Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-03-12"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 10915

Evaluation of filter media with fiber layer produced by the centrifugal spinning method with biocidal effect
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Salussoglia, Ana Isabela Pianowski
;
Tanabe, Eduardo Hiromitsu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9778700143605069
;
Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
This study aimed to evaluate the air filtration performance of the fiber layer, produced by centrifugal spinning equipment, adhered to the surface of a commercial filter media applied to the internal ventilation system. Also, to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the thyme essential oil added to the fiber layer for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. For this purpose, filter media were produced varying the operating conditions of the equipment, the type of solvent and the substrate. The characteristics of the fiber layer (fiber diameter, porosity, pore size), filtration performance (pressure drop, permeability and collection efficiency of nano and microparticles) and the biocidal effect were analyzed. It was found that the combination of the use of VCS and substrates with different permeabilities led to the formation of a fiber layer with different characteristics; the more permeable the substrates, the lower the porosity of the formed fiber layer. The increase in the power of the VCS promoted an increase in production of fibers, with the decrease in the size of the fibers and the porosity of the fiber layer, consequently, increase in the pressure drop; the collection time had a strong effect on the fiber diameter, in which the longer collection time increased the fiber diameter. The addition of the fiber layer decreased the permeability of the filter medium, increased the pressure drop and the collection efficiency. The investigation of the substrate covered by PAN fibers produced from solutions with dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) indicated that the filter media DMF and DMSO had similar collection efficiency. This may indicate that the DMSO solvent promoted stronger and more consistent polarization of the PAN chains than the DMF solvent, increasing the collection of particles from the DMSO filter medium. The DMSO filter medium was expected to have less collection efficiency than DMF because the DMSO filter medium had a smaller fiber diameter and pore size than DMF and values close to surface porosity. In the study of the filtration performance of pure substrate and substrate covered by PAN fibers, the collection efficiency of micro and nanoparticles was evaluated. For the collection efficiency of nanoparticles, the collection efficiency had an increase of about 20% with the addition of PAN fibers. For the collection efficiency of microparticles, at the beginning of the experiment, the substrate showed a collection efficiency of 50.5% and the covered substrate of 71.0%. After 30 minutes of filtration, the substrate remains in deep filtration, while the addition of the fiber layer promoted surface filtration, which significantly increased the collection efficiency to 97.2%. Finally, the fibers were spun in the same operating conditions on the substrate with essential thyme oil. The filter medium was named 5THY when the thyme essential oil was added to the PAN solution and THY when the essential oil of thyme was sprayed on the filter medium after the production of the fiber layer. The filter media covered with fibers showed a greater pressure drop and collection efficiency of micro and nanoparticles and less permeability than the substrate. THY showed higher collection efficiency than the substrate and 5THY, 99% for microparticles and 58% for nanoparticles. Through the antimicrobial test, it was found that THY showed a 99.999% reduction for the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. While 5THY had a reduction of 15.5 and 89.0%, respectively. In the 5THY filter, the essential oil was added to the fibers before spinning, this may have caused the trapping and/or evaporation of the essential oil and, thus, reduced the reduction of bacteria.
Heidegger e o problema da origem da negatividade a partir do fenômeno do nada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Silva, Taciane Alves da
;
Valentim, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3587138963940370
;
Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
Nowhere else in the itinerary of Being and Time (1927) does Heidegger explicitly problematize the status of the nothing inherent in the structure of being of human existence when, from the notion of nullity, he recognizes in § 58 the unfounded (finite) character of Dasein. Regarding the clarification of nothingness, negativity (Nichtheit), latent in the existential structure of nullity, as an index of finitude, the ultimate meaning and significance of both are left, in Being and Time, as a task to be accomplished. Based on this diagnosis, this thesis proposes to investigate the ontological-metaphysical meaning of the phenomenon of nothingness, starting from the hypothesis that the problem can be taken as a guiding thread to understand a significant part of Heidegger's investigative path, mainly the path that extends from 1912 to 1939. It is intended to maintain that such a conducting thread has a fundamental and systematic character, insofar as, to be elucidated, it demands the determination of the status of the relationship between ontology, metaphysics and logic in the Heideggerian thought itinerary. Thus, far from being, at first sight, a circumstantial concern regarding the leitmotiv of Heidegger's thought, Seinsfrage, the question of nothingness and finitude would be central to the development, subsequent to the publication of SZ, of his metaphysics project. As a consequence, in raising the problem of the origin of negation, the concept of nothing would allow to establish the place occupied by logic itself within ontology and metaphysics. It is precisely the problem of the sense of nothingness that, in his historical-deconstructive record, allows Heidegger's critical confrontation (Auseinandersetzung) with Hegel, since, as an essential theme, negativity is investigated both in the Hegelian system, which represents the consummation of the history of Western metaphysics, as well as the history of metaphysics in general. In this sense, in spite of Heidegger's thematization of nothingness as a finiteness of being apparently opposed to the infinite power of negativity in the Hegelian logical-metaphysical system, we intend to maintain that there is a deep affinity between Hegel's and Heidegger's positions. If this hypothesis of an assumption common to both is correct, it will be possible not only to understand the scope of the problem opened by the concept of nothing in the Heideggerian Denkweg, but also to open a perspective, not explained by Heidegger, to thematize the very origin of nothing from its anthropogenic character.
Formas plurais de governança no transporte de cana-de-açúcar no setor sucroenergético: estudos de caso em usinas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Dornfeld, Hugo Carlos
;
Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3803942037472361
The study of plural forms is the subject of several works carried out by researchers of organizational economics, under the perspective of various theoretical currents, however, there is still no consolidated and comprehensive theoretical framework that explains the reason for its emergence. In this thesis, the theories related to Transaction Cost Economics (TEC) were used, focusing on the way in which companies organize their activities and how they control their internal and external transactions. ECT is one of the most complex theories of organizational economics, because it considers that economic agents interact in order to reduce not only the operation or production costs, but also those related to transaction costs. The plural forms in transactions have been studied in various economic activities and in different areas of the sugar-energy sector, nevertheless, there is no research in the area of sugarcane transport. In the sugar-energy sector, several ways are used to govern raw material transport transactions from the field to industry, from those based on vertical integration to those related to market negotiations, passing through short, medium and long term contracts, which are called hybrid forms. The main aim of this study was to identify and analyze the determinants that guide agents to choose the plural forms in sugarcane transport coordination in the researched mills, as well as to verify the diversity and temporal stability in the transaction governance structures. For this, case studies were performed in a quantity and qualitative approach in ten mills, in different Brazilian states, with different governance types in the raw material transport, using semi-structured questionnaires with open and closed questions. The results indicated that in most of the selected mills there was a plurality in the coordination of sugar cane transport, with the use of different governance forms (market, hybrid forms and vertical integration). There was stability and diversity in the mills that practiced plural forms over the 11 years sampled and there was no trend for the use of only one form in the sugarcane transport. This study demonstrated that the determining factors for the use of governance plural forms were the attributes frequency, degree of uncertainty and asset specificity. All of these attributes were positive and statistically relevant in the statistical models (Poisson Regression and Ordinary Least Squares) used in this study, regarding the use of plural forms of governance structures. From the qualitative and quantitative analyses, it can be concluded that the adoption of plural forms has generated greater operational security and more competitive advantages in relation to transport costs. In this way, the plural forms of the sugarcane transport governance attended to the operational, logistical, financial and security objectives of the evaluated mills better than if single structures were used, reducing transaction costs.
Os Yanonami e o projeto Yaripo: transformações e turismo em Maturacá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Goulart, Leon Terci
;
Andrello, Geraldo Luciano
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447074379881029
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6282732505059521
This dissertation is the result of field research whose objective was the study of the Yanomami of Maturacá (Rio Negro region, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas) participation in the elaboration and implementation of the Projeto Yaripo, which is an ecotourism activity proposal whithin the Terra Indígena Yanomami and the Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina. Beyond the indigenous participation, the project counts with the envolvement of many state institutions and a non-governmental organization – Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI), Exército Brasileiro and Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). Thus, the etnography focused on the relations between the Yanomami and the “partners” of the project – in other words, on the intensification of a wide interethnic network of interactions –, on the political relations internal to the yanomami communities and on the local understandings about the tourism activity and about the places reserved for it. Although the beginning of visitation to Yaripo – as the Yanomami call the Pico da Neblina – had not begun during the fieldwork, I suggest here that the indigenous participation in the Projeto Yaripo has already produced multiple effects in Maturacá.
Atratores pullback para uma equação de difusão não autônoma com retardo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Furtado, Izabella Durante Temporini
;
Nascimento, Marcelo José Dias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7133572787875912
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7381763229720333
Our goal in this work is to study a nonautonomous parabolic differential equation. We are going to show some results about existence of pullback attractors for this type of problem and for the equation without the delay.
Base de conhecimento para o ensino nas licenciaturas em matemática: uma análise das concepções dos professores formadores sobre suas práticas pedagógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Zero, Beatriz de Macêdo
;
Silva, João Ricardo Neves da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5821775579111920
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2667613700491844
This research aims to: analyze conceptions from teacher educators in Mathematics on their pedagogical practices and relate them to the elements of knowledge base for the teaching proposed by Shulman (1987) – such concepts were explored through the narratives that teachers brought about their practices; survey which instruments and methodological strategies are composed as teacher educators’ pedagogical practices and to verify if teachers think about the possibilities of construction of the elements of the knowledge base for the initial training of new teachers. It is a qualitative research carried out through a field study. Teachers with a degree in Mathematics from three Brazilian public institutions were invited to participate in an online questionnaire related to their education, professional experiences, and practices (pedagogical practices). Subsequently, a sample was selected and interviewed for a better understanding of the documents' discourse and deepening of the questionnaire. The speeches selected in the interviews about pedagogical practices could be articulated to the elements of the knowledge base for teaching and to the processes of reasoning and pedagogical action. The data show that teachers present conceptions about what they do and highlight possibilities of actions on various problems that can be overcome through the elements of the base.
Explorando a avaliação de sumários automáticos multidocumento multilíngues
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Nascimento, Darlan Xavier
;
Di Felippo, Ariani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2532304328121248
Multilingual Multi-Document Automatic Summarization (MMDS) is a computational task through which a summary is produced in a target language from a collection of at least two news stories which address the same subject, one in the user’s language and the other(s) in foreign language(s). The scientific literature shows that not many researches approach methods which generate summaries in Portuguese. Based on the CF and CFUL summarization methods, the present thesis describes the development of a study whose goal was to refine the summary quality evaluation, by varying (i) the native language of the producers of the reference summaries, that is, summaries written by human subjects after reading the corresponding source texts and which are necessary for the automatic calculation of informativeness, and (ii) the compression rate (desired summary size). Furthermore, this thesis outlines the enlargement of the corpus used for the investigation of these methods through the addition of texts in German (the original corpus included content in Portuguese and English) and the production of four extracts for each of the twenty clusters. The results show that the reference summaries are slightly impacted by their writer’s native language, even though additional factors might be taken into account, such as the size of each source text and the content compatibility. Regarding the summarization methods, this study found that extracts with a lower compression rate performed better when it came to the automatic evaluation of informativeness and worse in the assessment of linguistic quality.
Data of Cerrado's tree crown networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
Urban logistics in Sao Paulo city: a comparison between Top of the Pyramid and Base of the Pyramid regions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12)
Navarro, Héctor Ángel Ramírez
;
Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2163716384393943
The fast expansion of urban areas poses challenges for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies who want to provide products to small retailers, especially in the last-mile delivery, which is a complex process that is hindered by factors such as transit regulations; city infrastructure; and safety. These factors have different levels of impact, between high-income and low-income neighborhoods and are more evident in megacities in developing countries, where it exists a clear division between classes. On one hand, governments do not attend low-income neighborhoods, where it exists a strong presence of unsafe areas, lack of planning, and infrastructure that hinders the deliveries of FMCG. On the other hand, traffic regulations in high-income neighborhoods make the delivery process more complex. This study aims to analyze the urban logistics by comparing lowincome and high-income neighborhoods in Sao Paulo city, by taking into account local businesses, buying consumer behavior, and the distribution process. To achieve this, a questionnaire in loco will be applied to the stakeholders involved (consumers, small retailers, and carriers). The data will be analyzed by employing descriptive statistics in an exploratory and descriptive way. The results from small retailers, consumers, and carriers reveal that in their point of view the delivery of products is different between BOP and TOP. Factors such as the infrastructure of the neighborhoods hinder the delivery of products from companies to small retailers in TOP regions, while in BOP regions small retailers' security and infrastructure are the major problems in the point of view of the actors.
Optimization models and solution methods for inventory routing problems
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Álvarez Díaz, Aldair Alberto
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
;
Munari Junior, Pedro Augusto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976
Inventory management and distribution planning are essential activities for an efficient performance in the supply chain, especially for companies operating under the vendor-managed inventory business model. In this model, suppliers are allowed to manage the inventory levels and purchasing orders of their customers with the aim of reducing logistics and improving the supply chain performance. When inventory management and distribution planning are addressed in an integrated way in the vendor-managed inventory context, a challenging optimization problem arises, the inventory routing problem (IRP). In the IRP, a supplier is responsible for simultaneously determining the replenishment plan for its customers throughout a planning horizon as well as the vehicle routing and scheduling plan in each period such that a given performance measure is optimized. The integrated optimization of inventory management and distribution planning activities can provide significant competitive advantages for companies. However, despite its practical appeal and benefits, the IRP has received increasing attention only in the last years. Consequently, there is still a considerable lack of research regarding optimization models and specific solution methods for relevant practical variants of this problem. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to develop comprehensive mathematical models and effective solution methods for several IRPs. Relevant variants are considered to make the addressed problems as realistic as possible. Firstly, we describe the basic variant of the IRP and present a mathematical formulation for this problem. We then present two metaheuristic algorithms based on iterated local search and simulated annealing to solve this variant. Two different objective functions are considered. The results of extensive computational experiments using problem instances from the literature show that the presented metaheuristic algorithms effectively handle both objective functions, providing high-quality solutions within relatively short running times. In addition, the metaheuristics were able to find new best solutions for some of the benchmark instances. Then we shift to a practical variant of the IRP considering product perishability. This feature has a substantial relevance in the supply chain context given that in several industries, the raw materials, as well as intermediate and final products, are often perishable. Moreover, perishability may appear in more than one activity throughout the supply chain. We study a variant in which the product is assumed to have a fixed shelf-life with age-dependent revenues and inventory holding costs. We first introduce four different mathematical formulations and branch-and-cut algorithms to solve them. We also propose a hybrid heuristic based on the combination of an iterated local search metaheuristic and two mathematical programming components. The results of computational experiments show the different advantages of the introduced formulations and the effectiveness of our hybrid method when dealing with this variant as well as the basic variant of the problem. Finally, we focus on a stochastic variant of the IRP. Uncertainty plays a crucial role in supply chain management given that critical input data that are required for effective planning often are not known in advance. We address the basic variant of the IRP under the consideration that both the product supply and the customer demands are uncertain. We introduce a two-stage stochastic programming formulation and a heuristic solution method for this problem. From the results of extensive computational experiments, we show the response mechanisms of the optimal solutions under different uncertainty levels and cost configurations. We also show that the heuristic method effectively solves instances with a large number of scenarios. By investigating different practical constraints for the IRP and providing tailored effective solution methods for the studied variants, this thesis addresses problems arising in several logistics contexts and shows the adaptability of the basic variant of the IRP and how it can be used as a basis to study richer practical IRPs. It brings contributions for the supply chain optimization literature and for the development of tools for supporting decision-making in practice.
O Inventário de envolvimento paterno: estrutura teórica e ampliação de indicadores de validade e de precisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Santis, Ligia de
;
Peixoto, Evandro Morais
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1872961522740682
;
Barham, Elizabeth Joan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
Father involvement is influenced by psychosocial factors in the lives of parents and children and is associated with the healthy development of children and the well-being of parents. A model of the interpersonal processes related to this construct, and a psychometrically sound instrument to measure father involvement would contribute to improving the quality of professional work in this area, in Brazil. The Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) has been adapted for use in Brazil (the IFI-BR), and although initial evidence of its validity has already been demonstrated, further information is needed to support evidence-based practice. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to: (a) continue to investigate the validity of the IFI-BR, examining additional evidence of the internal validity of the instrument, and its relation with other constructs, (b) compare results for fathers who responded to the instrument in-person, or on-line, and (c) evaluate a processes model of father involvement. Participants included 1,085 fathers with children in early childhood education and primary school settings. They completed the IFI-BR, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and two of the following measures: a second measure of father involvement (the Paternal Engagement Questionnaire or the Parenting Practices Inventory), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Social Skills Inventory - Del Prette, and the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scale. In Study 1, estimators of the precision and evidence of the internal validity (using factor analysis) of the IFI-BR were analyzed, for two samples: (a) fathers with children in early childhood education settings and (b) fathers with children in grades one to five. Based on these results, suggestions were made for changing some of the items. In Study 2, evidence for the internal validity of the modified version of the IFI-BR was examined, confirming the nine-factor structure of the American version of the IFI with the Brazilian sample of fathers with children in preschool through to grade five. The precision of the nine factors varied from 0,611 ≤ ω ≥ 0,779. In Study 3, evidence was found with respect to: (a) convergent validity, and (b) associations with related constructs, for the IFI-BR. In Study 4, initial evidence of validity based on the internal structure of the on-line version of the measure was observed, confirming the American structure of the IFI, with adequate estimators of precision (0,608 ≤ ω ≥ 0,838). However, some differences were found in the level of father involvement and in the sociodemographic profile of each group of fathers. Finally, in Study 5, the interpersonal process model was evaluated, confirming that some demographic variables and the fathers’ social skills predict the quality of father involvement. Fathers’ stress seems to act both as a predictor and as an outcome of father involvement. These results indicate the potential of the IFI-BR in assessing the quality of father involvement with Brazilian fathers of children from early childhood education through to grade five, for both the in-person and on-line versions. In future studies, in addition to examining scores on the IFI-BR for fathers in contexts that may negatively affect the quality of their paternal involvement, efforts are also needed to capture information about the psychometric properties of the items and evidence based on: (a) criterion validity, (b) experimental and quasi-experimental studies, (c) response processes, and (d) consequences of testing. This instrument, combined with greater knowledge about interpersonal processes related to father involvement, in Brazil, will contribute to the quality of research work and professional interventions to support father involvement.
Avaliação funcional da interação entre os núcleos da rafe e o núcleo retrotrapezóide nas respostas ventilatórias à hipercapnia em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Leirão, Isabela de Paula
;
Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684467594359403
;
Zoccal, Daniel Breseghello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1958567557189244
During hypercapnia, chemosensory cells located in the brainstem are stimulated and send excitatory inputs to the respiratory network to promote an increase pulmonary ventilation. Among the candidates responsible for central chemoreception are the raphe serotonergic neurons, which widely send projections to distinct respiratory compartments. In spite of the anatomical evidence, there are few functional studies demonstrating how the raphe serotonergic neurons interact with the respiratory network, specially other chemosensitive sites. Herein, we explored the hypothesis that the ventilatory response to hypercapnia depends, at least in part, on the stimulation of the raphe serotonergic neurons that send projections to the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) - an important respiratory region of the ventromedullary surface that contains CO2/pH sensitive cells. To reach this goal, the pulmonary ventilation was evaluated under baseline conditions and during the exposure to hypercapnia in unanesthetized juvenile Holtzman rats (60 - 90 g) that received bilateral microinjections of the toxin anti-SERT-SAP (0.1 mM) in the RTN to selectively lesion serotonergic neurons that send projections to this region. Fifteen days after microinjections of anti-SERT-SAP in the RTN (n = 8), baseline respiratory frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT) were not different from control animals that received vehicle microinjections (n = 9). On the other hand, the specific ablation of RTN-projecting serotonergic neurons markedly attenuated the response of increase in the f, but not in the VT, observed during the exposure to 7% CO2. The impaired tachypneic response to hypercapnia induced by anti-SERT-SAP microinjections in the RTN was associated with reduced number of serotonergic neurons in the raphe obscurus and magnus, but not in the raphe pallidus. Our data support the idea that, in the absence of anesthesia, the activation of part of medullary raphe serotonergic neurons that send projection to the RTN are necessary for the processing of ventilatory reflex responses during the exposure to high CO2.
O Estado mínimo de Robert Nozick: uma análise acerca dos limites da ação estatal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Foderario, Vinicius Elias
;
Stival, Monica Loyola
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624149613819754
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3219982170294571
The aim of this research is to analyze the limits of state action, based on the perspective of political liberalism. The theme is approached from the criticism made by Robert Nozick, in Anarchy, State and Utopia (AEU), the idea of a redistributive State defended by another liberal, John Rawls. Since the defense of freedom is the foundation of liberal theories, we are interested in understanding the space that individual freedom leaves so that the democratic state of law can act without violating the private freedom of the citizen. The general objective of the research obliges us to go through themes, such as: positive freedom, negative freedom, limits of state action, social justice, free market, state intervention, social state, state restricted to security functions, among others. However, the research is limited to analyzing the topic from a moral perspective, that is, the purpose is to understand whether, contrary to what Nozick argues, it would be possible to think of a liberal state that develops social functions, without this, necessarily, morally violates the individual's private freedom. During the analysis, arguments are presented in defense of individual freedom from a conception of a redistributive State, as well as arguments in favor of a minimal state structure, restricted only to protection functions. In general, the research presents the debate carried out between the egalitarian liberalism of John Rawls, present in A Theory of Justice (TJ), and the free process liberalism of Robert Nozick.
Considerando alterações climáticas na escolha de áreas para conservação de serpentes na região hidrográfica Tocantins-Araguaia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Pelegrini, Sóstenes José Souza
;
Lemes, Priscila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7228776843625214
;
São Pedro, Vinícius de Avelar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404103190291423
One of the most effective ways to preserve biodiversity in situ is through the creation of protected areas. The expansion of the network of protected areas is crucial for efforts to conserve biodiversity to be optimized in suitable areas. To this end, it is important that new areas are chosen with clear criteria - for example, high diversity and level of endemism. It is increasingly important to consider the current global climate changes, as there is evidence that many species change their current range in response to new climatic conditions. Here, we seek to indicate which are the best areas for the conservation of snakes in the Tocantins-Araguaia Hydrographic Region, an area of great biological importance, but also increasingly threatened by human activities. We considered two climate change scenarios, an optimistic and a pessimistic one (RCP 45 and RCP85) and generated ecological niche models for the entire snake community in the region. Finally, using the generated models, the network of existing conservation units and the percentage of native vegetation obtained through MAPBIOMAS, we point out the most climatically stable areas as the most suitable for the conservation of snakes in this basin. For this we use the Zonation software. In our results, we observed that most of these areas are concentrated south of the study region, coinciding with the largest current gap in protected areas in this basin.
Modelos de sobrevivência induzidos por fragilidade discreta série de potência zero-modificada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Molina, Katy Rocio Cruz
;
Calsavara, Vinicius Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2500432593240959
;
Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
Survival models with a frailty term are presented as an extension of Cox's proportional risk model (COX, 1972), in which a random effect, called frailty, is introduced in the risk function in a multiplicative way with the aim of modeling the unobserved heterogeneity from the units under study. The distribution for the frailty variable is assumed to be continuous and not negative. However, there are some situations it is appropriate to consider discretely-distributed frailty, for example, when heterogeneity in lifetimes arises because of the presence of a random number of flaws in a unit or because of exposure to damage on a random number of occasions. In this work, we developed different frailty models applying some distributions belonging to Zero-Modified Power Series (ZMPS) family. In this context, with the use of the ZMPS distribution for frailty, we can notice the possibility of individuals with zero frailty, which corresponds to a limited failure model that contains a proportion of units that never fail (long-term survivors) or cure fraction model. The proposed model is applied to a set of real melanoma data.
A società Dante Alighieri: um estudo de caso sobre o associativismo étnico italiano em São Carlos/SP – 1902 a 1938
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Conceição, Carla Fernandes da
;
Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9305606827299303
The present PhD thesis has the objective of analyzing the associationism practice by the Italian immigrants in the São Carlos, São Paulo State, in the years of 1902 through 1938, by understanding the activities of “Dante Alighieri” Italian Society. With this aim, the study is based on comprehending the society as a social space in which the Italian immigrant builds its ethnic identity, associating the mechanisms and strategies of incorporation to the host society upon its professional, economical, cultural, educational and social capitals. The director members of the society, president and vice-president will have a focus in the present study, based on the analysis of regional, professional, educational trajectories, in relation to the fascism and the construction of individual and associativist trajectories. The source of the study is based on several documents, mainly on minutes from ordinary meetings and board meetings of the studied society, complemented by the analysis of the articles of incorporation of the society, as well as local newspapers at the time, city Almanac, in the Municipal census of 1907, marriage certificates, books, journal articles, thesis and dissertations. The present research then prioritizes a qualitative analysis but does not disregard the use of qualitative documents. In the end, the present study will contribute to understand the associationism practices of Italian immigrants in São Carlos, by using the Dante Alighieri Italian Society as a case study, which so far has been a theme not well covered in the literature.
Formulações à base de Bacillus spp., para controle de Alternaria alternata f.sp citri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Moura, Álisson Queiroz
;
Correa, Élida Barbosa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308762941982851
;
Kupper, Katia Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740
In the 2018 harvest, Brazil produced 996.872 tons of tangerines and their hybrids, with the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais responsible for 59% of this production. However, this productive potential requires the use of a high number of fungicide applications to control one of the main phytosanitary problems, an Alternaria Brown Spot (ABS), caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata f.sp citri. However, the results, besides it not being entirely satisfactory, can have a negative impact on health and the environment. The insertion of alternative methods, such as biological control, can be a efficient and socially correct strategy for controlling the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop Bacillus subtilis (ACB-01) and B. amyloliquefaciens (ACB-08) based formulations, which in previous studies showed potential for controlling ABS. For this, it was evaluated: (i) the addition of nitrogen compounds and trace elements on the antagonistic activity from bacteria; (ii) the use of different carrier materials (talc, kaolin and starch) in the formulation; (iii) the shelf life of Bacillus spp.-based formulations, in two storage conditions (22 and 4 ° C); (iv) the effect of formulations on mycelial growth and germination of A. alternata conidia and, finally, (v) the efficiency of Bacillus spp.-based formulations, in the control of the disease. The results obtained showed that: most of the evaluated additives favored the antagonism of the bacterial isolates, affecting the mycelial development of the phytopathogen; the combination of a nitrogenous compound and a trace element showed a lower antagonistic activity of the bacteria, when compared with the additives used individually; all Bacillus spp.-based formulations, regardless of the bacterium carrier material, were efficient in inhibiting the germination and development of the A. alternata colony; most formulations remained viable until six months of storage at 22 oC; B. amyloliquefaciens ACB-08-based formulations did not maintain viability when stored for six months at 4 oC; there was a difference regarding the preference of additive and carrier material for the development of formulations from Bacillus species; the best formulations for Alternaria Brown Spot control included: B. subtilis ACB-01 grown with MnSO4.H2O (1mM) + kaolin and B. amyloliquefaciens ACB-08 grown with CoCl2.12H20 (0.2mM) + talc and they were compatible with strobilurin, when applied in mixture.
Elaboração de modelo conceitual para monitoramento de riscos à contaminação da água em comunidades rurais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Corrêa, Rony Felipe Marcelino
;
Ventura, Katia Sakihama
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3531381750355708
Some practices and activities adopted in rural communities can impair water quality consumed by owners. The Water Safety Plan (WSP) is a tool proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent drinking water contamination for human consumption. The objective of this research was to develop a conceptual model for monitoring risks associated with water contamination in rural communities. The methodology consisted of the following phases: i) characterization of rural sanitation; ii) structuring the risk prioritization matrix; iii) structuring an evaluation and monitoring model; iv) elaboration of software; v) validation of the database; vi) software calibration and validation. As a result, a conceptual model for risk monitoring was conceived as an instrument to assist in the application of WSP in rural communities. The calibration and validation of the software was carried out in rural properties in the interior of São Paulo. The results of the calibration and validation indicate that the hazardous events with the greatest risk of contamination in the properties visited were the presence of feces and the presence of agricultural livestock near the water catchment. Other less impactful events were highlighted, such as irregular disposal of domestic waste and effluents, precarious conditions in water storage tanks and transportation of water to homes. These circumstances were pointed out in the literature and the software made it possible to identify and measure the risk. The software covered the preliminary and evaluation stages of the WSP system, and was submitted to validation and calibration. The monitoring of the WSP depends on the application of prevention mechanisms, such as the software developed, in the rural area.
Efeito da associação da fotobiomodulação e exercício físico em mulheres com osteoartrite de joelho sobre o nível de dor: ensaio clínico placebo-controlado randomizado duplo-cego
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Pelloi, Suzana Cristina Pereira
;
Renno, Ana Claudia Muniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4106611304688552
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391906649812193
OA is a degenerative disease with joint signs and symptoms associated with changes in the integrity of the articular cartilage, remodeling of the subchondral bones and local and adjacent tissue inflammation, clinically associated by joint pain and functional limitation. Pain is the biggest disabling factor, so it is important to investigate ways to improve it, and photobiomodulation (PBM) has been highlighted for promoting modulation of the inflammatory process and relief of pain of OA. The objective of this study was to verify whether the gradual increase in the dosage of FBM applied to the knee joint has more positive effects in the treatment of OA when combined with physical exercise, especially in relation to pain. Twenty-eight women, between 55 and 75 years old, with knee OA grades II and III, were allocated to the Physical Exercise Group associated with active PBM (PEAP), who received treatment with an eight-week exercise protocol associated with active irradiation of PBM and Physical Exercise Group associated with Placebo PBM (PEPP), which received the same treatment, but with placebo irradiation. PBM was performed with an 808nm laser, applied to the medial and lateral regions of the knee. The instruments used were (for assessment and reassessment) the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), digital algometer, Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUGT) and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). The results obtained showed that there was an improvement in pain, symptoms and functionality in both groups, with no significant difference between them. It can be concluded that the exercise program was able to reduce the level of pain and increase the functional capacity of women affected by knee OA. However, the PBM used in the treatment regimen, with a progressive increase in the dose, did not optimize the positive results of the exercise program.
Modelos de sobrevivência bivariados baseados na cópula PVF
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-13)
Biondo, Thiago Ramos
;
Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6278031837756816
An alternative developed to study associations among multivariate survival times is the use of models based on copula functions. In this work, we use the survival model derived from the PVF copula, based on the Power Variance Function distribution, to model the dependence of bivariate data in the presence of covariates and censored observations. For inferential purposes, we perform a Bayesian approach using Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) methods. Some discussions about model selection criteria are presented. In order to detect influential observations, we used the Bayesian method of deletion influence analysis of cases based on divergence psi. Finally, we show the applicability of the proposed models to simulated and real datasets.