Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-02-11"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 11213

Brincar na vida e na docência: trajetórias de formadoras(es) brincantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Rosa, Alessandra de Campos e Silva
;
Santos, Maria Walburga dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2062809599836052
The research developed in the Master's Program in Education, in line 1 - Teacher training and educational practices, aims to present and discuss experiences of the teachers who play in the formation of teachers of kindergarten. Specifically, understanding the pathways that constituted playing teachers and how playing is articulated with their educational practices. The narrative research used the qualitative methodology, firstly performing a bibliographic review about playing, childhood and the formation of teachers, having as theoretical support scholars such as Kishimoto (2010, 2014, 2007, 2005), Sarmento (2005, 2002, 2007, 2004, 2008), Faria (2011), Brougère (1989, 1997), Abramowicz (2010), Santos (2010, 2012), among others. As a technical device, it sought the episodic interview supported by the authors Flick (2002), Schütze (2010, 2002), Jochelovitch and Bauer (2010) among others. The narratives shared by the collaborators were analyzed in order to make meaningful connections between their playing experiences and the formation of preschool teachers, revealing their knowledge and practices and how they constituted playful trainers. . Through the analysis of the reports we can infer that the playing teachers have trajectories, knowledge and practices that connect and allow establishing relationships revealing their unique experiences and the appreciation of play and play as the axis of the formative work they develop.
Uma experiência sobre o ensino da matemática no ensino médio sob a perspectiva da utilização de problemas da OBMEP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Guimarães, João Paulo Silva
;
Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4687713000203722
In this work we present the idealization, application and discussion of the use of 5 OBMEP problem versions in the form of activity sheets using manipulable material and technological resources in mobile phones.
Utilização de resíduo de cama de frango na fertilização em cobertura de milho variedade em sistema agroflorestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Oliveira, Duane Nascimento
;
Afférri, Flávio Sérgio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4868650342029685
;
Franco, Fernando Silveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955
Corn is one of the most important crops in Brazil and in the world with a wide geographical area. Corn cultivation in Brazil is commonly performed by hybrid and transgenic materials. Forgotten, maize varieties are less and less used, and their social and genetic importance almost abandoned. The environmental and food concern has been gaining prominence in Brazil and in the world, alternative cultivation activities with agroecological and organic models are of paramount importance and supply the social, environmental and market necessity for products with practices with this cultivation profile, being a disclosure of alternative technical-scientific methodology to conventional means. The nutritional factor on maize production is of paramount importance for plant development, so alternative means to mineral and chemical fertilization using sources from organic matter may be an alternative means of production. There is a need for studies on fertilization with organic, efficient, sustainable and environmentally sound sources, as they avoid methods of major environmental impacts on corn crop, besides the lack of studies in the literature. In this context, an experiment was carried out, using organic source fertilization through poultry litter, in substitution of the cover mineral fertilizers, on green variety CATI 02, evaluating the productive performance of corn under the influence of treatments. In the experiment, topdressing fertilization with five different levels was used, relating to yields. n the experiment, topdressing fertilization with five different levels was used, relating to yields. The experiment was carried out at the Lagoa do Sino campus of the Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, Buri - SP, in the Agroforestry System (AS) area, in two seasons. The results obtained were promising and show the importance of alternative methodologies to conventional agriculture, which can work together or in substitution, aiming at a sustainable agriculture that brings income to farmers. The dissertation consists of the literature review, followed by the research works. Keywords: Agroecology, Zea mays, organic fertilization, Agroforestry systems.
Modelos de riscos competitivos no estudo de evasão discente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-11)
Tortorelli, Fabiana Arca Cruz
;
Cobre, Juliana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042802390444616
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487760753970245
Dropout is a problem faced by public and private universities. Therefore, the motivation of this work is to investigate the characteristics of students enrolled in a regular undergraduate course and verify which one is related with dropout and/or graduate. For the study we consider competitive risk models, and we propose to use the transformation of complementary log-log for the risk function into discrete data to study specific cause risk at a period of time (calculated in semesters). For the parameters estimations we used Bayesian Inference. We verified that the model proposed in this work can be adjusted to the theoretical data. In real data from the Applied Mathematics course to the Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences (ICMC), we concluded that parental education and admission type influence in dropout outcome
Experiência estética e o ensino de música: um estudo de caso da prática docente de um professor de uma escola pública do ensino fundamental no município de Maringá-PR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-12)
Silva, Rosangela Trabuco Malvestio da
;
Gomes, Luiz Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6348015771508371
The objective of this study is to analyze the teaching of music in the art discipline in the early years of elementary school, highlighting the formative and aesthetic aspects, based on the theoretical framework of the Critical Theory authors. To carry out the work, readings and fictions from bibliographic sources performed were, as well as the analysis of the data collected by an empirical research carried out through the Objective Hermeneutic methodology. In order to reach the proposed objective, based on the authors of the Critical Theory, a bibliographical survey on music in the history of men performed was. Characterizing it in the context of today's society, its formative and/or deforming potential in the development of the thinking and aesthetic feeling of individuals highlighted was. Following, it discussed was about Art and Philosophy, with emphasis on aesthetic experience, relating it to the teaching of Art and Music in schools. For this, we used the postulates of the Critical Theory authors, so that it was possible an understanding about the theoretical conception approached in this work, which served as a contribution to the analysis during its development. Following, a history of art teaching in the country made was in order to understand and contextualize art in Brazilian schools, focusing on laws and official documents that support the Curriculum, the Pedagogical Political Project and the School Planning. Finally, a field research was carried out in an Elementary School - Early Years, of the Municipal Public Network of the city of Maringa-PR, in a fourth year class in the discipline of Art - among languages, music.The analysis of the data collected during the empirical research performed was carried out using the Objective Hermeneutic methodology. The didactics adopted in the classroom by “Teacher A” and the formative aspects of music lessons, were defined how two major categories. At the end of the study, after analyzing the data in the light of Critical Theory, it highlights some possibilities of an education for Emancipation in the teaching of Music. It should directed be to develop the aesthetic feeling in the elementary school students, acting against the values imposed by the capitalist society.
Mapeamento da integralidade do cuidado durante o pré-natal na atenção primária: scoping review
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-12)
Barbieri, Melina Renata Blascke
;
Fabbro, Márcia Regina Cangiani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978014098495031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7129130986276991
Healthcare centered on the pregnant woman and on collective prenatal care has been growing internationally and aims at valuing the needs of pregnant women, information sharing and social support for the construction of support networks, in addition to the clinical evaluation and other procedures of a traditional prenatal care. In the Brazilian scenario, there has been an increase in the coverage of prenatal care, as well as in the availability for procedure and routine protocols. However, the quality and effectiveness of the developed actions are less than expected. Thus, our study has as Objective: mapping the state of the art of prenatal care in primary care, according to the integrality of care; identifying the factors that are articulated with comprehensive prenatal care and assess the challenges and scope of comprehensive prenatal care in Brazil. Methods: It is a literature review, following the scoping review method, structured according to the protocol of the Joanna Briggs Institute. For the selection of the studies, we consulted digital libraries and multidisciplinary and health databases such as BDTD, CINAHL, COCHRANE, LILACS PUBMED, SCIELO, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE, selecting individual and international published material, available online from the beginning of 1980 until June 2019. 1,848 records were identified in the search, from which a sample of 26 studies was selected, among theses, dissertations and scientific articles, described in the recommendation of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Prisma) flow diagram. Tables were made aiming at showing the selected studies, following numerical order, Study title, Place/Country/Year of publication, Type of Study, Theoretical-methodological approach, Population, Main results, Care Comprehensiveness Definition and Scope or Challenge, as well as the profile of the journals according to their year of publication, databases, continent, publication, country, study type, type of journal, approach, and study population. The thematic analysis followed four axes: Axis of Needs, Axis of Purposes, Axis of Articulation and Axis of Interactions, taking as parameters the axes of integrality idealized by Ayres, seeking a critical discussion on the scope and challenges of comprehensive prenatal treatment. Results: The most contemplated category in the achievement of comprehensive care was the one on the needs, which is, at the same time, the one that shows most challenges. The axis on articulation and the other ones showed the difficulties in reaching interdisciplinary knowledge and practices, pointing to the need for training and changes in professional posture, articulation of healthcare networks, cooperation between health and social sectors, participation and social mobilization. Final Considerations: The analyses we carried out allow us to conclude that, to achieve comprehensive care, it is necessary to value the quality of the intersubjective interactions in the care for pregnant women and in the construction of interdisciplinary teamwork. Care centered on the needs of pregnant women and their family has been shown to be an exemplary model of care and could be a guide for the reorganization of the work process.
Mães trabalhadoras: um estudo quanti-qualitativo sobre uso do tempo em papéis ocupacionais, poder aquisitivo e satisfação com a vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Barbano, Letícia Maria
;
Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8729271800079495
Today, the reconciliation of work and family is a crucial issue, being especially difficult for women to balance these two aspects. Anchored in the Model of Human Occupation, this research aimed to compare and describe the time use, occupational roles, purchasing power and satisfaction with the lives of part-time and full-time working mothers. Following a statistical sample with 95% reliability and 5% margin of error, 800 working mothers from different regions of Brazil were participants in this research. Data were gathered through an online survey, and the following instruments were applied: Role Checklist, Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (CCEB), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS), socioeconomic questionnaire, with an open question about the worker role. Quantitative data were analyzed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis, T-Student Test and Pearson Correlation. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative results showed that full-time working mothers had higher purchasing power, as well as chances of greater satisfaction with their life (p = 0.307). There was an association between purchasing power and life satisfaction and educational level and life satisfaction. Full-time working mothers spent more time to the family member role (p = 0.001) and caregiver role (p = 0.000) than part-time working mothers. The qualitative results were grouped into three categories (Time Use; Labor Market; Brazilian Culture on Working Women) and nine subcategories (Role Overload and Double Journey; Self Care and Leisure; Family Time; Role Balance; Prejudice by being a mother; Journey and work environment; Support networks; Partner/ spouse assistance; Feelings and perceptions). The conclusion is that full-time mothers can have higher satisfaction with life and can spend more time working and with their families, and less time for domestic tasks. Qualitative data showed that the support network is an important factor for the reconciliation of occupational roles for these mothers; regardless if is a part-time or a full-time job.
Influência da dor lombar crônica inespecífica com ou sem sensibilização central nos aspectos biopsicossociais e capacidade funcional de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Marques, José Salvador Ribeiro
;
Gramani-Say, Karina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0922753791725357
Nonspecific chronic low back pain (DLCI) is considered one of the main complaints reported by the elderly, leading them to a decline in several biopsychosocial and functional variables. The literature reports that the chronicity of low back pain may be related to impairments in functional capacity and in the psychosocial realm. DLCI can promote changes in the brain's representation of pain, and patients may experience central sensitization (SC), that is, an amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system causing hypersensitivity to pain. Thus, this study aims to assess the influence of the DLCI of elderly people in the context of social vulnerability and the influence of central awareness on biopsychosocial variables and on the functional capacity of elderly people with DLCI, in addition to describing sociodemographic and health variables such as gender, age , Body mass index (BMI), pain level and total pain areas. The analysis of the general results of our dissertation concludes that the decrease in mobility and balance may be involved with DLCI, in addition, the non-performance of 30 minutes of physical activity daily and the non-performance of physical activity in the community / neighborhood, may have positive influence with DLCI in the elderly in a context of high vulnerability, in addition, CS can influence the decrease in mobility, balance, power and resistance of the lower limbs, decrease in the pain-pressure threshold, increase in the degree of kinesiophobia and catastrophization, worsens of depressive symptoms and decreased quality of sleep in elderly people with DLCI. To this end, two studies were carried out: Study 1: Evaluation of biopsychosocial factors present in elderly people with chronic non-specific low back pain, in a context of high vulnerability Study 2: Influence of central sensitization on biopsychosocial variables and functional capacity in the elderly with chronic nonspecific low back pain
Cyberbullying contra professores: a autoridade escolar como alvo de violência virtual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Reis, Renan Aparecido da Silva
;
Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-2897
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4763163158241586
The contemporary context demonstrates that children and adolescents have increasingly used the virtual environment and the Internet as privileged spaces for communication, self-expression, and the establishment of social bonds. While bullying has traditionally been confined to the physical environment in which it occurs, its manifestations are no longer restricted to the spatial boundaries of schools or other face-to-face settings. In the digital context, such practices acquire new dynamics and significantly expand their reach, becoming what is known as cyberbullying. This phenomenon is characterized by intentional, repetitive, aggressive, and hostile actions or behaviors carried out by individuals or groups through electronic devices connected to the Internet, with the deliberate aim of causing harm, humiliation, or suffering to the victim. An important aspect of this issue concerns the expansion of the targets of virtual violence. Whereas such attacks were initially directed primarily at other students, they currently affect other members of the school community, especially teachers, who represent figures of pedagogical, disciplinary, and institutional authority. Considering the complexity of this scenario and the transformations in school relationships mediated by digital technologies, this study sought to identify the factors underlying the various forms of violence directed at teachers, as well as to analyze, from the perspective of Critical Theory, the contemporary role of humiliation and the public degradation of teachers’ image. To achieve these objectives, the study was organized into two parts. The first presents a theoretical and conceptual discussion of cyberbullying against teachers. The second consists of an analysis of videos portraying situations related to the research problem.
Más condições de vida na infância e na adolescência são fatores de risco para mortalidade precoce? Diferenças de sexo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Souza, Aline Fernanda de
;
Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8270182420214069
Background: Adverse early life conditions seem to be associated with negative health outcomes. However, it is not known whether such conditions can contribute to the occurrence of an early death. Aims: Investigate the association between adverse early life conditions and mortality prior to 80 years and whether there are sex differences. Method: 941 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who died (before or after 80 years) between 2007 and 2018. At baseline (2006), all participants were evaluated regarding their socioeconomic status, infectious diseases and parental stress in childhood and adolescence. Logistic regression models were created for each sex and adjusted by the socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical variables of the participants in 2006. Results: Living with only one parent (OR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.35 – 10.67), overprotected by the father (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.25) and having an infectious disease in childhood or adolescence (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.15 – 3.66) were associated with the risk of death prior to 80 years of age among the men. Overprotection by the father (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.39) was a risk factor for death prior to 80 years, whereas a low occupational class of the head of the household (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34 – 0.98) and high levels of care from the mother in childhood and adolescence (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76 – 0.99) were protection factors among the women. Conclusions: Worse socioeconomic and health conditions in childhood and adolescence increase the risk of early death among men. Overprotection on the part of the father increases the risk of early death in both sexes, whereas high levels of care from the mother protects women from this situation.
Brincar-brinquedo, criar-fazendo: entrelaçando pluriversos de infâncias e crianças desde o sul de Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Pastore, Marina Di Napoli
;
Barros, Denise Dias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6607056840278610
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6503869870939841
Based on the understanding of children as sociocultural beings and active agents in the productions of the world around them, this study aims productions of the world around them, the present work aims to understand the play and the relationships that precede, mediate and succeed them, as a meaningful activity of children and possibility of transformations and rereading of possible worlds, from three Mozambican communities located in the south of the country. The longitudinal fieldwork carried out from 2014 to 2018 covered three main data collection periods: six months during 2014, 2017 and 2018 in the communities of Mabotine (urban area of the capital of Maputo ), Matola A (peri-urban area of the city of Matola) and Nhandlovo (rural area in the city of Massinga, Inhambane), with children aged 3 years to 17 years. The places where the ethnographic research happened permeated the places where the children were, especially those in the community, such as the streets, the backyards, the “secret” spaces, the river, the houses, the schools, among others considered significant for them. With the ethnography, other methods have also been employed in seeking a greater understanding of play: photography, drawing, video, unstructured interviews, semi-structured interviews, and informal conversations. From the data collected and analyzed, four main points were worked on: the idea of being a child from the perspective of children and adults themselves; the playing and construction of toys from discarding material; play and the relationship with nature and landscapes; images of play and the use of photography. The aspect is brought, analyzed and discussed in chapters that follow the present thesis, considering its relationship with occupational therapy, its practices and theories. The results point to a kaleidoscope of diversity and language used by children in play, understood as a way of being in the world and from their spatiotemporal relations. Finally, questions are raised about the potentialities of future development in African and childhood studies, pointing to the coexistence of childhood and child pluriverses, as well as possible research methods.
O ensino de língua estrangeira sob o viés da teoria das operações predicativas e enunciativas: um estudo dos verbos frasais do inglês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-13)
Passarelli, João Daniel França
;
Onofre, Marilia Blundi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8467695250878492
This work’s aim is to analyze the intra and interlinguistic translation processes in teaching and learning English as a foreign language (LE) and Portuguese as mother tongue (LM). Using Antoine Culioli’s Theory of Predictive and Enunciative Operations (TPEO) as theoretical foundation, we start from the premise that language is by nature a dialogic activity that is constituted by a continuous process of translation. This study proposal confronts two teaching methodologies, an instrumental one, the most common in language teaching which, basically, takes native languages as objects of observation, disarticulating them from language, a fact that implies a notion of translation based on the linguistic system. The other methodology, supported by the author, is interactional / dialogical. Using TPEO’s principles, it demonstrates how this approach can be applied to foreign language teaching. To do so, we focus English phrasal verbs – a very troublesome issue for nonnative students because of their traits that are specifically typical of the English language. Based on an enunciative perspective, we will discuss the functioning of these structures as well as the approaches to teaching them. To support that discussion, we use a corpus made of twenty sentences from various sources such as films, songs, international newspapers, dictionaries and textbooks.
Synthesis and characterization of CH3NH3SnI3, Mn doped CH3NH3SnI3 and oxygen-deficient TiO2 as visible-light active semiconductors
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Dawson, Margaret
;
Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
CH3NH3SnI3 is an environmentally-friendly (lead-free) perovskite whose synthesis depends on SnI2. Some disadvantages of SnI2 include high cost and tin(IV) contamination. Thus, SnSO4 and ‎C16H30O4Sn are presented as cheaper alternatives and different synthesis conditions were studied: 110 oC/10 min, 150 oC/10 min and 150 oC/20 min. Based on X-ray diffraction results, CH3NH3SnI3 was successfully synthesized, being 110 oC/10 min sufficient for phase formation. However, annealing at 150 oC improved crystallinity irrespective of precursor while prolonged annealing time (20 min) was detrimental to the C16H30O4Sn-based perovskite. Film morphology differed by type of precursor. The bandgaps (1.37-1.59 eV) and photoluminescence emissions (831 nm) of the samples characterize them as visible light active semiconductors. Because CH3NH3SnI3 suffers from Sn2+ oxidation to Sn4+, some studies have proposed doping with metal cations. So far, Mn has not been tested. Thus, Mn (2% and 10% mol) doped CH3NH3SnI3 samples were synthesized and characterized. Mn did not disrupt the perovskite structure but slightly increased bandgap. Chlorine from the Mn precursor is not eliminated by annealing, thus could affect material properties. Regarding stability, Mn partially stabilized CH3NH3SnI3, indicating the need for an optimum level of doping. Mn doping does not seem to improve the photovoltaic properties of CH3NH3SnI3, but it should be noted that the solar cells were not optimized. Several questions about CH3NH3SnI3 cells are still open, including alternative TiO2 compatible with the same. Here, oxygen-deficient TiO2 powders were studied. Electron paramagnetic spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed oxygen vacancy. Photocatalytic and photocurrent tests showed activity under visible light and an optimum level of oxygen vacancies for lower recombination and high charge separation, important properties for photovoltaic applications.
Permanência universitária: quando o pedagógico se une ao econômico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Mattos, Hellen Cristina Xavier da Silva
;
Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8605625866125060
The subject of this research is part of the studies on the expansion and inclusion of Brazilian public higher education. We have as analysis object the university permanence from the students experiences who participate in a proposal of tutoring among peers for the permanence and academic success. The goal of this research is to analize the role of the Grupo de Tutoria do Programa de Acompanhamento Acadêmico do Estudante de Graduação (PAAEG) for the university permanence, problematizing the articulation between economic and pedagogic dimensions of the difficulties faced by the undergraduates, aiming to understand the developments of the institutional actions related to the pedagogical dimension of university permanence in adaptation strategies and in the formation of the student in the scientific field. The research is qualitative and uses Pierre Bourdieu’s contributions as its theoretical foundation. This is a field research, using online questionnaires and semi structured interviews, individual and in pairs, with twelve students who participate in the PAAEG tutoring group at UFSCar on the São Carlos campus and individual interviews only on three tutors that participate in the same program. The results indicated that the difficulties in adapting and staying at university related to the pedagogical dimension are related to the intensity of the studies, fragility of previous school contents, difficulties in the disciplines and pedagogical practices. University permanence is perceived by the students in questions related to the economic, pedagogical and psychological dimensions, and the institution has a special contribution in the economic dimension. Peer tutoring favors university permanence by offering academic support, welcoming to the student, familiarization with the university and a space where students feel more comfortable to expose their doubts and difficulties due to the closer relationship with tutors than with the professors. We infer that, in order to play the university field game, students needed to be equipped with school knowledge, cultural capital, and with a student habitus related to the field’s requirements, including in the face of hierarchical relationships with professors. We believe that the difficulties and situations of suffering experienced by students may be related to the university field’s pressure, especially for students who are still forming theirs university student habitus and acquiring the symbolic and cultural capital during the academic training. We understand that this suffering is intensified by the symbolic violence present in the gift ideology, which is reinforced by teaching practices that naturalize the academic work. The university´s permanence policy has been expanded with new proposals to support and welcome students, actions that are complementary to the financial support of scholarships, which are essential to the permanence. However, the pedagogic approach of peer tutoring has been the main strategy used by the institution to justify the increase in the Graduation Success Rate. In this way, contributing to academic success, PAAEG tutoring group also contributes to permanence. The student feels more capable, legitimized and strengthened to overcome the difficulties of the university field and graduate from the undergraduate course.
Diferenças e continuidades na arqueologia e na genealogia de Foucault: entre 1966 e 1976
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Arantes de Souza, Lívia Francisco
;
Stival, Monica Loyola
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624149613819754
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613714422089475
This dissertation aims to study the relationship between Foucault's archaeological and genealogical researches taking into consideration Les mots et les choses archeology of human sciences; the debate raised by the publication of this book; Foucault's elaborations on genealogy and the history in Nietzsche's thoughts; Foucault's methodological approach in L'Ordre du discours, the summaries of the courses at the Collège de France of the first half of the 1970s and the Il faut défendre la société course. Our goal is to observe the introduction of new problems and concepts, conceptual changes, and how Foucault's attention moves towards addressing the relationship between discursive practices and practices of another nature. The hypothesis that conducts this research considers that, at the moment when Foucault marks the dispersed character of the genealogies of the early 1970s, he begins an investigation that touches the task of revising how the history of history is told, indicated in Les mots et les choses, but based on the conceptual redefinitions provided by the debate around the publication of book in 1966. Thus, we consider that Foucault's archaeological and genealogical researches are marked by complementary conceptual shifts and that the discussion about his methodological approaches gains in quality if we avoid using the framework of Foucault's philosophical trajectory in well-defined methodological phases.
O professor mediador-orientador na modelagem matemática: movimentos de constituição de uma representação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Cambi, Betina
;
Caldeira, Ademir Donizeti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8185048034258055
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3060279988975263
This research aims to analyze utterances related to the role of the teacher who develops Mathematical Modelling activities, in order to discuss some conditions that allowed the construction of a pedagogical truth about the teacher. On these grounds Mathematical Modelling, in Mathematical Education, was considered from a discursive perspective, and the theorizations of the philosopher Michel Foucault used as theoreticalmethodological basis, mainly the methodological tools such as discourse and utterance. The analytical material covers theses and dissertations defended from 1987 to 2016 that report, discuss, problematize the development and application of classroom Modelling activities in Elementary and secondary School. Examination of the analytical material showed the emergence of four utterances regarding the teacher who develops Modelling activities: the teacher, when developing Modelling activities, ceases to be a transmitter and becomes a guide-mediator in the teaching process; the teacher who develops Modelling needs to master it, study it, prepare to implement it, and know the mathematical discipline; The teacher, by developing Modelling, would enable the creation of an environment of freedom, creativity, autonomy, encouraging reflection; The teacher experiences difficulty and insecurity when developing Modelling activities. The analysis was developed on the statement “The teacher, when developing Modelling activities, ceases to be a transmitter and becomes a guide-mediator in the teaching process” since its understood that the other mapped statements are characterized each as a branch, a derivation of the change of attitude of the teacher, that is, from transmitter to mediator, characterizing itself as a nuclear utterance. From the analysis undertaken we analyze the transformations, the changes that occurred in the discourses - more specifically the pedagogical - and which operated for the establishment of the practice of mediation as a pedagogical truth in the field of Mathematical Modelling. In this process we realize that the deweyano pedagogical discourse, the discourse for a new school and the constructivist speech operated for the emergence of the practice of mediation associated with the teaching figure, so that they intertwine with the discourse of Modelling itself, even operating to its own constitution. Finally, the analysis gives visibility to the discourse of Modelling while a mechanism that operates in the crystallization of the representation of the figure of the mediator teacher in the educational field.
Efeitos de diferentes intensidades de um treinamento muscular inspiratório em ciclistas recreacionais: uma abordagem metabolômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Sakaguchi, Camila Akemi
;
Catai, Aparecida Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2175151508733550
The inspiratory muscle training is a potential complementary method to sports training aiming to improve sports performance, but the metabolic mechanisms related to this technique and the best training intensity remains unknown. The analysis of the studies investigating the exercise-induced effects on human metabolome and its most relevant findings would contribute to a synthesis of the main metabolites changed by physical exercise and exercise modalities, supporting the interpretation and results in the investigation of effects to the IMT at different intensities using a metabolomics approach. Therefore, this thesis comprises 2 studies: Study 1: Aim: To provide a qualitative appraisal of metabolomics-based studies published over the past decade exploring exercise-induced alterations of the human metabolome. Methods: This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, SCOPUS and Web of Science. The quality of the studies was assessed using a scoring system created specifically for metabolomics studies. Eligibility criteria for inclusion comprised: the use of metabolomics to measure exercise-induced changes in metabolites, healthy participants, the use of serum, plasma, urine or saliva samples. Reviews, case reports, guidelines, theses and dissertations, conference abstracts, and studies using animal or in vitro models were not included. Results: from a total of 1355 studies identified, 24 were included. Of these papers, 63% focused on acute metabolite changes following intense and prolonged exercise. The best studies utilized liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical platforms with large chemical standard libraries and strong, multivariate bioinformatics support. These studies reported large-fold changes in diverse lipid-related metabolites. Metabolite shifts, even after strenuous exercise, typically return to near pre-exercise levels after one day of recovery. Conclusion: Only few studies investigated metabolite changes following acute exercise bouts of shorter durations (< 60 min) and workload volumes. Plasma metabolite shifts in these types of studies are modest comparing to high intensity and long duration exercise studies. More studies are needed to improve scientific understanding of the human system’s response to varying, chronic exercise workloads. The findings derived from this review provide direction for future investigations focused on the body’s metabolome response to exercise. Study 2: Aim: To investigate the chronic effects of different intensities of an inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on the human serum metabolome in healthy male recreational cyclists. Methods: Using a randomized, parallel group design, twenty-eight participants were randomized to three IMT groups: low intensity (LI, n=7); moderate intensity (MI, n=10), and high intensity (HI, N =11). The IMT was performed for 11 weeks. Another group of participants under the same conditions, who did not perform the IMT but participated in all procedures, was included as controls (CG, N=6). Blood samples were analyzed for metabolite shifts using 1H NMR. Statistical analysis included a 4 (group) x 2 (time) repeated measures ANOVA using the general linear model (GLM), and multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: Untargeted metabolomics analysis of serum samples identified 22 metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Metabolites shifts did not differ between groups indicating that IMT at three intensity levels did not alter the serum metabolome relative to the control group. Conclusion: These results reveal novel insights to the metabolic effects of the IMT in human metabolomic and are consistent with the results from other studies showing negligible chronic alterations in the serum metabolome in response to physical training. Studies using more sensitive metabolomics platforms or supervised multivariate statistical analysis, large groups, and different population may continue to contribute to the investigation of the IMT metabolic effects.
Deleção oócito-específica da Rad51 em murinos e seu impacto sobre a função mitocondrial e a fertilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Augusto Neto, José Djaci
;
Chiaratti, Marcos Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0392078007500289
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1080605380868153
One of the first signs of aging in humans is the decrease in female fertility, which is accompanied by a reduction in the expression of proteins that integrate the Double Strand Break (DSB) repair machinery, such as BRCA1, ATM, MRE11 and RAD51. Therefore, the deficiency of such proteins may result in oocytes of poor quality, with early separation of sister chromatids, aneuploidy, chromosomal breaks as well as increased apoptosis susceptibility. Hence, the present work aimed at inducing oocyte-specific deletion of Rad51 in mice and assess its effects upon fertility, gamete development and mitochondria function. As a result, wild-type (Rad51fl/fl) and knockout (Rad51 +/- , Rad51-/- ) females delivered, respectively 8.8, 7.8 and 2.8 pups/litter. Moreover, pups born to Rad51-/- oocytes showed a ~30% mortality rate; however the pups that survived until weaning were considered viable. It was not observed an effect of knockouts on oocyte growth, cumulus-oocyte complex morphology, and the number of ovulated oocytes with first polar body. Likewise, Rad51 knockout did not impact on mitochondrial function as judged by assessing the levels of NAD(P)H, FAD, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP. However, Rad51-/- oocytes presented a larger level of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, we conclude that RAD51 is not essential for oocyte development and mitochondrial function, however its deficiency results in subfertility.
Intelectuais insurgentes no campo da formação de professores/as
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Cardoso, Ivanilda Amado
;
Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5982358209677173
In this research, I followed training paths based on the trajectory and production of black women and their inferences in educational spaces. The objective was to position insurgent intellectuals in the field of teacher education, representing the multiple voices of black teachers from the biography and bibliography of the Intellectual Insurgent Doctor Doctors Maria de Lourdes Siqueira, Ana Célia da Silva, Vanda Machado, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves and Silva and Joyce Elaine King. The field of teacher education is a space for the struggle for democracy and the realization of the anti-racist society project, so there is an emergency in the location of concepts and epistemologies that erase and question the pedagogical tendencies of Eurocentric bases. In this perspective, with input and methodological tool of the Escrevivência, intertwining and braiding memories and concepts, I present the dignified trajectory of life and interdisciplinary theoretical production available in books, articles, lectures and audiovisual material of the insurgent intellectuals as practical and theoretical potentials for the field of teacher training.
Inclusão intelectual no ensino regular: perímetros e áreas de regiões poligonais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-14)
Collareda, Susana Michelim
;
Pires, Rogério Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9795154443896516
This paper discusses the performance of geometric activities, involving perimeter and area of polygons: square, rectangle and right triangle, using manipulative materials with three students with intellectual disability disorder in different degrees. The activities were developed in the school environment in which the performance and conceptual understanding of the activities were observed and how they reacted when submitted to tasks that inferred the development of their motor, intellectual and social skills using concrete materials as a pedagogical method. Given the paradigm of the inclusion of students with special needs in the schools of the municipal and state public network, a need arose to realize the learning of these students. Thus, a pedagogical didactic survey was made, especially in Vygotski's theories, which could base theories and practices that stimulate the ludic of these students with intellectual development disorder, making the teaching and learning process something more accessible and pleasant to them. All research was conceptualized qualitatively, seeking to answer the following question: “What are the possible contributions of a proposal to use manipulative materials for the teaching of perimeters and areas of the polygonal regions: square, rectangle and triangle rectangle, for 9th grade students Fundamental with intellectual disability? ”The concrete manipulative materials helped in the development of playfulness and played an important role in the present project, through them it was possible to observe how students with intellectual disabilities improved their knowledge and how this knowledge could be part of their daily lives. The insertion of manipulative materials in the process of knowledge construction provided significant changes in the learning of individuals with special needs studied in this research, such as: understanding and using the perimeter in other areas of knowledge such as art; resignify the mediating relationship of the wisest colleagues, valuing their help; recognizing in the material forms and methods used in everyday life. These materials could facilitate the comprehension of the contents addressed providing a playful way for learning, favored the mediator intervention of the teacher.