aprendizagem Baseada em Problema, Design Retroativo, Método Cefalônico, Minute Paper e Storytelling. Os níveis de satisfação foram bons nos grupos em que foram aplicadas as MAs e os pontos positivos foram: aumento de interesse, colaboração e interação dos alunos, assim como aumento do nível de confiança para realizar as atividades propostas. A exceção foi um relato de Aprendizagem Baseada em Atividade que expôs de forma clara que não obteve os resultados esperados, em comparação com o uso de palestras. A partir das discussões e propostas feitas nesta pesquisa, espera-se que os profissionais da área possam repensar sobre seus conhecimentos pedagógicos que envolvem a criação e manutenção de programas de Competência Informacional, apoiando a prática profissional sobre metodologias de ensino promovidas pelos bibliotecários.
Revistas científicas em acesso aberto brasileiras no DOAJ: modelos de negócio e sua sustentabilidade financeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020) Pereira, Vinicius; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9021530588639973
No acesso aberto, é possível constatar uma grande variedade de modelos de negócio. O propósito desta pesquisa foi mapear os modelos de negócio das revistas científicas em acesso aberto brasileiras no Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) com ênfase em sua sustentabilidade financeira. Como método de pesquisa, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico e documental, com coleta de dados, observando os existentes e possíveis tipos de modelo de negócio para as revistas em acesso aberto. Os dados foram classificados conforme campo do conhecimento coberto pela revista. A análise foi feita baseada no contexto da publicação científica no Brasil, na literatura e nas informações obtidas com os periódicos. Os resultados apontam a prevalência de três modelos de negócio no Brasil, relacionados às taxas de processamento dos artigos. Observou-se que a cobrança das taxas ainda é pouco utilizada no Brasil. Sobre os valores cobrados pelas Article Processing Charges (APCs), observou-se grande variabilidade, apontando uma ausência de valores de referência. Conclui-se que a predominância do financiamento externo demonstra vulnerabilidade econômica dos periódicos. A adoção do modelo de negócio misto, de financiamento externo aliado à cobrança de taxas, mostrou-se como alternativa momentânea, mas o acesso aberto exige uma reformulação de seus modelos de negócio.
Uso do inglês como estratégia de internacionalização da produção científica em Ciências Sociais Aplicadas: estudo de caso na SciELO Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020) Cintra, Paulo Roberto; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; Silva, Marco Donizete Paulino da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4162331040612067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474293377346927
O inglês é visto como a “língua franca” da ciência, pois oferece a possibilidade para que pesquisadores de todos os países possam se comunicar e trocar informações por meio do mesmo idioma. Há uma tendência crescente da publicação de artigos na língua inglesa, reflexo do esforço de cientistas, instituições de ensino e periódicos de países não anglófonos em prol da internacionalização das suas produções científicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se artigos em inglês, publicados em periódicos da coleção SciELO Brasil, e pertencentes às áreas das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, tendem a receber mais citações dentro do SciELO Citation Index, índice de citações integrado à Web of Science, da empresa Clarivate Analytics. Para tanto, foram coletados metadados e número de citações de artigos publicados em 19 periódicos selecionados. Como resultado, verificou-se que há uma tendência à internacionalização científica, considerando o aumento do número de artigos publicados na língua inglesa ao longo dos anos. No entanto, em 14 periódicos, os artigos publicados somente na língua portuguesa ou espanhola foram os que apresentaram a maior média de citações, quando comparados aos demais idiomas. Como conclusão, aponta-se que, para a área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, os artigos publicados em inglês tendem a ser menos citados dentro do SciELO Citation Index. Logo, ainda que o propósito seja dar maior visibilidade internacional às publicações brasileiras, em alguns casos, o fator idioma, como elemento isolado, não se mostra capaz de alterar o impacto desses documentos
Mitigação e compensação dos impactos socioambientais da usina hidrelétrica de belo monte em comunidades indígenas da região de Altamira (PA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020) Garcia, Cairê de Almeida; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8487634805306886
Develop actions and act in socio-environmental activities aimed at mitigating the impacts caused by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant in the indigenous communities of Altamira (PA). • Assist in the elaboration of participatory community projects based on the demands of the studied indigenous communities, foreseen in the PBA - CI; • Assist in the preparation of documents for indigenous associations (minutes, technical documents, projects and reports) in the communities studied / institution; • Develop participatory methodologies to support actions in indigenous communities; • Develop teaching materials to structure and encourage indigenous participation during actions in the communities.
Desenhando o campo da matemática: aplicação dos conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu na Educação Matemática.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01) Vilela, Denise Silva; Farias, José Vilani de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447633775917499; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-3420; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301
A partir da teoria sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu e das pesquisas em Educação Matemática apresentamos, nesse artigo, uma interpretação da Matemática enquanto campo: com suas leis, agentes, capitais, disputas, gostos e distinções. Nosso objetivo foi desenhar o campo da matemática, a partir da análise de um Programa de mestrado profissional em matemática em rede nacional (Profmat). Esse programa foi idealizado e implantado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática e pelo Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada, instituições que, reconhecidas por desenvolver pesquisa de alto nível em matemática, não são reconhecidas no âmbito das pesquisas em formação de professores. A investigação sociológica, realizada mediante a elaboração da noção de campo, permitiu uma compreensão do Profmat como uma estratégia de valorização de uma prática Matemática e uma compreensão da Matemática enquanto um espaço hierarquizado de agentes em disputa pelo direito de definir o que é matemática e quem tem distinção suficiente para defini-la.
Expositions of “degenerate” art and music in Nazi Germany: reflections on totalitarian aesthetics and education
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020) Roitberg, Guilherme Prado; Baptista, Fabiana Maria; Gomes, Luiz Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993968379492241
During the Third Reich (1933-1945), Nazi intellectuals conceived the music and the plastic arts as elements that form moral values, which can corrupt education and compromise political and social life. From the theoretical formulation of a totalitarian aesthetic, every art considered "degenerate" was censored and exposed as an example of immorality. Inaugurated in 1937, the exhibitions Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art) and Entartete Musik (Degenerate Music) brought to the city of Munich works related to modernism, Bolshevism, as well as the artistic production of black people, Jews and Soviets. Based on a bibliographic research supported by the Critical Theory of Society, this article analyzes the content of those exhibitions, demonstrating the pedagogical role of art in the formation of the moral values of German society from the perspective of Nazi intellectuals.
Análise teórica e computacional de processos estocásticos inspirados em sistemas biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-06) Pimentel, Carlos Eduardo Hirth; Rodriguez, Pablo Martin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6412853511887386; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469536192592999
The aim of this work is to present two methodologies based on the theoretical and computational analysis of continuous time stochastic processes inspired by biological systems, whose dynamics are influenced by the stochastic nature of their constituent entities. In the first part, we studied a particle system called the frog model (MS), in which there are two types of particles: the inactive and the active, so that each active particle runs a random walk, running through a finite graph $ \G $. Among the quantities of interest we have the proportions of each possible state over time and the final proportion of vertices visited or not visited by active particles. In this part of the thesis, we look for information about this proportion for different finite graphs. The effectiveness of the modeling techniques were analyzed using the following three approaches: Density-dependent Markov chains method (CMDD), approaching the mean field approaches (ACM) and computer simulations (SC). In the first two theoretical cases, their systems of equations were also obtained at a deterministic limit. These approaches were evaluated for the complete graphs $ \mathcal{K}_n $, complete bipartites graphs $ \mathcal{K}_{n_1, n_2} $, and for the cyclic graphs $ C_{n, c} $. The comparative results suggest a relationship between the density of the graph and the performance of the approaches in the MS and in this case, indicate that the three approaches are suitable for the M.S. for densely connected graphs. For cases considered sparse, the computational approach SC was presented as the most indicated. In the Part \ref{part: EDE_pred_presa}, a model based on stochastic differential equations is applied, using an ecological system consisting of a predator specialized in hunting a type of prey, only in its adult stage. Parallel to this, we assume that the predator's mortality rate is affected by a randomness of the environment. We discuss the influence of this premise on the dynamic behavior of the model through a theoretical and computational analysis and show that the stochastic differential equations provide a more adequate model for this system.
Análise da eficiência energética de uma unidade habitacional em cenários de ocupação urbana em Araraquara-SP, sob a optica do RTQ-C
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-08) Costa, Orlando Pereira da; Masiero, Érico; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5520702740368665
The shading caused by the built volumetry and the verticalization of buildings in an urban area, can affect the levels of human comfort. The organization of elements built to control comfort levels is a design strategy for urban space, and should be considered by the actors involved in construction, such as architects, engineers, electricians, entrepreneurs and unique users, who can change with their performance or performance . energy of the building. The surrounding elements are built, they must also be used by the designers, making the best use of natural lighting and ventilation and shading. The aim of this study is to assess the level of energy efficiency of an isolated housing unit subject to avocado shading by different urban density scenarios. The envelope protected from the interior of the building, therefore, the more exposed to the interior of the building, the greater the thermal exchange allowed between the interior and the exterior. The quality of the construction of the Envelope and its materials can increase thermal levels, causing greater heat gains in climates, higher temperatures and environmental damage, affecting the levels of environmental comfort. The method was based on the evaluation of the microclimate behavior of the Vila Harmonia resource in Araraquara SP, in the elaboration of an urban occupation scenario and in the application of the certification process certified by the Technical Quality Regulation - RTQ-C, to determine an economic method of a hypothetical housing unit, according to its classification in efficiency levels and the possible impacts of shading on its energy performance. The results showed that the environmental changes caused by possible transformations of the urban space in this case study were positive and contributed to reaching the “A” level of energy efficiency. As vertical buildings in the surroundings, they act as a great breeze, shading the roof, walls and openings. Urban environment developers can use the Methodology for Neighborhood Impact Study as a tool for new projects, thus inserting a shadow projection into horizontal or vertical housing units, using a better economic way of undertaking, and mitigating negative impacts.
Separação espacial de fases no modelo de seis vértices
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-14) Passos, Ingryd Rodrigues dos; Ribeiro, Giuliano Augustus Pavan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7955854896355856; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2026155318108602
In this work, we have studied the six-vertex model with domain wall and reflecting end boundary conditions, focusing mainly on the influence of boundary conditions on the thermodynamic limit. In order to find a complete analytical description for the so-called arctic curves, we have investigated three types of boundary correlations. These correlations were later used in two different methods designed to find the curves.
Qualidade de vida de famílias que têm filhos com deficiência intelectual leve associada ao transtorno do espectro do autismo leve
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-14) Borilli, Marcela Cesaretti; Melo, Débora Gusmão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2587800992546559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7721678526660265
Introduction: Intellectual Disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often concomitant childhood developmental disorders, which impact on the dynamic and the family quality of life. Objectives: This research assessed the impact of mild ID associated with mild ASD in the family quality of life (FQoL). Methods: This is cross-sectional and descriptive research that analyzed 69 families with children with mild ID and ASD, confirmed by WISC-IV and CARS, respectively, ranging from 6 to 16 years old (9.5±2.6). Data were collected by conducting face-to-face questionnaires including sociodemographic and clinical information, the functional Barthel and Lawton & Brody indexes and the Beach Center FQoL Scale. For statistical analysis, parametric tests were used (t test, ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman linear correlations, and linear regression), considering that the dependent variable (FQoL) showed a normal distribution. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The people with ID and ASD had an average score of 88.19±11.53 in the Barthel index, indicating moderate dependence on basic activities of daily living; and had an average score of 2.13±0.89 in the Lawton & Brody index, indicating severe dependence in the instrumental activities of daily living. The total FQoL average score (3.561±0.337) was lower than the scores of the “family interaction” (3.908±0.420; p<0.001), “parenting” (3.785±0.348; p<0.001) and “disability-related support” (3.975±0.161; p<0,001) domains, and higher than the scores of the “physical/material well-being” (3.194±0.642; p<0.001) and “emotional well-being” (2.750±0.620; p<0.001) domains. The multiple correlation showed that the parents’ marital condition, monthly family income, family religious practice and effective communication skills among the individual with ID and ASD were predictors of the FQoL (R2=0.407; p<0.001). Conclusions: The FQoL was negatively impacted by emotional well-being and physical and material conditions. We suggest adopting measures to improve these two dimensions of FQoL and reducing family burden in the care of children with ID and ASD. The FQoL also may be improved through actions that encourage effective communication of children with ID and ASD. These results may contribute for building a full support services care for patients with ID and ASD, and their families, in the Brazilian Unified Health System.
Benefícios de projetos Lean Seis Sigma em uma empresa do setor de eletroportáteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-15) Doray, Thiago Henrique; Mergulhão, Ricardo Coser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0598720328915137
Among the main success factors that companies must take into account, the search for ever higher standards of productivity, quality and process control stands out. In this perspective, the objective of this work is to present an analysis of the benefits of projects based on the Lean Six Sigma approach, taking as a case study a multinational company in the sector of small appliances in Brazil. This method consists of the integration of elements of Lean Manufacturing, which aim to rationalize value flows by reducing waste, to the Six Sigma precepts, which attempt to systematize, analyze and control variation in processes - aiming at obtaining superior quality. This work is guided by a case study on the changes made to the accommodation of Lean Six Sigma in monitoring performance in such a company, based on the structure of a dashboard of performance indicators - adopted for visualization of the main processes - as well as well as the benefits of developed improvement projects.
Influência da adição de cério na microestrutura e comportamento de oxidação de aços inoxidáveis Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni com efeito de memória de forma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-15) Silva, Rodrigo da; Sordi, Vitor Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940; Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3763016865133213
In this study, the influence of small cerium additions on the microstructure and oxidation behavior of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory stainless steels (SMSSs) was investigated. The results show that the Ce addition in the alloy promotes a decrease in grain size and the formation of both Ce-containing oxide inclusions as well as secondary phase particles. The fraction of thermal martensite-ε decreases with increasing Ce content in the alloy. On the other hand, the MI temperature increases with the Ce content to values above the room temperature. The shape memory effect (SME) enhances with Ce additions in the alloy of 0.18 and 0.42 wt.%. However, the Ce addition of 0.96 wt.% degrades SME. The oxidation resistance of the tested alloy increases significantly with increasing Ce content. Nevertheless, the Ce addition of 0.96 wt.% decreases relatively to the oxidation resistance. The restrict parabolic law is only observed for alloys containing 0.18 and 0.42 wt.% of Ce. The oxide layer formed after 120 h of oxidation is composed of Mn oxides, promoting the depletion of this element below the oxide and phase transformation from austenite to ferrite. The obtained results show that the Ce addition of 0.18 and 0.42 wt.% in the alloy decreases the MnS inclusions leading to the formation of a more compact oxide layer and an increase on the resistance to oxidation. However, the Ce addition of 0.96 wt.% increases the amount of Ce-containing oxide inclusions that accelerate the Mn diffusion toward the oxide layer, leading to the formation of a less protective oxide layer.
Análise de viabilidade econômica do uso de diversas fontes de biomassa para queima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-17) Areias, Adriana Aparecida; Cruz Júnior, José César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0086426315229286; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4088007474206569
Biomass is a renewable resource that is increasingly being used as an energy source. This dissertation aimed to study the economic viability of using biomass for power generation. In Chapter 1, the contributions of renewable energy to sustainable energy production were studied. In addition, the types of solid biomass were addressed and what are the main parameters used to make their energy characterization. In Chapter 2, was studied the biomass market in the State of São Paulo and also the energy properties of the biomass analyzed: sugarcane bagasse, briquette, sawdust, firewood and eucalyptus forest, pine chips, charcoal and rice husks. In Chapter 3, an economical-energetic analysis was made on the following biomass destined for burning in the Sorocaba Metropolitan Region (RMS): briquette, sawdust, chips, firewood and eucalyptus forest and rice husk. In this chapter, the cost of energy, logistics, and price were analyzed. Finally, Chapter 4 gives a general conclusion of the work and also discusses the limitations and recommendations for future work. From the analysis of the results obtained in chapter 2, it was seen that there are more suppliers of firewood, wood chips and eucalyptus forest and the biggest demand for these biomasses are the sectors of food and beverages, furniture, red ceramics and paper and cellulose in the State of São Paulo. In relation to supply, the materials that have the highest production in this state are sugarcane bagasse, the eucalyptus forest and firewood and the pine forest. In the energy analysis, it was found that charcoal, wood, briquette, wood chips and eucalyptus wood and wood chips are more suitable for burning. In chapter 3, it was found that the biomasses that showed technical and economic feasibility to be used in the RMS were the chip and the eucalyptus log for several distance radii.
Relação da rigidez e do toque articular com a Diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 e a neuropatia periférica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-20) Ferreira, Jean de Paula; Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917658715637353; Salvini, Tânia de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4391969032505723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404427274731262
The literature indicates a strong relationship between musculoskeletal losses and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and it is also unclear whether DM2 affects the passive properties of the musculoskeletal system, increasing the muscle stiffness and impairing the function of these individuals. Objective: To analyze whether concentric and isometric torques can distinguish between individuals with DM2 and peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DPN) from individuals without DM2 with the same age and anthropometric characteristics, and also to analyze the passive torque and passive stiffness in DM2 individuals, with and without NDP at the knee and ankle flexion and extension compared to individuals without DM. Methods: Of the 88 participants, 29 were controls, 59 with DM2 (23 with and 36 without DPN). Glycemic control was determined by HbA1C and DPN by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Concentric and isometric torque during knee and ankle flexion and extension were assessed by isokinetic dynamometry and torque suitability by principal component analysis (PCA). The identified variables were further used in a cluster analysis (k-means). Stepwise regression was applied to investigate factors associated with HbA1c and MNSI scores. For passive torque analyses, three groups of men (n=49) of similar age were studied, 17 with DM2 without DPN, 15 with DM2 and DPN, and 17 control subjects without DM2. Knee flexion and extension passive torque as well as ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion were assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer, followed by passive torque and passive stiffness calculation. The absence of muscular activity during the tests was determined by electromyography (EMG). Results: Concentric knee flexion and extension and isometric ankle extension torques characterized 88.59% of the individuals, forming Cluster 1 (n=29 controls) and Cluster 2 (n=59 DM2). HbA1c was associated with lower torque and higher IL-6, and MNSI score with lower torque and higher TNF-α and IL-6. Subjects with DM2 and DPN exhibited greater knee extension passive stiffness (p<0.01) as well as increased passive torque and stiffness during dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (p<0.04) at 5o /s when compared to controls and those with DM2 without DPN. Conclusion: Concentric knee and isometric ankle torques discriminated between subjects with and without DM2. However, knee and ankle torque reductions associated with DPN, poor glycemic control, and subclinical inflammation were not sufficiently significant to differentiate between DM2 individuals with and without DPN. Individuals with DM2 and DPN present higher knee and ankle stiffness and passive torque in comparison to those with DM2 without DPN and the controls. The mechanical impairments in ankle viscoelastic structures were most evident and more easily assessed at low speeds.
Construções geométricas no ensino da matemática no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-21) Braga, Guilherme Silva; Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6207935785425690
In this work, we will do a study on triangles, their theorems, elements and constructions focused on the teaching of geometry since the early years of elementary school, with the objective of being a support tool for the teacher trained in pedagogy in addition to the specialist teacher in Mathematics. In the first chapter, we will give some definitions and results that we will use throughout the work. In the second chapter we will demonstrate some results and theorems that use triangles or show interesting features in them. In the third chapter, we will make geometric constructions with ruler and compass, describing each one of them, and justifying, when necessary, what we have built. In the fourth chapter, a pedagogical work carried out in a school will be presented, with geometric constructions in elementary school in a 5th grade classroom. Finally, in the fifth chapter we will make some observations and justify the work with a small study of Geometry in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) in Elementary School.
Modelos de regressão para dados de contagem k-modificados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-21) Garcia, Milene Alves; Conceição, Katiane Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5789619620619667; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8717467108587526
In this work the regression model to k-Modified family distributions is proposed. It is understood as modification, the inclusion of a parameter in the probability mass function of the traditional discrete distributions, which is able to model inflation or deflation of the observation k in the dataset. The modification in relation to the original distribution becomes necessary when, in many practical situations, a specific observation k occurrs in the dataset with higher or lower frequency than what is expected by considering a specific discrete distribution. In the context of regression models, discrete distributions with probability mass function that can be written through their means will be considered.
Crowdfunding de investimento para viabilização de novos negócios no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-21) Hassem, Alina; Silva, Elaine da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7336831085564832; Ferrari Júnior, Roberto ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1581806209106850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469467546187793
In the development of new businesses, fundraising is one of the most important factors, as only shareholder equity, normally, is not sufficient to fund its expansion. However, traditional sources of financing - such as banks - require collateral in return for the loans, which often cannot be provided by startups. Venture capitalists and private equities become real options for some companies that have a return on investment. Crowdfunding is a form of online fundraising, where the entrepreneur asks for an open call on the internet, and the crowd can contribute or invest in the project or companies - usually of low value - that, when together, make the business viable. There are four types of crowdfunding currently classified according to the return offered to the investor: donation, rewards, loan and investment. Equity crowdfunding, regulated by the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM) in 2017, is a form in which the entrepreneur offers companies shares in return for the investments received, thus making it possible for the development of new businesses. Thus, the current research analyzed the profile of companies that are using equity crowdfunding to raise funds in order to answer the following question: How has investment crowdfunding been impacting the development of new companies? This is a qualitative and quantitative investigation in which the content analysis method was applied. Results indicate that investment crowdfunding has, in fact, become a new source of capital for startups, since the average age of the analyzed companies is three years, and the most common segment is service, especially those companies that rely on the internet (websites and applications). The total amount of money raised from 2017 to 2018 was BRL 22,602,340 in 30 different campaigns (29 companies) with the participation of 2,345 investors. By comparing these results are compared with the volumes contributed by venture capital investors and angel investors, we can see that investment crowdfunding is still in its infancy. Nonetheless, the prospects for developing this market are promising.
Um estudo da evolução das concepções de professoras dos anos iniciais sobre a alfabetização científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-22) Amorim, Carolina Puras da Rocha; Santos Junior, João Batista dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9995196211797715
We understand that the participation of teachers in a collaborative group can promote reflection on their difficulties and study of approaches, perspectives on the teaching of Science, Technology, Society and Environment (STSE), Scientific Literacy, experiments in the classroom, as well as developing an investigative attitude and the sharing of successful practices, supporting the coping with the difficulties arising from the teaching action. This research is based on this collaborative group that consists of six teachers from the municipal networks of cities in the region of Sorocaba / SP, all with training in Pedagogy. The objective of the researchers with the group is to face the difficulties for the implementation of Scientific Literacy (AC) in the initial years. The following instruments were developed for the research and applied on a quarterly basis: CA indicators; didactic models; distorted views of science and training needs, which aimed to identify the evolution of teachers' conceptions during participation in the collaborative group. If, on the one hand, it could be said that, initially, CA was a common objective of the group, it is now possible to say that teachers feel more prepared for the implementation of CA in their classes, as they feel supported by each other.
Distribuições discretas zero-modificadas para modelar dados de contagem zeros faltantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-24) Mascarin, Isis Fernanda; Conceição, Katiane Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5789619620619667; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2019010537446525
The analysis of count data takes an important place in applied statistics, since many real problems are expressed in terms of counts. Frequently, count data sets have discrepancies in the frequency of the zero observation, which may be high or low, and in these cases the set is referred as zero-inflated or zero-deflated, respectively. Besides, there are situations where the zero observation does not occur in the data set, and often zero-truncated models are inadequately considered, since there is a positive probability (and not a null one) for such event, although it has not occurred. The main aim of this dissertation is to present the procedure for parameter estimation of the zero-modified distributions in situations where the frequency of zero observation in the data set is zero and the occurrence probability of this same value is positive (zero-deflated). The proposed methodology considers the estimation of missing zeros in the data set consisting only of positive observations, such that the increased data set (with the estimated zeros included) can be explained by a traditional distribution. Moments and maximum likelihood methods are considered for the estimation procedure using the estimation-maximization algorithm. Simulation and artificial data studies are used to evaluate the properties of the estimators and estimates obtained. Real data sets with different cases of zero-modification are also analyzed.