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Políticas públicas de desenvolvimento territorial no Brasil (2003-2016): um estudo do território sudoeste paulista (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-31) Antunes Junior, Wolney Felippe; Souza-Esquerdo, Vanilde Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9535960068552016; Borsatto, Ricardo Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6328380021408166
Between 2003 and 2016, Brazil has experimented with a series of decentralized public policies, some of which have adopted the territorial approach. These include the "Fome Zero" Program, through the Food Security and Local Development Consortia (CONSAD); the National Program for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories (PRONAT); and the Citizenship Territories Program. The Sudoeste Paulista, due to its historicity and its low Human Development Index (HDI), was one of the territories elected by the Federal Government and has passed through the three programs mentioned above. Among advances and challenges, experiences with territorial policies still have a wide field to be debated. In this sense, the objective of this research was to study the public policies of territorial development implemented in Sudoeste Paulista and to analyze the acting capacities of its institutional arrangements. This study took place through the performance of CONSAD Sudoeste Paulista, which was the territorial collegiate in these three territorial policy programs. As methodology were used the semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Among the main results, it can be said that: the territorial collegiate did not cover all the diversity of the territory and alternated between periods when the centrality was in the demands of the public power and periods in which civil society was more active; projects and actions were mostly defined under top-down movements and the territory functioned as a locus of government investment; The challenge of promoting innovative, intersectoral and intermunicipal actions can be understood by the technical-administrative and politicalrelational capacities of institutional arrangements and the policy design stipulated by the policies. If, on the one hand, public policies for territorial development presented several contradictions and limitations, on the other hand, it must be recognized that this is a process of experimentation, in which learning and lessons have been accumulated along their trajectory.
Abordagem ergonômica da atividade: a compreensão de determinantes do trabalho dos coletores de resíduos sólidos urbanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-31) Oliveira, Talita Martins; Fontes, Andréa Regina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4848646681792317; Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9250214706491925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4361045058425203
This research used as object of study the work of solid urban waste collectors, in which it requires great effort from this individual to complete his task, which is to handle household waste, in addition to moving around in an environment full of variability. The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants of the garbage collectors' work, showing physical, cognitive and organizational components. A case study was carried out, guided by the perspective of Activity Ergonomics in which data collection took place through systemic and unsystematic observations with the aid of filming, with tests to understand the physiological variables, the physical and mental load involved. during the execution of the task. After the field follow-up, the task description form was carried out, an interview with 50 collectors, 5 managers and 50 residents. The results obtained explained the dynamics involved in the organization of work, the task performed by the collector and real activity, elucidating its intrinsic and extrinsic variability, physical load accompanied by the results obtained through field data and controlled tests as well as the mental workload and operating modes. It is concluded that, in the collector's work routine, it is possible that the physical and mental fatigue is related to the overload arising from the work systems that still need to be modernized, thus allowing operations performed by the collector to enable greater regulation, expanding the margin maneuver. Understanding how the collector turns the prescription of the activity into real work has made it possible to discover that the public cleaning system has been moving slowly for a long time. In this context, it’s up to the worker, who is at the end of the production chain, to be responsible for adjusting to meet the objectives of the job, with some tools, some technology and much of their know-how to transform the task into real work.
Distribuição de recursos florais de plantas melitófilas em uma área em restauração florestal em Holambra, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-31) Santos, Elisangela Fernandes dos; Silva, Cláudia Inês da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7795764730365395; Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934724759636382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979681196287892
Pollination is one of the most important ecosystem services for maintaining biodiversity, as it is a key process for restoring the function of altered ecosystems. It is largely carried out by bees both in agricultural and natural systems. Nevertheless, this process has been highly impacted by anthropogenic impacts in the environment. The restoration of these environments aims to reestablish these interactions by replacing the local flora. This work aimed to evaluate if the floristic composition of a restoration area is a place with important food resources for the bees. from the distribution of floral resources over a year. The floristic survey was made in a fragment under restoration inserted in an agricultural matrix, located in Holambra / SP. Field activities took place monthly from January to December 2018 in three parcels of 1,500m² each. Samples of flowering plant species were collected from each plot and the exsiccates were prepared and processed and incorporated into the UNESP campus Rio Claro Herbarium collection. Each species was identified and confirmed by experts, and information on the main pollination syndrome, habit, main floral resource offered to pollinators (pollen, nectar, oil) and origin (native or non-native) were obtained from specialized literature. To evaluate the distribution of floral resources during the year, we used circular analysis and applied the Rayleigh test (p) to identify the occurrence of seasonality and Pearson's index using the BioStat Pro 6.0 program to evaluate the occurrence or not of correlation between flowering and climatic factors such as temperature and temperature. precipitation. The families Asteraceae and Fabaceae presented the largest number of flowering species, with the most abundant species of herbaceous habit. About 75% of the identified plants were pollinated by bees, the most frequent syndrome. Among the melitophilous plants, the native species were the most frequent (70.5%) and in relation to the distribution of floral resources, the melitophilic plants presented seasonality in the flowering period, with peak in the rainy months, being the nectariferous species the most abundant. There were no representatives of non-native oil producing species. Regarding resource distribution in the stratification, native tree and shrub species flourished in greater numbers in the rainy season, while non-native species of these habits had a peak of flowering in the dry period. Native and non-native herbaceous plants bloomed most in the rainy months and lianas showed no flowering seasonality for nectar and pollen for both native and non-native species. The results showed that the vertical forest stratification is important for the supply of floral resources to pollinators, however herbaceous plants stood out in relation to the richness and abundance of flowering plants, both native and non-native, providing nectar, pollen and oil for the bees. These species are usually considered as weeds in agricultural environments being eliminated as a part of the management in these areas, extinguishing food sources for bees. The distribution of floral resources in stratification was quite variable, as floral resources were available in both dry and rainy periods of the year, highlighting the importance of the study area as an interesting place for bee survival. Verifying the distribution of floral resources is important because it provides information for the conservation of bees, showing the periods of abundance and food shortage, allowing the improvement of ecological management projects.
Método de reconstrução tomográfica de amostras agrícolas com o emprego de técnicas big data
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-01-31) Alves, Gabriel Marcelino; Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5710041471208439
A new method of high resolution tomographic reconstruction of agricultural samples is presented, which uses the spectral density of X-ray tomographic projections as a criterion to minimize processing time and obtain good quality digital images, besides being scalable. The use of the spectral density of the tomographic projections made it possible to evaluate the associated energy in each projection and consequently the amount of information that is related to its probabilities. Thus, the tomographic projections were organized into energy classes and those with the most expressive amounts of information were selected. As part of the method, after selecting projections, Filtered Back Projection (FBP) and B-Spline interpolation were considered to obtain 2D and 3D (volumetric) reconstruction, steps that were parallelized considering the Apache Spark environment. For the execution of the developed method was organized a Big Data environment that had a cluster, installed on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform and a stack of technologies. The Big Data environment configuration assessment considered four sets of projection matrice of the same plexiglass heterogeneous phantom totalizing 7840 matrice (35.63 GB) which were processed for 12 different configurations totalizing 427.56 GB of processed tomographic data. The cluster configuration was defined after evaluating the Speedup and Efficiency metrics for the method running in the Big Data environment. In addition, a cluster consisting of a heterogeneous plexiglass phantom, a Sheep-Logan phantom and a homogeneous sample plus 33 seed samples was prepared for the purpose of validating and evaluating the quality of cluster reconstruction of selected tomographic projections. In this context, an image dataset containing 66, 642 2D images of seeds (242 GB) has been organized. The Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) metrics were used in the validation steps. The SSIM metric was calculated for each projection matrix and the median measurement for the SSIM values of each sample was observed. In this sense, the SSIM analysis showed that the tomographic reconstruction of the two-dimensional samples from the selected projections led to the SSIM value exceeding 0.80 for all samples analyzed. The results showed that the method allowed a reduction between 28% and 38% in the number of tomographic projections in each sample analyzed, without compromising the quality of the reconstructed images. Finally, this new method has been shown to be useful for the analysis of large quantities of agricultural samples based on the use of X-ray tomography in order to meet the management based on precision agriculture paradigms, where the increasing number of analyzes required for agricultural samples in the decision-making process is considered a prime factor.