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Heidegger e o problema da origem da negatividade a partir do fenômeno do nada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Silva, Taciane Alves da; Valentim, Marco Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3587138963940370; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1585491074784089
Nowhere else in the itinerary of Being and Time (1927) does Heidegger explicitly problematize the status of the nothing inherent in the structure of being of human existence when, from the notion of nullity, he recognizes in § 58 the unfounded (finite) character of Dasein. Regarding the clarification of nothingness, negativity (Nichtheit), latent in the existential structure of nullity, as an index of finitude, the ultimate meaning and significance of both are left, in Being and Time, as a task to be accomplished. Based on this diagnosis, this thesis proposes to investigate the ontological-metaphysical meaning of the phenomenon of nothingness, starting from the hypothesis that the problem can be taken as a guiding thread to understand a significant part of Heidegger's investigative path, mainly the path that extends from 1912 to 1939. It is intended to maintain that such a conducting thread has a fundamental and systematic character, insofar as, to be elucidated, it demands the determination of the status of the relationship between ontology, metaphysics and logic in the Heideggerian thought itinerary. Thus, far from being, at first sight, a circumstantial concern regarding the leitmotiv of Heidegger's thought, Seinsfrage, the question of nothingness and finitude would be central to the development, subsequent to the publication of SZ, of his metaphysics project. As a consequence, in raising the problem of the origin of negation, the concept of nothing would allow to establish the place occupied by logic itself within ontology and metaphysics. It is precisely the problem of the sense of nothingness that, in his historical-deconstructive record, allows Heidegger's critical confrontation (Auseinandersetzung) with Hegel, since, as an essential theme, negativity is investigated both in the Hegelian system, which represents the consummation of the history of Western metaphysics, as well as the history of metaphysics in general. In this sense, in spite of Heidegger's thematization of nothingness as a finiteness of being apparently opposed to the infinite power of negativity in the Hegelian logical-metaphysical system, we intend to maintain that there is a deep affinity between Hegel's and Heidegger's positions. If this hypothesis of an assumption common to both is correct, it will be possible not only to understand the scope of the problem opened by the concept of nothing in the Heideggerian Denkweg, but also to open a perspective, not explained by Heidegger, to thematize the very origin of nothing from its anthropogenic character.
Evaluation of filter media with fiber layer produced by the centrifugal spinning method with biocidal effect
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Salussoglia, Ana Isabela Pianowski; Tanabe, Eduardo Hiromitsu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9778700143605069; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4994216861337584
This study aimed to evaluate the air filtration performance of the fiber layer, produced by centrifugal spinning equipment, adhered to the surface of a commercial filter media applied to the internal ventilation system. Also, to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the thyme essential oil added to the fiber layer for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. For this purpose, filter media were produced varying the operating conditions of the equipment, the type of solvent and the substrate. The characteristics of the fiber layer (fiber diameter, porosity, pore size), filtration performance (pressure drop, permeability and collection efficiency of nano and microparticles) and the biocidal effect were analyzed. It was found that the combination of the use of VCS and substrates with different permeabilities led to the formation of a fiber layer with different characteristics; the more permeable the substrates, the lower the porosity of the formed fiber layer. The increase in the power of the VCS promoted an increase in production of fibers, with the decrease in the size of the fibers and the porosity of the fiber layer, consequently, increase in the pressure drop; the collection time had a strong effect on the fiber diameter, in which the longer collection time increased the fiber diameter. The addition of the fiber layer decreased the permeability of the filter medium, increased the pressure drop and the collection efficiency. The investigation of the substrate covered by PAN fibers produced from solutions with dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) indicated that the filter media DMF and DMSO had similar collection efficiency. This may indicate that the DMSO solvent promoted stronger and more consistent polarization of the PAN chains than the DMF solvent, increasing the collection of particles from the DMSO filter medium. The DMSO filter medium was expected to have less collection efficiency than DMF because the DMSO filter medium had a smaller fiber diameter and pore size than DMF and values close to surface porosity. In the study of the filtration performance of pure substrate and substrate covered by PAN fibers, the collection efficiency of micro and nanoparticles was evaluated. For the collection efficiency of nanoparticles, the collection efficiency had an increase of about 20% with the addition of PAN fibers. For the collection efficiency of microparticles, at the beginning of the experiment, the substrate showed a collection efficiency of 50.5% and the covered substrate of 71.0%. After 30 minutes of filtration, the substrate remains in deep filtration, while the addition of the fiber layer promoted surface filtration, which significantly increased the collection efficiency to 97.2%. Finally, the fibers were spun in the same operating conditions on the substrate with essential thyme oil. The filter medium was named 5THY when the thyme essential oil was added to the PAN solution and THY when the essential oil of thyme was sprayed on the filter medium after the production of the fiber layer. The filter media covered with fibers showed a greater pressure drop and collection efficiency of micro and nanoparticles and less permeability than the substrate. THY showed higher collection efficiency than the substrate and 5THY, 99% for microparticles and 58% for nanoparticles. Through the antimicrobial test, it was found that THY showed a 99.999% reduction for the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. While 5THY had a reduction of 15.5 and 89.0%, respectively. In the 5THY filter, the essential oil was added to the fibers before spinning, this may have caused the trapping and/or evaporation of the essential oil and, thus, reduced the reduction of bacteria.
Base de conhecimento para o ensino nas licenciaturas em matemática: uma análise das concepções dos professores formadores sobre suas práticas pedagógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Zero, Beatriz de Macêdo; Silva, João Ricardo Neves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5821775579111920; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2667613700491844
This research aims to: analyze conceptions from teacher educators in Mathematics on their pedagogical practices and relate them to the elements of knowledge base for the teaching proposed by Shulman (1987) – such concepts were explored through the narratives that teachers brought about their practices; survey which instruments and methodological strategies are composed as teacher educators’ pedagogical practices and to verify if teachers think about the possibilities of construction of the elements of the knowledge base for the initial training of new teachers. It is a qualitative research carried out through a field study. Teachers with a degree in Mathematics from three Brazilian public institutions were invited to participate in an online questionnaire related to their education, professional experiences, and practices (pedagogical practices). Subsequently, a sample was selected and interviewed for a better understanding of the documents' discourse and deepening of the questionnaire. The speeches selected in the interviews about pedagogical practices could be articulated to the elements of the knowledge base for teaching and to the processes of reasoning and pedagogical action. The data show that teachers present conceptions about what they do and highlight possibilities of actions on various problems that can be overcome through the elements of the base.
Atratores pullback para uma equação de difusão não autônoma com retardo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Furtado, Izabella Durante Temporini; Nascimento, Marcelo José Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7133572787875912; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7381763229720333
Our goal in this work is to study a nonautonomous parabolic differential equation. We are going to show some results about existence of pullback attractors for this type of problem and for the equation without the delay.
Urban logistics in Sao Paulo city: a comparison between Top of the Pyramid and Base of the Pyramid regions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Navarro, Héctor Ángel Ramírez; Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2163716384393943
The fast expansion of urban areas poses challenges for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies who want to provide products to small retailers, especially in the last-mile delivery, which is a complex process that is hindered by factors such as transit regulations; city infrastructure; and safety. These factors have different levels of impact, between high-income and low-income neighborhoods and are more evident in megacities in developing countries, where it exists a clear division between classes. On one hand, governments do not attend low-income neighborhoods, where it exists a strong presence of unsafe areas, lack of planning, and infrastructure that hinders the deliveries of FMCG. On the other hand, traffic regulations in high-income neighborhoods make the delivery process more complex. This study aims to analyze the urban logistics by comparing lowincome and high-income neighborhoods in Sao Paulo city, by taking into account local businesses, buying consumer behavior, and the distribution process. To achieve this, a questionnaire in loco will be applied to the stakeholders involved (consumers, small retailers, and carriers). The data will be analyzed by employing descriptive statistics in an exploratory and descriptive way. The results from small retailers, consumers, and carriers reveal that in their point of view the delivery of products is different between BOP and TOP. Factors such as the infrastructure of the neighborhoods hinder the delivery of products from companies to small retailers in TOP regions, while in BOP regions small retailers' security and infrastructure are the major problems in the point of view of the actors.
Explorando a avaliação de sumários automáticos multidocumento multilíngues
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Nascimento, Darlan Xavier; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2532304328121248
Multilingual Multi-Document Automatic Summarization (MMDS) is a computational task through which a summary is produced in a target language from a collection of at least two news stories which address the same subject, one in the user’s language and the other(s) in foreign language(s). The scientific literature shows that not many researches approach methods which generate summaries in Portuguese. Based on the CF and CFUL summarization methods, the present thesis describes the development of a study whose goal was to refine the summary quality evaluation, by varying (i) the native language of the producers of the reference summaries, that is, summaries written by human subjects after reading the corresponding source texts and which are necessary for the automatic calculation of informativeness, and (ii) the compression rate (desired summary size). Furthermore, this thesis outlines the enlargement of the corpus used for the investigation of these methods through the addition of texts in German (the original corpus included content in Portuguese and English) and the production of four extracts for each of the twenty clusters. The results show that the reference summaries are slightly impacted by their writer’s native language, even though additional factors might be taken into account, such as the size of each source text and the content compatibility. Regarding the summarization methods, this study found that extracts with a lower compression rate performed better when it came to the automatic evaluation of informativeness and worse in the assessment of linguistic quality.
Formas plurais de governança no transporte de cana-de-açúcar no setor sucroenergético: estudos de caso em usinas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Dornfeld, Hugo Carlos; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3803942037472361
The study of plural forms is the subject of several works carried out by researchers of organizational economics, under the perspective of various theoretical currents, however, there is still no consolidated and comprehensive theoretical framework that explains the reason for its emergence. In this thesis, the theories related to Transaction Cost Economics (TEC) were used, focusing on the way in which companies organize their activities and how they control their internal and external transactions. ECT is one of the most complex theories of organizational economics, because it considers that economic agents interact in order to reduce not only the operation or production costs, but also those related to transaction costs. The plural forms in transactions have been studied in various economic activities and in different areas of the sugar-energy sector, nevertheless, there is no research in the area of sugarcane transport. In the sugar-energy sector, several ways are used to govern raw material transport transactions from the field to industry, from those based on vertical integration to those related to market negotiations, passing through short, medium and long term contracts, which are called hybrid forms. The main aim of this study was to identify and analyze the determinants that guide agents to choose the plural forms in sugarcane transport coordination in the researched mills, as well as to verify the diversity and temporal stability in the transaction governance structures. For this, case studies were performed in a quantity and qualitative approach in ten mills, in different Brazilian states, with different governance types in the raw material transport, using semi-structured questionnaires with open and closed questions. The results indicated that in most of the selected mills there was a plurality in the coordination of sugar cane transport, with the use of different governance forms (market, hybrid forms and vertical integration). There was stability and diversity in the mills that practiced plural forms over the 11 years sampled and there was no trend for the use of only one form in the sugarcane transport. This study demonstrated that the determining factors for the use of governance plural forms were the attributes frequency, degree of uncertainty and asset specificity. All of these attributes were positive and statistically relevant in the statistical models (Poisson Regression and Ordinary Least Squares) used in this study, regarding the use of plural forms of governance structures. From the qualitative and quantitative analyses, it can be concluded that the adoption of plural forms has generated greater operational security and more competitive advantages in relation to transport costs. In this way, the plural forms of the sugarcane transport governance attended to the operational, logistical, financial and security objectives of the evaluated mills better than if single structures were used, reducing transaction costs.
Os Yanonami e o projeto Yaripo: transformações e turismo em Maturacá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Goulart, Leon Terci; Andrello, Geraldo Luciano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447074379881029; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6282732505059521
This dissertation is the result of field research whose objective was the study of the Yanomami of Maturacá (Rio Negro region, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas) participation in the elaboration and implementation of the Projeto Yaripo, which is an ecotourism activity proposal whithin the Terra Indígena Yanomami and the Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina. Beyond the indigenous participation, the project counts with the envolvement of many state institutions and a non-governmental organization – Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI), Exército Brasileiro and Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). Thus, the etnography focused on the relations between the Yanomami and the “partners” of the project – in other words, on the intensification of a wide interethnic network of interactions –, on the political relations internal to the yanomami communities and on the local understandings about the tourism activity and about the places reserved for it. Although the beginning of visitation to Yaripo – as the Yanomami call the Pico da Neblina – had not begun during the fieldwork, I suggest here that the indigenous participation in the Projeto Yaripo has already produced multiple effects in Maturacá.
Data of Cerrado's tree crown networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-12) Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567