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Violências simbólicas retratadas por fábulas: espaços de diálogo em uma escola estadual de ensino integral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Rosa, Célia Maria; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6175189001835554
This work aimed to identify and analyze what Middle School and High School students understood about symbolic violence, with reflection on violence in three planes: in society, school and interpersonal relationships. The hypothesis was that the students realize – when there is dialogue and clarifications – the importance of reflecting on violence in the school environment, and this allows a more welcoming coexistence, preventing conflicts. Otherwise – without reflections on symbolic violence – just a little would be said about the subject. It was held in a full-time public school in the interior of the State of São Paulo and was characterized as an intervention research of an exploratory qualitative character. The students' understanding was analyzed through fables, according to the analysis. It was concluded that: even though they did not have understanding of symbolic violence, students – after exercises provided in elective discipline with open dialogue and explanations of various issues they did not understand – began to see violence, especially symbolic, with another view. In the moral of the fables, discrimination and prejudice of race, ethnicity and beauty were investigated, demonstrating that students understood symbolic violence. On the other hand, they pointed out that breaking with these patterns is something complex and difficult. It is clear that young students expect to be accepted by groups, feeling pain and the need for acceptance, which makes the student reject who she/he is, and become what the group would like her/him to be. Due to the complexity of the theme, investment is indispensable in public policies and also in research and interventions, so that strategies and methodologies capable of acting in contextualized and commited way can be thought of together with the prevention of violence, and then, rescue the socializing function of the school.
Qual é a “SUAS”? A terapia ocupacional e o Sistema Único de Assistência Social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Oliveira, Marina Leandrini de; Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4017135326666314
Social assistance was established as a field that sought to avoid disruption of the social fabric, thus preserving the contradictory capitalist logic, in addition to outlining a history marked by welfarism, philanthropy and volunteerism as main guidelines, in a long process until its recognition as a right. In Brazil, the paths towards the composition of social assistance as a public policy of State intervention culminated in the recent organization of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) in 2005. During its implementation, which occurred by means of Resolution no. 17, 2011, of the National Council on Social Assistance, the possibility of insertion of occupational therapists as part of the team and management of SUAS was made official, and such professionals were recognized. In view of the recent officialization of this category and the absence of nationally compiled data on professional insertion and practice in the sector, this study aimed to identify, describe and analyze the characteristics of professional insertion and the practices developed by occupational therapists in the social assistance units that compose the SUAS network. To this end, the methodological procedures were organized in two stages: one associated with a survey of the number of professionals working in the SUAS and another focused on the description and analysis of their insertion and practices, with the latter structured in three parts, as follows: 1) Online questionnaires – after completion of Stage I, when 1323 occupational therapists linked to social assistance were identified in 2016, professionals were contacted by telephone and invited to participate in the study by responding to the online questionnaire, and 242 forms were obtained; 2) Interviews – ten of these respondents were interviewed, and the interviews were recorded and transcribed; 3) Visits – four 5-day visits were made to social assistance units to observe the practices of occupational therapists, which were recorded in field diaries. Results from the different stages provided a set of information on the professionals regarding their insertion (region of the country, social assistance unit, employment bond, function, workload, schooling, and professional training) and developed practices (objectives of the interventions, types of assistance/follow-up, resources and activities used, among others). Association of these data with those made available by the Brazilian Ministry of Social Development in 2017 revealed that occupational therapists working in social assistance are predominantly female (n=93%), practice in the Southeast region (n=60%), in outpatient clinics (n=53%), with official employment bond (n=50%), and a 30-hour weekly workload (n=30%). As for qualitative data, these professionals develop various interventions, according to the particularities of the different units, namely, reception, workshops, individual and family follow-ups, home visits, and intersectoral network articulation. It was identified that such practices occur according in/with everyday lives, and are aimed at expanding the social support networks of users at the primary and secondary levels, paving ways to contribute to social protection. In conclusion, occupational therapists are linked to the SUAS as practitioners within the social assistance policy, and contribute to meeting to the demands of the sector and the needs of the population, in order to foster promotion of social protection.
Efeito da educação em neurociência da dor associado ao pilates na catastrofização para idosos com dor lombar crônica: ensaio randomizado controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Rossetti, Estefani Serafim; Gramani-Say, Karina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074; Hortense, Priscilla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3401391863132028
Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) aims to reconceptualize maladaptive behaviors and modify erroneous pain beliefs. Objective: Analyze the effects of pain neuroscience education on pain catastrophization in elderly people with chronic low back pain who underwent pilates. Design and Method: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. The participants were divided into two groups: Pilates Group associated with Education in Neurosciences of Pain - PEG and Pilates Group - PG. Inclusion criteria: age equal to or above 60 years old, main complaint of chronic non-specific low back pain, score indicating absence of cognitive alteration in the Mini Mental State Examination according to education and absence of depressive symptoms in the Geriatric Depression Scale. Exclusion criteria: having undergone non-pharmacological treatments for pain management in the last six months, being involved in regular sports activities, having fractures of the lower limbs, medical diagnosis of fibromyalgia, neoplasms and neurological impairment. The protocol for the PEG included three individual sessions of 30 minutes of PNE and 8 weeks of Pilates (twice a week, for 50 minutes each meeting. The PG obtained the same protocol as the Pilates. The primary outcome analyzed was pain catastrophization and secondary outcomes, kinesiophobia, disability and pain intensity. For comparisons of variables, the post-test using orthogonal contrasts was used. The sample calculation was carried out based on a pilot study and indicated 40 individuals per group. covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was performed between groups in relation to the deltas. Results: In intra-group comparisons, statistical differences were observed in the pre-post, pre-follow-up, post-follow-up moments with improvement of all variables studied in both groups.In the intergroup comparison, no association was found between the PEG and PG groups in the pre-post and follow-up moments in any of the variables studied through the ANCOVA covariance analysis. There is no evidence that the PEG obtained a greater change in results when compared to the PG. Discussion: The analyzes of intergroup comparisons of the pre and post differences in the variables catastrophization, kinesiophobia, disability and pain intensity did not show evidence that PEG had additional effects when compared to PG. A probable advantage of PNE was that dropout rates for PEG were lower than for PG, showing that PNE increased adherence to exercise. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the addition of PNE to the Pilates intervention did not lead to an additional effect for elderly people with nonspecific chronic low back pain. The clinical relevance of the study is that Pilates is a safe intervention for elderly people with non-specific chronic low back pain and PNE can increase adherence to exercise for this population. This study is registered on the platform of the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Rebec, under the protocol U1111-1190-673.
Representações de estudantes de uma comunidade ribeirinha sobre a floresta amazônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Souza, Adriana Costa de; Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2259147322304589
This research aims to identify the representations about the Amazon Forest of the people who live in it, that is, students of the elementary school, looking for relations with their social surroundings and schooling. Thus, the participating school, as it is inserted in the Amazon region, is configured as a favorable place to understand how these students' representations about the Amazon forest are constituted. In a qualitative nature, this investigation is based on (a) the notion of representation from the studies of Hall (1997), immersed in the theoretical field of Cultural Studies; (b) investigation of how the interviewed students learn, through the investigations of Carvalho (2013); and (c) in the phenomenological principles, using the method of analysis described by Giorgi (2010), in order to value the experiences lived by the subjects in the real context in which they live, considering their relationship with him. This research was developed in a municipal school in the city of Manaus, located in a ribeirinha area, on the banks of the Negro River, immersed in a Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS), with the participation of 34 students from the 6th to the 9th grade, of elementary education. To obtain the data, the following instruments were used: collection of pedagogical documents, application of questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis process runs through two moments: contextual and analytical. From this research, it can be concluded that the school, as one of the educational instances, constituting knowledge, can contribute to the emancipation of the riverside peoples, offering an education that respects their diversity. In addition, science education, as a field of knowledge, can take on new structures in favor of demystifying stereotypes, generalizations about the Amazon Forest and its population.
Espaço de educação superior da América Latina e Caribe: pontos e estratégias predominantes para sua constituição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Castilho, Katlin Cristina de; Lima, Paulo Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0988882539385952
In this study, we analyzed the predominant points and strategies for the construction and management of the Higher Education Area of Latin America and the Caribbean (EESALC), from the specialized literature on subjects and lectures by Brazilian university professors, students involved in actions and referrals accordingly. Used as a methodological basis or historical-dialectical material (MARX, 1985, 2004, 2007, 2011; LUKÁCS, 1979; LIMA, 2003; PAULO NETTO, 2011), we visualize exhibiting a tension between variables and contradictions in production relations, such as are imperative in reading the object. This study had as a starting point a discussion on a theme via the state of knowledge of the investigation and had questionnaires as instruments of data collection that were applied to university professors at UNICAMP and UFMG (in a total of 24 participants) are part of the pilot plan of the ongoing LAC integration process, called the Latin American and Caribbean Higher Education Space (ENLACES). As the feedback points point out the central points for the construction and consolidation of the Higher Education Area of Latin America and the Caribbean (EESALC), from the respondents' statements were: 1) actions to establish proximity standards between the region's HEIs; 2) establishment of integration mechanisms based on the consolidation of common objects and actions, and 3) financing and financial resources. The strategies or measures for consolidation highlighted were: a) creation of a structure for credit equivalence and common disciplines for the bloc; b) academic mobility planning; c) promote the reduction of bureaucracies in the validation of the block's titles; d) design a curricular structure that includes all States involved in the block; e) provide resources and referrals to strengthen internationalization; among others. The study made it possible for us to realize that the construction and consolidation of the Latin American and Caribbean Higher Education Area is possible and could expand university relations and partnerships between partner governments, however, it is necessary to engage in more directive and planned dialogues for their achievement.
Estudo da influência de nanopartículas de ouro na atividade de lipase de Pseudomonas fluorescens imobilizada em nanopartículas superparamagnéticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Reis, Eduardo Arizono dos; Moraes, Fernando Cruz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8597473049054728; Marques Netto, Caterina Gruenwaldt Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8042236152815373; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3094435532268169
The growing interest in the application of biocatalysts in several industrial sectors made the enzymatic immobilization stand out among the possible strategies to enable the use of these catalysts. This strategy has the main advantage of stabilizing the biocatalyst even in changes in temperature, pressure and pH, however, there are disadvantages such as the loss of activity in relation to the free biocatalyst and the empiricism of the technique. To overcome these problems, different supports, immobilization protocols and biocatalytic systems have been studied. One of the focuses of this work was to remove the empiricism of the immobilization technique using factorial planning. For this, magnetic nanoparticles were chosen as a support due to the ease of separation from the reaction medium with the use of an external magnetic field. Thus, to evaluate the influence of the surface modification of magnetic particles in the enzymatic immobilization process, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method using stabilizers with different liquid charges: cationic, zwitterionic and anionic. From the XRD results, it is observed that the magnetic supports synthesized in the presence of anionic surfactant were smaller (≈10 nm), however, the particles synthesized in the presence of the cationic surfactant showed higher densities of amine groups than the other two particles. Pseudomonas fluorecens lipase was chosen as a model enzyme to develop factor planning in the optimization of variables in the immobilization protocol. The optimized parameters were lipase concentration, nanoparticle mass, cross-linker concentration, pH and immobilization time. It was observed that only pH had the greatest effect on immobilization, in which the lower the pH the greater the efficiency of immobilization, reaching a maximum at pH 5, close to the isoelectric point of the enzyme (pI = 4.7). It was observed that the greater the immobilization efficiency, the higher the conversion values of soybean oil into fatty acid esters by hydrolysis followed by esterification. Among the optimized nanoparticles, it was observed by TEM that in the coating process there was an agglomeration of the same and a consequent decrease in the surface area, however, a better conversion was observed for the agglomerated nanoparticle than for the more dispersed nanoparticles. The reuse of the support after the denaturation of the immobilized enzymes was also tested and it was observed that it is possible to reuse the support in up to 3 consecutive immobilization cycles while maintaining the enzyme activity. When studying the influence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), it was observed that the order of addition of the gold particles on the enzymes interferes in the result, in which the addition of AuNPs after the immobilization of lipase in the magnetic nanoparticles caused a worsening of catalytic response. On the other hand, adding AuNPs to lipase before immobilization resulted in an improvement of up to 50% in the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme immobilized in the presence of light when compared to the activity of enzyme without AuNP. When compared to the activity of the immobilized enzyme in the absence of light, there was an improvement in the activity of about 4 times in the activity of the enzyme after the incidence of light in the system.
Pré-tratamento de fibras de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e seu uso em altos teores em compósitos com polipropileno via mistura termocinética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Lazarini, Rafael Gouveia; Marconcini, José Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5748192321224932
Agroindustrial residue from sugarcane generate more than 200 million tons of bagasse annually, rich in plant fibers that can be potentially applied in polymer composites. New processing routes are required to process composites with fiber contents above 50% w/w. The objective of this work was to pre-treat in natura bagasse fibers and incorporate them to polypropylene (PP) at high contents in the development of composites via thermokinetic mixture. The fibers were subjected to different chemical pre-treatments, which improved their thermal stability and increased crystallinity. Pre-treatments with 0.25 mol.L-1 of H2SO4 and NaOH were carried out on a large scale. Three grades of PP were investigated for their processability and degradation, with H201 being chosen for the composite formulation. These varied in fiber content between 50 and 80% w/w, and for the extremes, the effects of fibers pre-treatment and the use of SEBS-g-MA were evaluated. In general, composites with 50 and 60% showed a traditional composites morphology (matrix-interface-fiber), while those with 70 and 80% resembled agglomerated composites. The water absorption varied between 5 and 34%, increasing with fiber content. The crystallinity of the polymeric phase reached up to 55%. The flexural strength and the flexural modulus reached 31 MPa and 2.4 GPa, respectively, tending to decrease with fiber content. The impact strength of the composites reached 41 J.m-1. The pre-treatment of the fibers was effective only in composites with a lower fiber content, improving flexural strength. SEBS-g-MA acted as a compatibilizer in composites with 50 and 60% fibers, while it served as an impact modifier in the other ones. In summary, the work showed the viability of the processing route and good final properties of the materials, comparable to those used in similar applications, like MDF, WPC and particleboards.
A saúde mental brasileira sob o olhar decolonial: contribuições para o debate da saúde mental global a partir de uma experiência de cooperação internacional com a Itália
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Marques, Isabela Paschoalotto; Marcolino, Taís Quevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9097887051993128
Global Mental Health aims to understand the impact of mental disorders on different populations of the globe, and to fill the gap of access to diagnosis and effective treatments for people in distress, especially in low and middle income countries. However, these initiatives have meant the spread of hegemonic ways of understanding and dealing with the suffering that indicate a relationship with coloniality. Regarding the current dilemmas that permeate Global Mental Health, there is a need for research and practices that consider the local context and the daily lives of its actors. This research proposes to identify similarities, particularities and paradoxes around mental health care that emerge from the process of exchanging of knowledge, and from practices of an experience of international cooperation between Brazil and Italy; and to identify, through the decolonial perspective, possible relationships between the Global Mental Health movement and mental health care practices in the Brazilian locations that were surveyed. It was a qualitative collaborative research, based on an ethnographic approach proposed within a Virtual Community of Practices (CoP), which included the participation of family members, users, professionals and service managers, volunteers from associations, and researchers, from Brazil and Italy. The research field was constituted by health services and other territories in the cities of Araraquara, São Carlos, Perugia and Gubbio, and by the CoP's face-to-face and virtual spaces. The data produced was based on: online forms of characterization of participants; narrative and audiovisual materials produced by the participants in order to present their respective care practices; collective reports of face-to-face meetings; and the researcher's field diary. The data was analyzed with the use of the NVIVO software, following the prerogatives of Bardin's Content Analysis for coding the findings. The results were about: 1) the imaginary of the Brazilians about Italy, and of the Italians about Brazil; 2) the paradoxes of mental health care in both locations, namely a) the underfunding of the public health system, the privatization process and the implication of political elections for mental health; b) the centrality of psychiatry in the practice of care and its representation by the hero-villain binomial; c) the relationship between the absence of social support networks and asylum practices d) the lack of connectivity between the networks (intra-team, inter-team, and between teams and communities): technologies, time and collective suffering; e) the challenge of building territorial care with focus on promoting mental health. As a third point, it was possible to identify the resonances of Global Mental Health in Brazil, visualizing aspects of coloniality, as well as the possibilities of creating deviations and ruptures in the hegemonic approaches from local actors, and their context and daily life, with a focus on minor knowledges. The third space appears as a possibility to face the challenges related to international cooperation, practice and research. We concluded that the research enabled the establishemt of dialogue between Brazil and Global Mental Health, based on an experience of exchange with Italy, and that it opened perspectives for the construction of decolonial practices in mental health.
Letramento literário na sala de aula: as práticas pedagógicas de leitura e a atuação do aluno leitor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Brasileiro, Aparecida de Fátima; Brito, Luiz André Neves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6863292359239733; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6891740898180014
This research brings the result of the investigation of Pedagogical Practices of Literary Reading and the performance of the student/reader in a state public school of Guanambi (BA). As a theoretical framework, the research used the concepts of literacy centered on Street and Soares from an ideological perspective; Barton & Hamilton, using the notions of literacy practices and literacy events, especially the reflections of literary literacy studies of Cosson and Paulino; literature teaching reflected by Zilberman, Todorov, Marisa Lajolo; literary reader discussed by Lena Lois, Piglia and Michèle Petit. As a complementary support, this research was guided by the concepts of Marcia Abreu, Neide Rezende, Dalvi, among others. The problem led this thesis to the following question: how are the pedagogical practices of literary reading mediated and how is the performance of high school students/readers during the development of methodological practices of literary reading? To look for an answer for this investigation, it was defined as a qualitative research, based on ethnography as a methodological basis, to verify how the daily life of the classroom was configured, both in the teaching activities of the subject Portuguese and Brazilian Literature in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades of high school, and in the reader's positioning when facing these practices. The corpus of the study comprised data collection through the analysis and interpretation of course syllabus, class observation, interview with three teachers and questionnaire with thirteen students, and the data were described, analyzed and interpreted. The data contributed to the reflection about the teaching mediation and the reader performance in the literary pedagogical spheres, in their varied supports and educational propositions. It was found that there is a diversity of Pedagogical Practices of Literary Reading, not consisting of rules to be followed, but of constructions in accord with the reality of the teaching context. This multiplicity demonstrated a dialogical relationship among the teaching community and encouraged the reader's performance. This performance was frequent, even non-literary readers made use of Reading Simulation Strategies to demonstrate their performance. As a result, it was verified the need to take the data to be reflected with the educators, in order to encourage the research about the reader and to promote mediation practices that allow the discursive exchange and the reflection about the teaching-learning process.
Análise dos transcriptomas de Paspalum notatum Flúggé e Paspalum vaginatum Swartz em condição de déficit hídrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Arakaki, Joyce Etsuko; Vigna, Bianca Baccili Zanotto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1663784979286725; Borra, Ricardo Carneiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5655362515357840; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624965858019656
Drought is one of the abiotic stresses that most affect plant growth and productivity. Grasses of the genus Paspalum are used successfully in pastures and lawns, and some ecotypes of Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass) have good forage quality, while some Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) have high tolerance to salinity. In addition, the potential for drought resistance of both species has already been described, making them interesting for transcriptome studies under water deficit. The aim of the project is to evaluate the gene expression profile of two Paspalum genotypes in response to water deficit. Two genotypes (P. vaginatum BGP 114 and P. notatum BGP 216) with different drought resistance strategies were selected from five accessions of Paspalum (P. indecorum Mez BGP 24, P. notatum Flüggé BGP 216, P. vaginatum Swartz BGP 114, P. modestum Mez BGP 23 and BGP 32) previously evaluated according to their physiological characteristics under water deficit. Leaf samples in two water conditions were collected: without water stress (soil relative moisture 28%) and with 6% soil moisture reached after five days of water stress for P. notatum and eight days for P. vaginatum. RNAs were extracted from the samples and cDNA libraries were prepared, which were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Bioinformatics analyzes were carried out to: characterize the quality of the de novo assembly transcriptomes; analyze the differential gene expression between plants with and without water stress and perform the functional annotation of genes and metabolic pathways. The gene expressions found in silico were validated via real-time PCR. From the physiological and molecular analyzes it was possible to identify that the genotypes combine different strategies to resist drought, and the avoidance and tolerance dehydration strategies were found in both accessions. The enrichment of gene ontology terms enabled the identification of specific strategies for each genotype, such as escape dehydration for P. vaginatum and dormancy for P. notatum. The characterization and classification of these accessions regarding their water stress tolerance strategies and a better understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved may contribute to the identification of genes of interest aiming at gene editing in order to develop stress-tolerant grasses better adapted to the different scenarios and climate changes.
Educação especial na EJA: análise do processo de construção da prática docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Nogueira, Marcela Fontão; Campos, Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3169299095370522; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7068478667644135
The present study brought as main questioning the way teachers of the regular classroom build their practice, their teaching work with student’s public target of special education (EPAEE), considering their training initial, continuous and in service. The general objective was analyze the narratives of the teachers about the process of training and pedagogical practices and specific objectives identify the types of initial and continuous training of teachers in the regular classroom; analyze the training in service offered in the school and analyze how the teachers perceive and reflect their performance in front of the EPAEE in an Integrated Youth and Adult Education Center (CIEJA) of the municipal education network in the city of São Paulo. We used the qualitative approach, and this exploratory research is, type case study. The instruments for data collection were a questionnaire with closed questions and the written record of the training in service and the planning of classes and teaching performance. Data analysis was structured from the coding cycles, with the aid of ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis software. The participants were divided into two groups, one with those who had some type of initial or continuing training in Special Education (EE) and with those who did not have it. For each of the narratives there were three distinct codes, which dialogued both with the teachers' speech and with the theoretical framework adopted in this study: Paulo Freire and the Pedagogy of the Oppressed. As results we found that the initial training in EJA and Special Education contemplated less half of the participants, the same occurred with the continuing training in EE, despite the advantages that this training can bring to career evolution teaching. Regarding the training in service, this proved to be effective regarding support emotional and specific learning, but insufficient in frequency. There was no significant difference in the narratives of the two groups, which indicates that the practice teacher, if conscious and problematizing, added to the training in service can mitigate any lags in the initial and/or continuous formation. The results of analysis of teacher planning and practice indicated that teachers made the curriculum more flexible through reflection on practice itself, which used dialogue both in planning and practices, valuing the knowledge of students and finally did so collaboratively, building their teaching practice in partnership with other teachers and with the students themselves.
Mídia online: direito das mulheres à amamentação prolongada na perspectiva de gênero
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Ignatios, Mariana Nunes; Fabbro, Márcia Regina Cangiani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978014098495031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028614658876706
Although scientific evidence supports the clear benefits of breastfeeding for the mother, baby, family, society and our environment, there is limited improvement in this regard, and the key indicators remain stagnant. To amplify the practice of breastfeeding, efforts in several social fronts will be necessary. Early start, along with exclusive and continuous practice of breastfeeding are influenced by key factors such as social trends, media awareness and the availability of products in the market. Among these, media is an important factor to influence and stimulate breast feeding The present study has the objective of analyzing online media, more specifically Globo G1's coverage of prolonged breastfeeding, considering gender and human rights aspects. It is a documental study, exploratory,descriptive and qualitative in nature, utilizing themes from the G1 site. The data set was retrieved using Google, and includes news items from 2012 to 2018. The starting date was chosen based on a cover page article of Time Magazine, where prolonged breast feeding was featured, and which spread throughout the world. Content Analysis method was used to classify the news items. The results indicate that, although breast feeding practice involves directly the mother-woman, their own expectations, needs and livehood are not taken into consideration. The majority of pro-breastfeeding articles continue to focus on the importance of the practice due to benefits to the babies health. In that context, the female body continues to be regulated socially rather than focusing in the intersubjective process between mothers and their spouses, family and society. We conclude that media does not play a satisfactory role, often reproducing gender stereotypes that do not help women and families in their decision making process. We confirm that media has an important roleto play with relation to themes and modern pro-breastfeeding policies and their effects on womens' perspectives. We conclude that media has to bring together the theme of mother-woman, their needs and expectations, when breastfeeding is the focus when trying to improve indicators. It must also re-think its own role in reproducing norms and sexist conducts.
Determinação experimental de parâmetros de interação e aplicação na simulação CFD-DEM de leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Borges, Laira Pinto; Béttega, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6848702293169016
Spouted beds feature the intense mixture of solids, which favors the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer. The understanding of these phenomena is associated with the difficult to obtain details of fluid dynamics by the experimental route, as the measurements can be instrusive, causing changes in the results. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) proved to be able to assist in this aspect, spreading in the study of spouted beds. With the advance in the processing capacity of computers, there is an expansion in the use of the coupling between CFD and the Discrete Element Method (DEM), known as CFD-DEM. The CFD-DEM is a tool with a high application potential, since it allows to study the phenomena in the particle scale. However, its use depends on the interaction parameters (restitution coefficient, rolling friction coefficient, static friction coefficient) to the model, whose correct definition is directly linked to the quality of the simulated response. Thus, the objective of this work was to obtain the interaction parameters between acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) spheres, and these with acrylic spheres, through direct measurement, and application in CFD-DEM simulations of a 3D conical spout bed. To validate the simulations, experimental fluid-dynamic curves of three ABS masses were obtained: 400 g, 300 g and 200 g, in a spout bed constructed of acrylic, with a cylinder diameter of 142 mm. Subsequently, simulations were performed using the Two Fluids Model (TFM) to compare the Lagrangean and Eulerian approaches for describing the solid phase. The experimental fluid dynamic curves are consistent with the literature, with minimum spouting velocity 14.8, 13.2, and 11.8 m / s for the masses of 400 g, 300 g and 200 g respectively. Subsequently, simulations were performed using the Two Fluids Model (TFM) to compare the Lagrangean and Eulerian approaches for describing the solid phase. The experimental fluid-dynamic curves are consistent with the literature, with minimum spouting velocities of 14.8, 13.2, and 11.8 m / s for the masses of 400 g, 300 g and 200 g respectively. The curves obtained with CFD-DEM showed a behavior close to the experimental one, indicating the reliability of the interaction parameters obtained experimentally. The minimum spouting velocities were 14.7, 12.3 and 9.1 m / s for the masses of 400, 300 and 200 g of solids, respectively. The largest deviation was obtained for the 200 g mass, being approximately 20.5%. The curves obtained from the TFM do not show the same experimental behavior, with minimum spouting velocity of 7.1 and 6.2 m / s for the masses of 400 and 300 g respectively. Thus, the CFD-DEM simulations best represented the studied system, indicating the potential of the tool for application in the computational simulation of spouted beds.
Atravessamentos visuais e arteiras infâncias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Duran, Gisele Caroline Ruiz; Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1268808079256781
We live in times characterized by the ubiquity of images, which are exposed to us excessively every day. The children of times like these are already born immersed in this imagetic world, which educates, teaches, models and produces bodies, subjects and ways of life. The image, especially photography, is reflected in this work from the intersection between the researcher's experiences and subjectivities, the experiences lived with children in photographic workshops, the images produced by them and the thoughts of several authors who have studied the technique and photographic art. It seeks to establish montages: relationships, approximations and distances between experiences, memories, thoughts, fragments of writings and images; create tensions, voids and gaps in the interpretive framework, learn and unlearn, and from these encounters and mismatches produce a type of knowledge aimed at creating and inventing new ways of looking, researching, teaching, learning, feeling and making images, within and out of school.
Elaboração e validação de um questionário para avaliar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de médicos e enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde sobre assistência ao pré-natal de baixo risco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Frisanco, Fernanda Menegatti; Fabbro, Márcia Regina Cangiani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6978014098495031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9540155513179432
Introduction: Primary Health Care provides universal access to services and comprehensive health care, in addition to organizing health systems, with positive impacts on the health of populations, especially the most vulnerable ones. Prenatal care has received great prominence in Primary Health Care, in order to guarantee care quality and humanization, promoting maternal and child well-being and impacts on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this sense, the quality of a health service can be measured by the access to consumer goods as well as by the qualification of health professionals involved with prenatal care. The purpose of this study is the elaboration and validation of a questionnaire for studies of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of health professionals, specifically aimed at identifying these aspects in the assistance they provided in prenatal care. Objective: To develop and validate a questionnaire, using the methodology based, assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Primary Health Care doctors and nurses about low-risk prenatal care. Methods: It is research with methodology based on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices. It was developed with health professionals from the health units of Primary Health Care in a city in the interior of São Paulo. The steps of this study were: elaboration of the questionnaire based on recommendations from the area federations and technical manuals from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations and in the quick consultation manual for UNICAMP health professionals, reviewed by two experts in the medical field. Subsequently, the questionnaire was validated by 24 health professionals, doctors and nurses who work in prenatal care, selected by simple randomization. The data collected with the professionals were tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheets, with a quantitative analysis inferring how much the questions were properly understood by the respondents, the variability with which they were interpreted by them and how much the questionnaire was able to identify the points of interest to the research, as well as validating the intelligibility, the precision of the interpretability and the accuracy of the questions. Results: The results were presented through the responses obtained by the participants and are described in a table. In the topic Knowledge, eight conditions were demonstrated in relation to the care of pregnant women during prenatal care in Primary Health Care in which the participants marked right or wrong, the answers corresponded to more than 60% of correct answers, according to what the literature judges it correct; Also in this topic, some clinical cases were made available with the following contents: routine laboratory tests of prenatal care, risk factors for some health conditions, diagnosis and treatment of some common conditions during pregnancy, control of subsequent consultations, vaccination and shared care . In the topic of attitudes, it brought the opinion of the participants in relation to questions about the role of professionals in relation to the care of pregnant women during prenatal care. Most participants (82%) demonstrated positive attitudes towards this type of care. However, the positivity index for questions 19 and 24 was below 42%. In the topic of practices, the answers about the practices of the participants in relation to the care of pregnant women during prenatal care, highlighted that 100% of the participants presented positive practices about prenatal care. As for the critical assessment of the professionals in relation to the questionnaire, some suggestions for topics to be added to the instrument are highlighted, such as family planning, blood type and sexually transmitted infection during pregnancy. After the presentation of these results, the discussion took place, which was divided into two items: one that presents the characterization of the participants and the second with the responses and evaluation of the participants on the questionnaire, which resulted in the validation of the instrument. Considerations: It was concluded that the construction of the questionnaire and the analysis of the knowledge resulting from it allowed to validate the degree to which the questions were properly understood or misunderstood, the degree to which individuals within a group interpret the questions differently, the effectiveness of the questions in requesting adequate information and any areas of information that were invalided by the public of the proposed questionnaire. Its validation, following the steps proposed by the knowledge, attitudes and practices, allowed the conclusion of a version that is ready for future assessments of the knowledge, attitude and practice of professionals in the care of pregnant women, as well as showing clues as to the need for qualification of the professionals who provide assistance to low risk prenatal care in the Primary Health Care of this municipality.
Fadiga de aços TWIP de baixa densidade produzidos por conformação por spray e forjamento rotativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Vidilli, André Luiz; Coury, Francisco Gil; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8609825406277730; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9370748110219675
The present study evaluated the mechanical properties in monotonic and cyclic stress of two low-density steel designed by thermodynamic calculations aiming stacking fault energy values that would allow different plasticity induced mechanisms to operate. The material was processed by spray forming, using recycled feedstock from mild steel and aluminum engine block. The deposit was mechanically formed by rotary swaging and subsequent annealing. This processing route resulted in single-phase austenitic materials with minimal texture. A high density of deformation twins (TWIP effect) was observed in the steel with lower aluminum content after the monotonic test, achieving a final elongation of 73%. The TWIP effect was also present in the alloy with a higher aluminum content, which deformed 56% before fracture. The fatigue limits were determined by the staircase method, and through microstructural characterization of the fatigued specimens, it was concluded that the mechanical twins are generated even in cyclic loading, influencing the fatigue crack nucleation and propagation stages.
Desempenho da dupla tarefa em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer: um estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) SIlva, Danielle Chagas Pereira da; Andrade, Larissa Pires de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7514078831994178
Background: Motor performance in older adults with cognitive impairment is worse under dual-task conditions, increasing the risk of falls. However, the trajectory of behavior over time in the dual task (TD) in elderly people without cognitive impairment, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still debatable. Objectives: To compare, over time, the performance of an isolated and dual task in elderly people with cognitive preservation, MCI and mild AD. Methods: This is a longitudinal study data collection at two evaluation times (M1) and after 32 months (M2). Of these, 51 participated in the assessment at M2 (22 elderly people with cognitive preservation, 19 with MCI and 10 with mild AD. As variables of cognitive and motor performance were analyzed in three situations: (1) isolated motor task - Timed up and go test (TUGT); (2) isolated cognitive test – dialing numbers on a phone; (3) dual-task - associating the previous two. To compare the performance of dual-task between groups delta (Δ = M2-M1) was calculated and the ANCOVA test was applied considering age as a confounding variable. Results: The cost of the dual task was not significantly different over time in any group analyzed. On the other hand, elderly people with AD showed significant differences in time (p <0.00) and in cadence (p = 0.01) in isolated motor task and in time (p = 0.02) in the number of steps (p <0.00) and cadence (p <0.00) in dual task. Conclusion: The group of elderly people with AD had a significant impact on their dual-task performance, differently from the elderly with MCI and with cognitive preservation. It is assumed that a special look will be given to interventions that contemplate the dual task as an alternative to non-pharmacological exercise for these elderly people. In addition, that dual task assessments, especially involving more functional tasks, such as walking and talking on the phone, in elderly people with AD, can be considered in physical therapy assessment protocols. In addition, the performance of the dual task does not seem to interfere with motor performance over time in elderly in prodromal stages, such as MCI and in with cognitive preservation.
Relação entre empatia, atitude implícita e sobrecarga em cuidadores de idosos formais e informais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Maximiano-Barreto, Madson Alan; Luchesi, Bruna Moretti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3385433655310047; Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7060083823888759; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1375494632507170
Introduction: The number of elderly in Brazil is increasing, as the prevalence of chronic diseases in this population, consequently there is a greater demand for caregivers. The burden is highly prevalent among caregivers and the studies indicate that there is a relationship between the severity of the condition, the level of dependence of the elderly and the burden of the caregiver. Although the caregiver-elderly interaction is well studied, the relationship between empathy, implicit attitude and burden in formal and informal caregivers is still little explored in the literature. Objective: To analyze the relationship between empathy, implicit attitude, and burden in formal and informal caregivers who work in the elderly's home. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 111 elderly caregivers, 54.6% (n=60) informal and 45.4% (n=51) formal. The following instruments were used for data collection: a questionnaire to characterize the care and sociodemographic profile of caregivers, Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20), Multidimensional Interpersonal Reactivity Scale (MIRS), Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) and Implicit Association Test (IAT). Results: The sample consisted of caregivers aged 19-79 years with a mean age of 45.36 years (SD: ± 14.53). There was a positive correlation between EMRI-Total and burden (ZBI) (r=0.203, p=0.033), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) (r=0.341; p<0.001) and neuropsychiatric (SRQ-20) (r=0.355; p<0.001). The burden also presented a moderate positive correlation with depressive symptoms (r=0.551, p=0.001) and neuropsychiatric (r=0.606, p=0.001). The IAT pointed out that the caregivers presented an implicit preference for the young public (score D = 0.23, SD ± 0.36). However, there were no significant differences between the IAT scores and the other variables analyzed. Conclusion: The high level of empathy, mainly in the emotional domain, can have consequences for caregivers of the formal and informal elderly, such as burden, neuropsychiatric disorders, and depression. Thus, it is important to think about training for elderly caregivers to balance the levels of empathy in the emotional and cognitive domains and to minimize the consequences for the elderly and the caregiver.
Avaliação técnica da gaseificação do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em reator contínuo de leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Alves, Vittor Rodrigues Santos; Santos, João Batista Oliveira dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285313473901330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7754987131368205
The sugar and alcohol sector introduces a big potential to expand the production lines of ethanol, sugar and clean electric energy with a profitable harnessing of its residues and sub products, like sugar cane bagasse. The gasification is a thermo chemical process that converts carbonaceous matter in a gas with attractive energetic properties which is composed of H2 and CO mainly. The objective of this work is to analyze the sugar cane bagasse gasification aiming at the production of a syngas rich in H2 and CO, searching process conditions that maximize its concentrations. Therefore, it was used a continuous fluidized bed reactor applying experimental planning to investigate the effect of the equivalent ratio (ER) and the steam/biomass relation (S/B) in the H2 content. The results show that these variables impact the production of H2. The maximum experimental H2 concentration obtained was equal to 16.97% v/v using ER=0.23 and S/B=0.92; whereas the maximum of the model was equal to 17.38% v/v. For CO, the maximum experimental concentration was 36.13 % v/v using ER = 0.31 and SB = 0.92. Mass balances in some regions show that the gasification with the smallest ER produces the highest H2 and CO concentrations, but with bigger tar formation that can be bad to syngas quality. Moreover, inside the analyzed region the presence of other compounds like Benzene (C6H6) and Toluene (C7H8) was observed.
Percepções de um grupo de professores do ensino médio sobre a ideia de "bom" e "mau" aluno na cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-02-19) Rossini, Thais de Freitas; Silva, Flávio Caetano da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9681347079449074
This work’s main goal is to analyse aspects that bases the “good and bad” idea that a group of high school teachers have about their students, in order to comprehend in which notions (social, moral, pedagogic, etc.) these conceptions are grounded. As specific objectives, observing in which form this classification is enunciated and if there are evidences for the “Gift Theory” among this conceptions. It was applied in the discussion some concepts from the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu as of habitus, the field and the teacher judgement. The data collect develop in two steps, first with the sent of an online questionnaire by e-mail and later via a semi structured interview, both with high school teacher active in the city of São Carlos, SP. The online quiz received sixteen answers and seven were the interviews performed. The data were analysed based on content analysis. The data from the quiz as well as the interviews were analyzed in conjunction, being then organized in three analysis categories: the good student, the bad student and the effects of classification in the evaluation. It was possible to perceive that the idea of good student is based on effort and the appreciation of merit, the idea of bad student is connected to disinterest and comments over Family and social background. Even the practice analysis in classroom has not been looked on in the field work, as the teacher describe the form he evaluates the students, it is clear the path through which the classification between good and bad students can be noted objectively through the evaluation criteria.