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A dinâmica da ciência e da tecnologia nos intercâmbios entre Brasil e China: o caso dos Institutos Confúcio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Martinelli, Marina; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9368198175936317
THE DYNAMICS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN EXCHANGES BETWEEN BRAZIL AND CHINA: THE CASE OF CONFUCIO INSTITUTES IN BRAZIL This work addressed the topic of academic exchange between Brazil and China, specifically the case of Confucius Institutes in Brazil, through the investigation of the experiences of UNESP and UNICAMP. The objective was to understand how CIs contribute to academic exchange in the area of economic and cultural cooperation between Brazil and China and how these particular relations contribute to the social stratification of those two countries, affecting Brazil's social structure in particular. In the other hand, understanding how the dynamics of Science and Technology works in the production of a globalized elite that will lead a new way of acting, which will influence the direction of the future of life in society. The instruments through which these young people are working and how to democratize this category were studied through the Confucius Institutes. In this research, bibliographic and bibliometric research was done; the websites of the CIs of UNESP and UNICAMP were analyzed; documents produced by the CIs were analyzed; a questionnaire was applied for semi-structured interviews with the directors of CIs, key people and exchange students, through a multi-method methodology, which combines quantitative and qualitative researches, through a macrophysical and microphysical look. The justification is found in the political, cultural and economic movement provided by Brazil - China relations, through the BRICS. The Ciência Sem Fronteiras, Idioma Sem Fronteiras and Paraná Fala Inglês programs were studied because they are the most recent models of Brazilian exchange, although CIs are closely linked to programs such as those of the Goethe and Cervantes Institute, only institutionally, rooted in the universities. Brazil has 12 CIs and none of them intends to indoctrinate Confucianism, but rather to spread the Mandarin language, therefore, the experience has demonstrated the importance of a truly bilateral assessment of tasks in the face of Chinese soft power.
Habilidades sociais e adaptação da criança à pré-escola: concepções e habilidades sociais de educadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Alho, Naara de Oliveira Gonçalves; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9891697288291700.
School enrollment is a crucial moment in child development. The adaptation process in this space has been the object of theorization and research. School adaptation at this stage was understood from Bronfenbrenner’s concept of ecological transition, as a process of acquiring new social roles and affective bonds, established in order to provide mutual trust, favoring and influencing development, in addition to experiences that allow the formation and maintenance of psychic, cognitive and social skills. An important resource in adaptation is the child’s social skills repertoire to make friends, demonstrate empathy, self-control, emotional expressiveness, civility, assertiveness, solving interpersonal problems. In Brazilian literature, there are still few studies that have investigated the child’s adaptation period to school, particularly regarding the influence of social skills on the child’s insertion in school. The objectives of this study were to characterize the repertoire of social skills of children in pre-school age, to establish the relationship with indicators of adaptation to school, as well as to identify favorable and unfavorable indicators for school adaptation with an emphasis on teacher’s educational conceptions and social skills. Three schools were selected, two public ando one private, 4 teachers from these institutions and 10 children aged between 4 and 4 years and 6 months. For data collection, a Protocol for Observation of School Adaptation (PROAE) was prepared, which was completed by the teachers during the child’s first 4 weeks at school and in the first 3 months. The teachers and guardians of the children responded to the Scale of Social Behaviors of Preschoolers (PKBS-BR). Teachers and parents also answered a questionnaire with questions about how they conceived school adaptation and the Inventory of Social Educational Skills (IHSE-Prof). The data were computed in scores, organized in SPSS 25.0 spreadsheets and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that children who had problems with school adaptation over 4 weeks and in the general evaluation of 3 months had worse repertoire of social skills and their teachers had a deficit or a lower average in terms of educational social skills, this data corroborates with some studies in the literature that have shown that children with a worse repertoire of social skills, have more problems for psychosocial adjustment. The responses of teachers and parents about school adaptation differed in some aspects, such as, for example, regarding the concept of school adaptation, parents associated adaptation as something geared to the child’s ability to adjust to the new environment, to behave well and demonstrate emotional well-being, while the teachers included their own performances and abilities to deal with this period. Some methodological and educational implications of the results were discussed, suggesting intervention planning based on them.
Oficina de língua inventada e o ensino de conceitos linguísticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Girardi, Jane Eder; Conde, Dirceu Cleber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3939612232315995
This dissertation aims to explore the possibility of teaching linguistic concepts by using as a method the creation of a language by speakers. The objective of this research is to verify, initially, what would be the advantages and disadvantages of this possibility. For this, students from the 6th and 7th grades of a public school in the city of São Carlos participated as subjects in the experiment. The experiment was applied in two different groups, with different approaches and activities, so that the results were different. In the first application, the students did not receive any direction to create their fictional language. The results were essential to the consideration of the second part. The part II of this research has been directed in the activities and discussions about languages. Thus, the data from both parts of the research were analyzed and compared, namely: students' language intuitions. We realize from this research that students do not distinguish spoken language from written language, that is, for them, both have the same language system. Therefore, in the second part, the difference between speech and writing was discussed to guide the students regarding language elaboration. Moreover, it was noted that the languages of the first phase were less economical than those of phase II. This is due to the concept that students have about language, because language is synonymous with writing for them, and writing usually assumes that there is some difficulty that encompasses it, because to learn it, it is necessary to master the rules of language cultured standard norm. To dispel this stigma, we tried to show students that every speaker has a language intuition, that the speaker is born with an internalized grammar and that it is possible to understand the linguistic aspects and phenomena about languages. Therefore, it was proposed the activity of creating a language, which aims, at this early stage, only to collect and analyze the data to investigate whether through this activity the student's intuition can emerge.
Avaliação da secagem convectiva de resíduos da indústria cervejeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Pinto, Guilherme Henrique Alves; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6919620534872525
Brazil is the third largest beer producer in the world, with an estimated production of 14.1 billion liters of the product for the year 2018, generating several co-products throughout the process, being brewer’s spent grain and spent yeast the main ones. The reuse of these materials is more interesting from the economic and logistical point of view in relation to the usual destination, however it is necessary to understand their drying to make their new destination viable. The present work aimed to evaluate the operational feasibility of reducing the humidity of both materials through convective drying, applying different dryers for each co-product. To malt bagasse drying was used a system consisting of a rotary pan with a capacity of 10 liters associated with a blower responsible for the hot air supply. It was evaluated how the drying kinetics, temperature profile, specifically the temperature on the inner surface, Tw, and the spent grain temperature, Ts, and the solids circulation intensity were affected by the dryer operational conditions, specifically the air temperature at the blower outlet, TaE, the spent grain mass added to the system, ms, and the pan rotation, Ωdrag. For this purpose, two different values were used for each parameter, TaE=67.7 and 101.2 °C, ms,0=1.0 and 1.5 kg, and Ωdrag=25.1 and 33.9 rpm. The drying tests were carried out until the dynamic equilibrium moisture content was reached. It was necessary 180 minutes of drying to achieve dynamic equilibrium with TaE = 101.2 °C and ms,0=1.0 kg, while for TaE=67.7 ° C and ms,0=1.5 kg were necessary 420 minutes of drying, being noticed a significant influence of TaE and ms,0 on the kinetics. By modifying Ωdrag maintaining TaE and ms, dynamic equilibrium was achieved at the same drying time, with no significant influence of Ωdrag on the process. The solids circulation, Ωs, presented a parabolic profile with a minimum value of approximately 16 rpm at the beginning and end of drying and a maximum value of approximately 27 rpm in the intermediate periods. As the dryer rotation remains constant throughout the operation, it was concluded that the bed properties modifications, mainly spent grain moisture, induced the profile observed for Ωs. Tests were carried out using the centrifugal method to relate the adhesion force between the dryer surface and the spent grain with its moisture content, being observed forces of greater intensity for the material in its original conditions and practically null forces with a completely dry material, behavior commonly observed in materials in which the capillarity effects predominate in surfaces contact. The temperature profile showed a behavior that could be divided into three distinct periods, a period corresponding to the beginning of drying, in which the dryer surface and spent grain were in thermal equilibrium, with Tw approximately equal to Ts, an intermediate period, in which Tw was greater than Ts, and a third period corresponding to the end of drying, in which Tw was lower than Ts. It was possible to conclude that the adhesion between the spent grain and the surface also caused this temperature behavior, especially in the first period, when the stronger contact between the phases by capillarity provided the thermal equilibrium. It was concluded that the spent grain adhesion to the dryer surface affected its operation, especially in the particles circulation and the temperature profile. In the spent yeast drying, a vibrofluidized bed dryer was used, fixing the vibrational conditions, A=0.015 m and f=500 rpm, and the paste feeding at 14 mL/min, varying the drying air temperature at 80 or 100 °C, the mass of glass spheres at 0.5 or 1.5 kg and the superficial velocity of the fluid at 1.5umf and 1.2umf to evaluate the effect of these parameters on product formation, material accumulation, fluid dynamics of the bed and product quality. Each drying test was conducted for 30 minutes, followed by 30 minutes with no paste feeding for the dry material detachment. There was a change in the fluid dynamics curve for different inert masses, with a reduction in the minimum fluidization velocity and in the pressure drop with a lower static bed height. For 1.5 kg of inert, 80 °C and 1.2 umf, no product formation was observed, unlike the other tests with different operational conditions, evidencing their influence on the production rate, the highest rate, 0.263 g/min of dry poder, was observed using na inert mass of 1.5 kg and air feeding at 1.2 umf and 100 °C. However, the production rates achieved were considerably small compared to the paste feed. At the end of drying, it was possible to observe a low detachment of material from the inert surface, maximum 0.532 g/min. Thus, most of the material fed into the dryer remained attached to the inert and chamber wall, indicating that the material detachment limited the operation. Drying was sufficient to reduce the moisture content, from 90.63% on a wet basis to a maximum of 8.12%. For each test, the product moisture content for 10 to 20 minutes of drying was higher than that obtained in the initial and final 10 minutes. It was not possible to obtain a clear relationship between the product’s cell viability and the operational conditions.
Currículo e Base Nacional Comum Curricular: o processo de implementação na rede estadual paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Nascimento, Rodrigo Rios; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852; Faria, Paulo Cezar de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3630521378837174; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2911165076263467
This research aims to analyze the Brazilian learning standards known as Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) – following as a normative document that guides the formulation of curricula - and its implementation process in the public education network of the state of São Paulo, as well as the elaboration of the São Paulo curriculum (CP), which emerged as its unfolding. The theoretical reference is based in Sacristan (2017), which understands the curriculum in a procedural dimension, that links practices and configures them, presenting curricular concepts such as cultural selection, the prescribed curriculum and the curriculum offered to teachers. The method included a documentary survey (Gil, 2007) based on the BNCC and the Curriculum of the State of São Paulo, and the analysis of semi-structured interviews with teachers, managers of school boards and public schools. It is based on the textual discursive review (Moraes and Galiazzi, 2016) to understand the interviewees ' lines on aspects of BNCC and CP. It was possible to observe that BNCC, as a normative document, can guide the formulation of regional curricula, as mentioned in CP confirming the hypothesis of this investigation; and have implications on the production of educational material that supervises the pedagogical practice, by the Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD). In conclusion, the process of implementation in the public education network of the state of São Paulo may not be satisfactory in virtue of the comprehension and expectations from some educational agents about the BNCC and the CP, itself. However, the topic has high relevance in the Brazilian education scenario because it is a latent and urgent topic, considering that the BNCC will have implications in the (re)reorganization of regional and local curricula in a country with great regional diversities. This research aims to analyze the Brazilian learning standards known as Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) – following as a normative document that guides the formulation of curricula - and its implementation process in the public education network of the state of São Paulo, as well as the elaboration of the São Paulo curriculum (CP), which emerged as its unfolding. The theoretical reference is based in Sacristan (2017), which understands the curriculum in a procedural dimension, that links practices and configures them, presenting curricular concepts such as cultural selection, the prescribed curriculum and the curriculum offered to teachers. The method included a documentary survey (Gil, 2007) based on the BNCC and the Curriculum of the State of São Paulo, and the analysis of semi-structured interviews with teachers, managers of school boards and public schools. It is based on the textual discursive review (Moraes and Galiazzi, 2016) to understand the interviewees ' lines on aspects of BNCC and CP. It was possible to observe that BNCC, as a normative document, can guide the formulation of regional curricula, as mentioned in CP confirming the hypothesis of this investigation; and have implications on the production of educational material that supervises the pedagogical practice, by the Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD). In conclusion, the process of implementation in the public education network of the state of São Paulo may not be satisfactory in virtue of the comprehension and expectations from some educational agents about the BNCC and the CP, itself. However, the topic has high relevance in the Brazilian education scenario because it is a latent and urgent topic, considering that the BNCC will have implications in the (re)reorganization of regional and local curricula in a country with great regional diversities.
A inativação química do córtex cingulado anterior e da ínsula reverte a ansiedade em camundongos expostos ao modelo de empatia induzida pela nocicepção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Cezar, Giovana Benassi; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7886063932893257
Empathy is characterized by the ability to recognize and respond to the emotional signals of others, being a crucial factor in the emotional experience and social interaction, allowing humans, as well as other species, to detect affective states of others. In this sense, recent studies have shown that cohabitation with an animal with chronic pain induces increased nociception and anxiety in the partner, that is, in the observer. These results reinforce the assumption that responses related to anxiety make it possible to identify the existence of emotional responses, which may be related to empathy. Evidence has suggested the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula in the modulation of anxiety. However, no study has evaluated whether these structures participate in the increased anxiety factor observed in mice living with their partner with chronic pain. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of reversible inactivation of ACC and insula on the modulation of anxiety induced by the empathy model in mice exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). For this, male Swiss mice (n = 10-12/group), 21 days after birth, were housed in pairs to establish familiarity. On the 14th day of cohabitation, one of the animals of the pair underwent surgery for sciatic nerve constriction (NC) or surgery without nerve constriction (Sham). On the 23rd day, cagemates were submitted to stereotactic surgery for implantation of guide cannulas directed to the CCA (experiment 1) or to the insula (experiment 2). On the 28th day, cagemates (CNC and CS) that lived with their respective NC and Sham groups received bilateral intra-CCA or intra-insular saline or cobalt chloride (CoCl2) (reversible and non-selective synaptic blocker) injections, and after five minutes they were exposed to the EPM. The t test for independent samples showed that in Experiments 1 and 2, the NC mice submitted to the hot plate test showed decreased paw withdrawal latency when compared to the Sham mice. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan test revealed that cohabitation with nociception mice produced an increased anxiety response in observers, confirming previous results in the literature. The chemical inactivation of the CCA and the insula produced an increased percentage of entries and time spent in the open arms, without altering the entries in the closed arms of the LCE. Furthermore, it also decreased the display of risk assessment behaviors, such as percentage of time in the center, percentage of head-dipping and percentage of protected stretched attend postures and total of stretched attend postures in experiment 1; and in experiment 2, decreased the percentage of head-dipping and protected stretched attend postures, and the total of head-dipping and stretched attend postures, which suggests a decrease in anxiety-like behaviors. The results suggest that the inactivation of the CCA and the insula reverses the display of anxiety-like behaviors in mice submitted to the empathy model evaluated in the LCE. In addition, they indicate that these structures are essential for the display of anxious behaviors induced by emotional contagion, assessed through cohabitation with animals subjected to neuropathic pain.
A criança como leitora, suas representações e significações: práticas de letramento em uma sala de educação infantil na Unidade de Atendimento à Criança – UAC - UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Hermann, Amanda dos Reis; Zuin, Poliana Bruno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0389350936548546; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8719958510398247
The present Master's research aimed to investigate the ways in which the child in Early Childhood Education, aged between 3 and 4 years of age, constitutes itself as a reader through literacy practices experienced during school routines. The specific goals were: I. To identify how this process occurs, through literacy practices established by the class’ teacher, such as reading and conversation circles, dialogue with the children, contact with the various discourse genres, projects and world experiences; II. To analyze how they read and what they understand; III. To check how the reading of images and the retrieval of already read stories are retold by them; IV. To investigate which linguistic marks are used by them in the story telling of different discourse genres, and V. To investigate which the teacher’s actions provide literacy in a child of during the small childhood. Our theoretical reference is based on the Philosophy of Language (BAKHTIN, 2003, 2011), Historical-Cultural Psychology (VYGOTSKY, 1982, 1996, 2005, 2009; LURIA, 2000, 2005; LEONTIEV, 2005), Critical-Libertarian Pedagogy (FREIRE , 2005, 2009, 2011) and studies about Literacy (KLEIMAN, 1995, 2005, 2009; ROJO, 1995; TFOUNI, 1995; SOARES, 2003, 2010, 2017). In order to answer the objectives proposed in this study and based on the theoretical reference mentioned above, a field research with a qualitative focus was carried out. 12 insertions were made in a classroom at the Child Care Unit - UAC-UFSCar, with children between the ages of 3 and 4, during the second semester of the year 2018. To constitute the corpus of this work, the following data collection instruments were used: observation in locus, registers, filming, photographs and analysis of documents. The data analysis pointed out that the children signified and re-signified the readings based on literacy practices carried out by the teacher, and they had as mediator elements: memory reading, imitation reading, taking as a model those who had read to them, the oral retelling, the image reading and the reading by interpretation and the world reading. It is interesting to point out that the readings also occurred in the representations through games, social roles and drawings.
A aventura narrativa da Telltale Games: um estudo de caso de Game of Thrones – A Telltale Games Series
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Bisson, Camila Brandão; Andrade, Leonardo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921612856948891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2717863969349057
Adventure games, as a genre defined in the context of electronic games, have had throughout their history evolutions and transformations that allowed more, and more, complex stories to be told through video games. The objective of this work starts from a macro analysis, bringing the history of adventure games as a genre, and then, in a second moment, analyzes the style and trajectory of one of the main companies recognized as a reference in the production of narrative games, Telltale Games, starting from a panorama that begins in the history of its predecessor, LucasArts, and ends in the analysis of the particular characteristics of the games produced by the company. From this context, the objective is to carry out a specific analysis of one of the company's titles: Game of Thrones - A Telltale Games Series. It is with the construction of such an analysis that it will be possible to understand how adventure games have effectively evolved as a genre and how narrative and gameplay come together around building an experience based on the player's choices and the development of the story told by the game in question.
A dimensão relacional entre curadoria digital e metadados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Triques, Maria Lígia; Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9360108532923377
The amount and variety of data associated with cultural heritage have grown significantly in digital environments, generating a diversity of possibilities and challenges related to information representation, especially in studies focused on digital curation. In the Web environment, there is need for data informational treatment to take into account, in addition to all the stages through which they circulate, the ability to guarantee their informational purposes. In this scenario, digital curation is highlighted as an interdisciplinary activity that seeks to establish guidelines not only to maintain and preserve informational resources but also to ensure that data are continuously consistent with their informational purposes. To achieve this goal, digital curation adds value to data through the representation of information from metadata. Thus, this study questions how metadata influence digital curation actions and aims analyze the relationship between metadata and digital curation. This theoretical qualitative study was carried out through bibliographic survey and exploratory systematization, also using a documentary study of the Europeana platform to exemplifying digital curation and data representation, in this case, cultural heritage data made available on the Web environment. Results showed that digital curation seeks, through the process of adding informational value, to enrich data in such a way as to facilitate sharing and reuse. Therefore, it was found that metadata influence digital curation actions to the extent that these elements enable explanation of the semantic definitions necessary for communication within the management process, mainly in an automated way. In the end, the study about the Europeana platform provided the basis for the results, demonstrating how metadata, through instruments, principles, models and technologies, allows the semantic context of informational resources of cultural heritage to be ensured. In conclusion, the importance of metadata for digital curation is perceived not only as an essential factor to guarantee planning and execution of its actions, but mainly to allow digital resources to have their informational purpose assured and remain with quality and reliability for long-term access, use and reuse.
Caracterização de rizobactérias associadas à Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. quanto ao potencial biotecnológico para promoção de crescimento vegetal, enzimas e agentes antimicrobianos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-05) Lisboa, Paulo Henrique Gomes; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; Lacava, Paulo Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8925395485329613
Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil., endemic plant of the Brazilian tropical savanna, known as the “Cerrado”, has been studied for its medicinal properties and for having the ability to grow in acidic and nutrient-poor lands, attracting interest in the investigation of its rhizospheric microbiota, which includes plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Industrial enzymes and antibiotics can also be obtained from them. In this work, the biological nitrogen fixation capacity was tested in NFb semi-solid culture medium and 32.6% of the isolates showing positive results. In the inorganic phosphate solubilization tests, 45.8% of the isolates demonstrated this capacity in nutrient agar supplemented with insoluble phosphate. The solubilization index (SI) for calcium phosphate by the bacterial isolates grown in solid medium varied from 0 to 4.833. All bacteria produced indole acetic acid (ranging from 0.07 μg.mL-1 to 134.1 μg.mL-1) in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) 10% + L-tryptophan medium. In assays against pathogens, antagonistic activity was demonstrated against a spectrum of fourteen phytopathogenic fungi through the technique of direct pairing in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and three clinical pathogens using the agar block method. The bacterial isolates were striated in special mediums whose carbon sources were substrates of the enzymes in the enzyme activity assays and 88.4% of them had at least one of these activities. The best isolates were identified by partial sequencing of the 16S gene as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia and Microbacterium.