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Formulações semiclássicas da mecânica quântica: uma análise do oscilador singular por meio do formalismo de Weyl-Wigner e trajetórias quânticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-10)
Silva, Caio Fernando e
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Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215976260958847
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4183915878240703
The usual quantum mechanics formalism does not address relevant points of the semiclassical limit. In this work two theoretical approaches will be considered: Bohmian mechanics and the Weyl-Wigner formulation. The singular oscillator will be used as a platform to analytically obtain quantumness quantifiers for anharmonic systems. The first part will be concerned with a pure quasi-Gaussian state, for which the corresponding Bohmian trajectories will be calculated and are shown to deviate from the classical one due to the quantum potential. In the second part, a canonical ensemble will be considered by using the Weyl-Wigner formalism, with which it is possible to derive a thermalized Wigner function. Given that the potential is anharmonic, topological fluctuations on the phase space are expected and will be investigated for the Wigner flux. The influence of the thermal fluctuations will be distinguished from its quantum counterpart, which is diminished for increasing values of the temperature. Also, quantum information conservation equations will be introduced to calculate the global effect of topological fluctuations on the thermal equilibrium Wigner flux. In the last part, the Horava-Lifshitz cosmological model will be studied from both of the aforementioned theoretical perspectives. From them, the scale factor will be parameterized so that the quantumness quantifiers will depend on the spatial curvature of the universe. The results show that for increasing values of the anharmonic parameter, one observes a quasi-classical dynamics, usually associated to harmonic potentials only. Furthermore, Wigner flux topological fluctuations at thermodynamic equilibrium can be detected only locally, given that thermal fluctuations globally suppress non-Liouvillian effects.
Saberes docentes, afetividade e formação inicial: um elo possível para educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-10)
Monteiro, Luana
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0022760973697288
With this dissertation, we propose to carry out a theoretical and reflective investigative movement seeking to demonstrate affectivity as something inherent in the educational process. We explain the general objectives of understanding and reflecting the affective dimension as knowledge of teaching practice, and its relationship in the process of initial teacher education. The methodological paths of the research are guided by the qualitative approach, since it makes it possible to understand the different social interactions, the representations and meanings attributed by the subjects who experience these interactions, therefore allowing the investigation of the sensitive, which resides in affectivity, taken recursively as a starting point and arrival of our study. For the development of the investigative path, the dissertation was structured in two parts: (1) the constitution of the systematic survey of national theses and dissertations about the relationship between Teacher Knowledge, Affectivity and the Initial Teacher Training, registered in the Bank of Theses and Capes' dissertations, guided the delimitation of theoretical research contributions; (2.) the bibliographic review on the affectivity and the knowledge of the teaching practice, the contributions of the theoretical references on the affectivity present in school practice, in the teacher-student interaction, as an inseparable element to the development of teaching learning, as well as, of knowledge produced in the field of initial teacher training. At the end, we base, in an argumentative argumentative sequence, affectivity as a knowledge of practice, necessary to the training process centered on the knowledge of teachers.
Professor polivalente: reflexões para um caminho de incertezas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-10)
Vacilotto, Eder
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6644771154892819
The multipurpose teacher actually is a professional graduated in Pedagogy and is part of their scope to act in the primary education. Within this context that this dissertation presents a panorama regarding the professional practice, a dialogue between reflective reports of primary education and features of Constitution, in order to raise interesting possibilities to improve the education of these professionals. Following this journey, this dissertation is divided in four quarters, similar to a school year in a primary school. In the first quarter, a diagnose of the multipurpose teacher formation, describes their responsibilities and problematize from the National Curricular Guidelines against to theorical and practice context, under the perspective of Freire (1997) and Fortunato (2018). The second quarter is based on the Romanovsky and Ens (2006) theory, on the State of Knowledge having the last 5 years as a criteria, which presents possible directions in the research about the formation of this professional. The third quarter brings the notion of schooling and its influence in the constitution of the multipurpose teacher identity, with the theorical input of Snyders & Lopez (2009), Pimenta (2012), Freire (1982), Imbernón (2009), Tardiff and Lessard (2017), among others, that presents the perspective of the school environment about this professional. The multipurpose teacher trajectory is built in an uncertainties path. In the fourth quarter is identified possibilities and formative journey that interweave didactic discipline, initial formation and the current continuing education, which in the daily school routine allow advances in pedagogical conditions. The research identifies the weakness of the multipurpose teacher identity but understand that the practice can be an enlightening route in the formation of this professional. The formation can present some uncertainties path, but being at school, in this learning space, formative journey is presented.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação da metodologia da problematização na formação de estudantes do ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-10)
Tagliari, Celi Perin
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Cruz, Sandra Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0720645713817223
University graduates are deficient in certain basic skills required by organizations today, demonstrating that there is a gap between educational formation and the current demands of the market, forcing the educational institutions to adapt to these needs. Many of the new proposals for educational formation are based on active teaching and learning methodologies, giving priority to teaching by research, avoiding teaching by transmission. Active methodologies can contribute to the development of these skills and competencies required to professional market. This research proposed to develop a methodology to apply the Arc Method of Maguerez and to evaluate the effectiveness learning transversal skills effectiveness develop under student point of view. It was proposed to the students develop a project, in a Polymeric Systems class in a class of the Bachelor of Chemistry at UFSCar, where they should choose real problem and find possible solutions using skills not normally worked in a traditional methodologies as join theoretical with practical knowledge; studies from various sources and technical standards; research and teamwork. In this study was analyzed the motivation and participation of students in the teaching and learning process in Polymeric Systems class, the perceptions about their development, professional skills and the methodology applied. The results of this work show that students realized the importance of developing transversal skills and agree that the methodology used by most teachers in the class of the Bachelor of Chemistry does not contribute to its development.
SAS-DV: Uma arquitetura de predição de riscos de colisão para pessoas com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-10)
Cordeiro, Natal Henrique
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Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6893116715233160
The technologies developed so far to help visually impaired people (VIP) navigate meet only some of their everyday needs. This project allows visually impaired people to improve the situation awareness (SAW) by generating a risk map following an analysis of the position, distance, size and motion of the objects present in their environment. This comprehension is refined by data fusion steps applied to High Level Information Fusion to predict possible impacts in the near future. A risk map is formed after a set of inferences has been executed. Two specific datasets for projecting the risks of collision in different directions are proposed in this work for the execution of these inferences. These datasets are composed of information regarding the position and size of static objects, free passages, dynamic objects, and paths executed by dynamic objects. All this information was mapped in a 3D plane. Thus, to demonstrate the advantages of implementing High Level Information Fusion in the navigation system dedicated to VIP, experiments were performed with the proposed architecture and with three other navigation systems implemented with different approaches. The results demonstrated it was possible to validate and compare the navigation systems. For this comparative analysis, different situations were tested by the navigation systems so that the VIP could be indicated, namely a direction to travel which includes fewer collision risks. In addition to providing a risk map giving possible collisions, this study provided greater reliability for navigation, especially when obstacles were very close and moving objects were detected. Different techniques for detecting and tracking dynamic objects were also implemented in this study for defining which of them is best suited to the VIP context. This study can provide new contributions such as adaptations to already renowned techniques used for dynamic object analysis and, most notably, with the use of a methodology for comparing the efficiency and computational cost of each technique to analyze such objects.
Brincar na vida e na docência: trajetórias de formadoras(es) brincantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Rosa, Alessandra de Campos e Silva
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2062809599836052
The research developed in the Master's Program in Education, in line 1 - Teacher training and educational practices, aims to present and discuss experiences of the teachers who play in the formation of teachers of kindergarten. Specifically, understanding the pathways that constituted playing teachers and how playing is articulated with their educational practices. The narrative research used the qualitative methodology, firstly performing a bibliographic review about playing, childhood and the formation of teachers, having as theoretical support scholars such as Kishimoto (2010, 2014, 2007, 2005), Sarmento (2005, 2002, 2007, 2004, 2008), Faria (2011), Brougère (1989, 1997), Abramowicz (2010), Santos (2010, 2012), among others. As a technical device, it sought the episodic interview supported by the authors Flick (2002), Schütze (2010, 2002), Jochelovitch and Bauer (2010) among others. The narratives shared by the collaborators were analyzed in order to make meaningful connections between their playing experiences and the formation of preschool teachers, revealing their knowledge and practices and how they constituted playful trainers. . Through the analysis of the reports we can infer that the playing teachers have trajectories, knowledge and practices that connect and allow establishing relationships revealing their unique experiences and the appreciation of play and play as the axis of the formative work they develop.
Uma experiência sobre o ensino da matemática no ensino médio sob a perspectiva da utilização de problemas da OBMEP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Guimarães, João Paulo Silva
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4687713000203722
In this work we present the idealization, application and discussion of the use of 5 OBMEP problem versions in the form of activity sheets using manipulable material and technological resources in mobile phones.
Utilização de resíduo de cama de frango na fertilização em cobertura de milho variedade em sistema agroflorestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Oliveira, Duane Nascimento
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Afférri, Flávio Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4868650342029685
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
Corn is one of the most important crops in Brazil and in the world with a wide geographical area. Corn cultivation in Brazil is commonly performed by hybrid and transgenic materials. Forgotten, maize varieties are less and less used, and their social and genetic importance almost abandoned. The environmental and food concern has been gaining prominence in Brazil and in the world, alternative cultivation activities with agroecological and organic models are of paramount importance and supply the social, environmental and market necessity for products with practices with this cultivation profile, being a disclosure of alternative technical-scientific methodology to conventional means. The nutritional factor on maize production is of paramount importance for plant development, so alternative means to mineral and chemical fertilization using sources from organic matter may be an alternative means of production. There is a need for studies on fertilization with organic, efficient, sustainable and environmentally sound sources, as they avoid methods of major environmental impacts on corn crop, besides the lack of studies in the literature. In this context, an experiment was carried out, using organic source fertilization through poultry litter, in substitution of the cover mineral fertilizers, on green variety CATI 02, evaluating the productive performance of corn under the influence of treatments. In the experiment, topdressing fertilization with five different levels was used, relating to yields. n the experiment, topdressing fertilization with five different levels was used, relating to yields. The experiment was carried out at the Lagoa do Sino campus of the Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Buri - SP, in the Agroforestry System (AS) area, in two seasons. The results obtained were promising and show the importance of alternative methodologies to conventional agriculture, which can work together or in substitution, aiming at a sustainable agriculture that brings income to farmers. The dissertation consists of the literature review, followed by the research works. Keywords: Agroecology, Zea mays, organic fertilization, Agroforestry systems.
Modelos de riscos competitivos no estudo de evasão discente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Tortorelli, Fabiana Arca Cruz
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Cobre, Juliana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042802390444616
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487760753970245
Dropout is a problem faced by public and private universities. Therefore, the motivation of this work is to investigate the characteristics of students enrolled in a regular undergraduate course and verify which one is related with dropout and/or graduate. For the study we consider competitive risk models, and we propose to use the transformation of complementary log-log for the risk function into discrete data to study specific cause risk at a period of time (calculated in semesters). For the parameters estimations we used Bayesian Inference. We verified that the model proposed in this work can be adjusted to the theoretical data. In real data from the Applied Mathematics course to the Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences (ICMC), we concluded that parental education and admission type influence in dropout outcome
Experiência estética e o ensino de música: um estudo de caso da prática docente de um professor de uma escola pública do ensino fundamental no município de Maringá-PR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-12)
Silva, Rosangela Trabuco Malvestio da
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Gomes, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6348015771508371
The objective of this study is to analyze the teaching of music in the art discipline in the early years of elementary school, highlighting the formative and aesthetic aspects, based on the theoretical framework of the Critical Theory authors. To carry out the work, readings and fictions from bibliographic sources performed were, as well as the analysis of the data collected by an empirical research carried out through the Objective Hermeneutic methodology. In order to reach the proposed objective, based on the authors of the Critical Theory, a bibliographical survey on music in the history of men performed was. Characterizing it in the context of today's society, its formative and/or deforming potential in the development of the thinking and aesthetic feeling of individuals highlighted was. Following, it discussed was about Art and Philosophy, with emphasis on aesthetic experience, relating it to the teaching of Art and Music in schools. For this, we used the postulates of the Critical Theory authors, so that it was possible an understanding about the theoretical conception approached in this work, which served as a contribution to the analysis during its development. Following, a history of art teaching in the country made was in order to understand and contextualize art in Brazilian schools, focusing on laws and official documents that support the Curriculum, the Pedagogical Political Project and the School Planning. Finally, a field research was carried out in an Elementary School - Early Years, of the Municipal Public Network of the city of Maringa-PR, in a fourth year class in the discipline of Art - among languages, music.The analysis of the data collected during the empirical research performed was carried out using the Objective Hermeneutic methodology. The didactics adopted in the classroom by “Teacher A” and the formative aspects of music lessons, were defined how two major categories. At the end of the study, after analyzing the data in the light of Critical Theory, it highlights some possibilities of an education for Emancipation in the teaching of Music. It should directed be to develop the aesthetic feeling in the elementary school students, acting against the values imposed by the capitalist society.
Mapeamento da integralidade do cuidado durante o pré-natal na atenção primária: scoping review
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-12)
Barbieri, Melina Renata Blascke
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Fabbro, Márcia Regina Cangiani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978014098495031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7129130986276991
Healthcare centered on the pregnant woman and on collective prenatal care has been growing internationally and aims at valuing the needs of pregnant women, information sharing and social support for the construction of support networks, in addition to the clinical evaluation and other procedures of a traditional prenatal care. In the Brazilian scenario, there has been an increase in the coverage of prenatal care, as well as in the availability for procedure and routine protocols. However, the quality and effectiveness of the developed actions are less than expected. Thus, our study has as Objective: mapping the state of the art of prenatal care in primary care, according to the integrality of care; identifying the factors that are articulated with comprehensive prenatal care and assess the challenges and scope of comprehensive prenatal care in Brazil. Methods: It is a literature review, following the scoping review method, structured according to the protocol of the Joanna Briggs Institute. For the selection of the studies, we consulted digital libraries and multidisciplinary and health databases such as BDTD, CINAHL, COCHRANE, LILACS PUBMED, SCIELO, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE, selecting individual and international published material, available online from the beginning of 1980 until June 2019. 1,848 records were identified in the search, from which a sample of 26 studies was selected, among theses, dissertations and scientific articles, described in the recommendation of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Prisma) flow diagram. Tables were made aiming at showing the selected studies, following numerical order, Study title, Place/Country/Year of publication, Type of Study, Theoretical-methodological approach, Population, Main results, Care Comprehensiveness Definition and Scope or Challenge, as well as the profile of the journals according to their year of publication, databases, continent, publication, country, study type, type of journal, approach, and study population. The thematic analysis followed four axes: Axis of Needs, Axis of Purposes, Axis of Articulation and Axis of Interactions, taking as parameters the axes of integrality idealized by Ayres, seeking a critical discussion on the scope and challenges of comprehensive prenatal treatment. Results: The most contemplated category in the achievement of comprehensive care was the one on the needs, which is, at the same time, the one that shows most challenges. The axis on articulation and the other ones showed the difficulties in reaching interdisciplinary knowledge and practices, pointing to the need for training and changes in professional posture, articulation of healthcare networks, cooperation between health and social sectors, participation and social mobilization. Final Considerations: The analyses we carried out allow us to conclude that, to achieve comprehensive care, it is necessary to value the quality of the intersubjective interactions in the care for pregnant women and in the construction of interdisciplinary teamwork. Care centered on the needs of pregnant women and their family has been shown to be an exemplary model of care and could be a guide for the reorganization of the work process.
Mães trabalhadoras: um estudo quanti-qualitativo sobre uso do tempo em papéis ocupacionais, poder aquisitivo e satisfação com a vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Barbano, Letícia Maria
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Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8729271800079495
Today, the reconciliation of work and family is a crucial issue, being especially difficult for women to balance these two aspects. Anchored in the Model of Human Occupation, this research aimed to compare and describe the time use, occupational roles, purchasing power and satisfaction with the lives of part-time and full-time working mothers. Following a statistical sample with 95% reliability and 5% margin of error, 800 working mothers from different regions of Brazil were participants in this research. Data were gathered through an online survey, and the following instruments were applied: Role Checklist, Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (CCEB), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS), socioeconomic questionnaire, with an open question about the worker role. Quantitative data were analyzed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis, T-Student Test and Pearson Correlation. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative results showed that full-time working mothers had higher purchasing power, as well as chances of greater satisfaction with their life (p = 0.307). There was an association between purchasing power and life satisfaction and educational level and life satisfaction. Full-time working mothers spent more time to the family member role (p = 0.001) and caregiver role (p = 0.000) than part-time working mothers. The qualitative results were grouped into three categories (Time Use; Labor Market; Brazilian Culture on Working Women) and nine subcategories (Role Overload and Double Journey; Self Care and Leisure; Family Time; Role Balance; Prejudice by being a mother; Journey and work environment; Support networks; Partner/ spouse assistance; Feelings and perceptions). The conclusion is that full-time mothers can have higher satisfaction with life and can spend more time working and with their families, and less time for domestic tasks. Qualitative data showed that the support network is an important factor for the reconciliation of occupational roles for these mothers; regardless if is a part-time or a full-time job.
Influência da dor lombar crônica inespecífica com ou sem sensibilização central nos aspectos biopsicossociais e capacidade funcional de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Marques, José Salvador Ribeiro
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Gramani-Say, Karina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0922753791725357
Nonspecific chronic low back pain (DLCI) is considered one of the main complaints reported by the elderly, leading them to a decline in several biopsychosocial and functional variables. The literature reports that the chronicity of low back pain may be related to impairments in functional capacity and in the psychosocial realm. DLCI can promote changes in the brain's representation of pain, and patients may experience central sensitization (SC), that is, an amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system causing hypersensitivity to pain. Thus, this study aims to assess the influence of the DLCI of elderly people in the context of social vulnerability and the influence of central awareness on biopsychosocial variables and on the functional capacity of elderly people with DLCI, in addition to describing sociodemographic and health variables such as gender, age , Body mass index (BMI), pain level and total pain areas. The analysis of the general results of our dissertation concludes that the decrease in mobility and balance may be involved with DLCI, in addition, the non-performance of 30 minutes of physical activity daily and the non-performance of physical activity in the community / neighborhood, may have positive influence with DLCI in the elderly in a context of high vulnerability, in addition, CS can influence the decrease in mobility, balance, power and resistance of the lower limbs, decrease in the pain-pressure threshold, increase in the degree of kinesiophobia and catastrophization, worsens of depressive symptoms and decreased quality of sleep in elderly people with DLCI. To this end, two studies were carried out: Study 1: Evaluation of biopsychosocial factors present in elderly people with chronic non-specific low back pain, in a context of high vulnerability Study 2: Influence of central sensitization on biopsychosocial variables and functional capacity in the elderly with chronic nonspecific low back pain
Cyberbullying contra professores: a autoridade escolar como alvo de violência virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Reis, Renan Aparecido da Silva
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Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-2897
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4763163158241586
The contemporary context demonstrates that children and adolescents have increasingly used the virtual environment and the Internet as privileged spaces for communication, self-expression, and the establishment of social bonds. While bullying has traditionally been confined to the physical environment in which it occurs, its manifestations are no longer restricted to the spatial boundaries of schools or other face-to-face settings. In the digital context, such practices acquire new dynamics and significantly expand their reach, becoming what is known as cyberbullying. This phenomenon is characterized by intentional, repetitive, aggressive, and hostile actions or behaviors carried out by individuals or groups through electronic devices connected to the Internet, with the deliberate aim of causing harm, humiliation, or suffering to the victim. An important aspect of this issue concerns the expansion of the targets of virtual violence. Whereas such attacks were initially directed primarily at other students, they currently affect other members of the school community, especially teachers, who represent figures of pedagogical, disciplinary, and institutional authority. Considering the complexity of this scenario and the transformations in school relationships mediated by digital technologies, this study sought to identify the factors underlying the various forms of violence directed at teachers, as well as to analyze, from the perspective of Critical Theory, the contemporary role of humiliation and the public degradation of teachers’ image. To achieve these objectives, the study was organized into two parts. The first presents a theoretical and conceptual discussion of cyberbullying against teachers. The second consists of an analysis of videos portraying situations related to the research problem.
Más condições de vida na infância e na adolescência são fatores de risco para mortalidade precoce? Diferenças de sexo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Souza, Aline Fernanda de
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Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8270182420214069
Background: Adverse early life conditions seem to be associated with negative health outcomes. However, it is not known whether such conditions can contribute to the occurrence of an early death. Aims: Investigate the association between adverse early life conditions and mortality prior to 80 years and whether there are sex differences. Method: 941 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who died (before or after 80 years) between 2007 and 2018. At baseline (2006), all participants were evaluated regarding their socioeconomic status, infectious diseases and parental stress in childhood and adolescence. Logistic regression models were created for each sex and adjusted by the socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical variables of the participants in 2006. Results: Living with only one parent (OR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.35 – 10.67), overprotected by the father (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.25) and having an infectious disease in childhood or adolescence (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.15 – 3.66) were associated with the risk of death prior to 80 years of age among the men. Overprotection by the father (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.39) was a risk factor for death prior to 80 years, whereas a low occupational class of the head of the household (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34 – 0.98) and high levels of care from the mother in childhood and adolescence (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76 – 0.99) were protection factors among the women. Conclusions: Worse socioeconomic and health conditions in childhood and adolescence increase the risk of early death among men. Overprotection on the part of the father increases the risk of early death in both sexes, whereas high levels of care from the mother protects women from this situation.
Brincar-brinquedo, criar-fazendo: entrelaçando pluriversos de infâncias e crianças desde o sul de Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Pastore, Marina Di Napoli
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Barros, Denise Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6607056840278610
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6503869870939841
Based on the understanding of children as sociocultural beings and active agents in the productions of the world around them, this study aims productions of the world around them, the present work aims to understand the play and the relationships that precede, mediate and succeed them, as a meaningful activity of children and possibility of transformations and rereading of possible worlds, from three Mozambican communities located in the south of the country. The longitudinal fieldwork carried out from 2014 to 2018 covered three main data collection periods: six months during 2014, 2017 and 2018 in the communities of Mabotine (urban area of the capital of Maputo ), Matola A (peri-urban area of the city of Matola) and Nhandlovo (rural area in the city of Massinga, Inhambane), with children aged 3 years to 17 years. The places where the ethnographic research happened permeated the places where the children were, especially those in the community, such as the streets, the backyards, the “secret” spaces, the river, the houses, the schools, among others considered significant for them. With the ethnography, other methods have also been employed in seeking a greater understanding of play: photography, drawing, video, unstructured interviews, semi-structured interviews, and informal conversations. From the data collected and analyzed, four main points were worked on: the idea of being a child from the perspective of children and adults themselves; the playing and construction of toys from discarding material; play and the relationship with nature and landscapes; images of play and the use of photography. The aspect is brought, analyzed and discussed in chapters that follow the present thesis, considering its relationship with occupational therapy, its practices and theories. The results point to a kaleidoscope of diversity and language used by children in play, understood as a way of being in the world and from their spatiotemporal relations. Finally, questions are raised about the potentialities of future development in African and childhood studies, pointing to the coexistence of childhood and child pluriverses, as well as possible research methods.
O ensino de língua estrangeira sob o viés da teoria das operações predicativas e enunciativas: um estudo dos verbos frasais do inglês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Passarelli, João Daniel França
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Onofre, Marilia Blundi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8467695250878492
This work’s aim is to analyze the intra and interlinguistic translation processes in teaching and learning English as a foreign language (LE) and Portuguese as mother tongue (LM). Using Antoine Culioli’s Theory of Predictive and Enunciative Operations (TPEO) as theoretical foundation, we start from the premise that language is by nature a dialogic activity that is constituted by a continuous process of translation. This study proposal confronts two teaching methodologies, an instrumental one, the most common in language teaching which, basically, takes native languages as objects of observation, disarticulating them from language, a fact that implies a notion of translation based on the linguistic system. The other methodology, supported by the author, is interactional / dialogical. Using TPEO’s principles, it demonstrates how this approach can be applied to foreign language teaching. To do so, we focus English phrasal verbs – a very troublesome issue for nonnative students because of their traits that are specifically typical of the English language. Based on an enunciative perspective, we will discuss the functioning of these structures as well as the approaches to teaching them. To support that discussion, we use a corpus made of twenty sentences from various sources such as films, songs, international newspapers, dictionaries and textbooks.
Synthesis and characterization of CH3NH3SnI3, Mn doped CH3NH3SnI3 and oxygen-deficient TiO2 as visible-light active semiconductors
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Dawson, Margaret
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
CH3NH3SnI3 is an environmentally-friendly (lead-free) perovskite whose synthesis depends on SnI2. Some disadvantages of SnI2 include high cost and tin(IV) contamination. Thus, SnSO4 and ‎C16H30O4Sn are presented as cheaper alternatives and different synthesis conditions were studied: 110 oC/10 min, 150 oC/10 min and 150 oC/20 min. Based on X-ray diffraction results, CH3NH3SnI3 was successfully synthesized, being 110 oC/10 min sufficient for phase formation. However, annealing at 150 oC improved crystallinity irrespective of precursor while prolonged annealing time (20 min) was detrimental to the C16H30O4Sn-based perovskite. Film morphology differed by type of precursor. The bandgaps (1.37-1.59 eV) and photoluminescence emissions (831 nm) of the samples characterize them as visible light active semiconductors. Because CH3NH3SnI3 suffers from Sn2+ oxidation to Sn4+, some studies have proposed doping with metal cations. So far, Mn has not been tested. Thus, Mn (2% and 10% mol) doped CH3NH3SnI3 samples were synthesized and characterized. Mn did not disrupt the perovskite structure but slightly increased bandgap. Chlorine from the Mn precursor is not eliminated by annealing, thus could affect material properties. Regarding stability, Mn partially stabilized CH3NH3SnI3, indicating the need for an optimum level of doping. Mn doping does not seem to improve the photovoltaic properties of CH3NH3SnI3, but it should be noted that the solar cells were not optimized. Several questions about CH3NH3SnI3 cells are still open, including alternative TiO2 compatible with the same. Here, oxygen-deficient TiO2 powders were studied. Electron paramagnetic spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed oxygen vacancy. Photocatalytic and photocurrent tests showed activity under visible light and an optimum level of oxygen vacancies for lower recombination and high charge separation, important properties for photovoltaic applications.
Permanência universitária: quando o pedagógico se une ao econômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Mattos, Hellen Cristina Xavier da Silva
;
Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8605625866125060
The subject of this research is part of the studies on the expansion and inclusion of Brazilian public higher education. We have as analysis object the university permanence from the students experiences who participate in a proposal of tutoring among peers for the permanence and academic success. The goal of this research is to analize the role of the Grupo de Tutoria do Programa de Acompanhamento Acadêmico do Estudante de Graduação (PAAEG) for the university permanence, problematizing the articulation between economic and pedagogic dimensions of the difficulties faced by the undergraduates, aiming to understand the developments of the institutional actions related to the pedagogical dimension of university permanence in adaptation strategies and in the formation of the student in the scientific field. The research is qualitative and uses Pierre Bourdieu’s contributions as its theoretical foundation. This is a field research, using online questionnaires and semi structured interviews, individual and in pairs, with twelve students who participate in the PAAEG tutoring group at UFSCar on the São Carlos campus and individual interviews only on three tutors that participate in the same program. The results indicated that the difficulties in adapting and staying at university related to the pedagogical dimension are related to the intensity of the studies, fragility of previous school contents, difficulties in the disciplines and pedagogical practices. University permanence is perceived by the students in questions related to the economic, pedagogical and psychological dimensions, and the institution has a special contribution in the economic dimension. Peer tutoring favors university permanence by offering academic support, welcoming to the student, familiarization with the university and a space where students feel more comfortable to expose their doubts and difficulties due to the closer relationship with tutors than with the professors. We infer that, in order to play the university field game, students needed to be equipped with school knowledge, cultural capital, and with a student habitus related to the field’s requirements, including in the face of hierarchical relationships with professors. We believe that the difficulties and situations of suffering experienced by students may be related to the university field’s pressure, especially for students who are still forming theirs university student habitus and acquiring the symbolic and cultural capital during the academic training. We understand that this suffering is intensified by the symbolic violence present in the gift ideology, which is reinforced by teaching practices that naturalize the academic work. The university´s permanence policy has been expanded with new proposals to support and welcome students, actions that are complementary to the financial support of scholarships, which are essential to the permanence. However, the pedagogic approach of peer tutoring has been the main strategy used by the institution to justify the increase in the Graduation Success Rate. In this way, contributing to academic success, PAAEG tutoring group also contributes to permanence. The student feels more capable, legitimized and strengthened to overcome the difficulties of the university field and graduate from the undergraduate course.
Diferenças e continuidades na arqueologia e na genealogia de Foucault: entre 1966 e 1976
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Arantes de Souza, Lívia Francisco
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Stival, Monica Loyola
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624149613819754
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613714422089475
This dissertation aims to study the relationship between Foucault's archaeological and genealogical researches taking into consideration Les mots et les choses archeology of human sciences; the debate raised by the publication of this book; Foucault's elaborations on genealogy and the history in Nietzsche's thoughts; Foucault's methodological approach in L'Ordre du discours, the summaries of the courses at the Collège de France of the first half of the 1970s and the Il faut défendre la société course. Our goal is to observe the introduction of new problems and concepts, conceptual changes, and how Foucault's attention moves towards addressing the relationship between discursive practices and practices of another nature. The hypothesis that conducts this research considers that, at the moment when Foucault marks the dispersed character of the genealogies of the early 1970s, he begins an investigation that touches the task of revising how the history of history is told, indicated in Les mots et les choses, but based on the conceptual redefinitions provided by the debate around the publication of book in 1966. Thus, we consider that Foucault's archaeological and genealogical researches are marked by complementary conceptual shifts and that the discussion about his methodological approaches gains in quality if we avoid using the framework of Foucault's philosophical trajectory in well-defined methodological phases.