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O desenvolvimento de um laboratório virtual para o ensino da 1ª Lei de Ohm utilizando o GeoGebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16) Guerreiro, Luis Gustavo Jayme; Soares, Antonio Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8093480629202515; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7605744386038049
With the potential of using Information and Communication Technologies (TIC) in Physics Education, it was decided to develop a Virtual Learning Laboratory (LVA) using the GeoGebra software and five application scripts in order to provide opportunities for the study of the 1ª Law Ohm's and resistor associations in high school (EM). In addition to the development of LVA and the application scripts of the same, this work also sought to analyze the benefits and strategies for using LVA. support of a theoretical framework it was decided to guide the applications in David Ausubel's theory of Significant and prove that the LVA applied correctly and with the students' pre-disposition this tool can be potentially significant. The results obtained here were of qualitative analysis and refer to the teacher's perceptions during the applications when compared with his previous experiences of teaching the 1st Ohm's Law prior to teaching associations without using the Virtual Learning Laboratory
Contribuições da engenharia de sistemas em bioprocessos à transição para a economia neutra em carbono: análise tecno-econômica-ambiental de biorrefinarias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16) Elias, Andrew Milli; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9027834000452831
R&D of (bio)chemical processes should include economic analysis and environmental assessment since the early stages of research, to improve the chance of successful industrial implementation. Process Systems Engineering tools (PSE) allied with technical-economic analysis (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to identify possible bottlenecks, providing targets for R&D teams. Thus, the objective of this work was to expand the retro-techno-economic analysis (RTEA) through the LCA inclusion, methodology refinement with the addition of the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) and heat integration through the Pinch methodology. The processes were simulated in the EMSO software. Pinch analysis occurs at each convergence loop. The tool has been evaluated in several case studies, providing a maximum deviation of 10.7% compared to optimization techniques. When applied to the 1G and 1G-2G ethanol biorefinery, a system with more than 27 thousand variables, there was a reduction in utility consumption of up to 12,8%, increasing plant productivity. In addition, energy integration increased the robustness of the simulation by creating a “virtual heat exchangers network”. This network deals, in simulation time, with convergence problems due to structural changes in the process, which can occur during the analysis. The expansion of RTEA incorporating LCA, called retro-techno-economic-environmental analysis (RTEEA), combine life cycle analysis (LCA) metrics with economic ones, in order to delimit regions of operation of the process, which simultaneously meet the desired economic and environmental performance. In this methodology, instead of assessing the economic and environmental feasibility of a specific operational condition, TEA and LCA are used to provide target values for the main process metrics. RTEEA is composed by four stages: base case construction, incorporation of TEA and LCA in the process simulation, selection of key variables through GSA and delimitation of the feasible space. RTEEA was applied in two case studies: 1G and 1G-2G ethanol biorefinery from sugar cane and the production of cellulases enzymes through solid state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse in an integrated process to 1G-2G biorefinery. The selection of key variables through the process GSA was carried out in two stages. The first, using the Morris method, aims to determine which variables can have their values fixed, thus being excluded from the next step. The second part, using the Sobol method, aims to list, in order of priority, which variables most contribute to the variation of the values of the model outputs. In the first case study, RTEEA identified that any feasible 1G-2G ethanol production process will always have a lower greenhouse gas emission than the 1G ethanol process. In the second case study, GSA demonstrated that enzyme activity is the variable that most affects the metrics. In addition, the RTEEA showed that if the economic viability of the process is attended, the environmental constraint will also be encountered.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of elliptic equations involving nonlocal integrodifferential operator with variable exponent
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16) Bonaldo, Lauren Maria Mezzomo; Miyagaki, Olímpio Hiroshi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2646698407526867; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942212522412870
In this work, we are interested in the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for a class of elliptic problems. The first problem deals with the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to a class of elliptic equations involving a general nonlocal integrodifferential operator $\mathscr{L}_{\mathcal{A}K}$ with variable exponent, two real parameters, and two weight functions, which can be sign-changing in a smooth bounded domain. Considering different situations related to the growth of nonlinearities involved in problem, we prove the existence of two distinct nontrivial solutions for the case of constant exponents and the existence of a continuous family of eigenvalues in the case of variable exponents. The proofs of the main results are based on ground state solutions using the Nehari method, Ekeland’s variational principle, and the direct method of the calculus of variations. The second problem deals with the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions involving the same operator $\mathscr{L}_{\mathcal{A}K} $, variable exponents without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz type growth conditions and a positive real parameter in a smooth bounded domain. Using different versions of the Mountain Pass Theorem, as well as, the Fountain Theorem and Dual Fountain Theorem with Cerami condition, we obtain the existence of weak solutions for problem. Moreover, for the case sublinear, by imposing some additional hypotheses on the nonlinearity, we obtain the existence of infinitely many weak solutions which tend to be zero, in the fractional Sobolev norm, for any positive parameter.
Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas: um roteiro para o ensino de termodinâmica na educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16) Barros, Bruno Arena; Gebara, Maria José Fontana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0231636153350280
In this paper we have aimed to develop and apply an educational product taking the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology as base for teaching Physics in Basic Education. Considering one of the variations of the method, known as Partial PBL, we have developed a module composed of two problems for teaching the First Law of Thermodynamics that was applied in three classes of Sophomore year at a public High School in the interior of São Paulo state. In addition to the theoretical references of PBL we rely on the Vigotskian theory to explain Teaching-Learning process, specifically in the social interactions through which the construction of concepts happens. We have described the problem development process, its application and the learning perception by both students and teacher. As a result, their narratives allow us to infer that the product was well received by students, occurring a change in interactions between teacher and students as well as partial appropriation by students of the physical concepts explored in the product. Our experience corroborates the references consulted about the difficulties of applying the PBL method in regular schools, so we consider that the applicability of this educational product, although possible in any school model, can be more useful in full-time schools.
Quem tem voz no Supremo? Uma análise das audiências públicas no processo decisório do STF
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16) Falavinha, Diego Hermínio Stefanutto; Oliveira, Fabiana Luci de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9487149052862292; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2783056587671102
The central question of this research is to verify how public hearings work in the decision-making process of the Supreme Federal Court, so as to map which voices are heard and which interests they represent. This work also aims to analyze whether public hearings can be considered a space capable of adding democratic legitimacy to the STF decisions, if they are a way of technically assisting Ministers in matters unrelated to the legal debate or if they are mere procedural formalism without much influence on the Court's decisions. To do so, this research was developed using a quantitative approach through the systematization and codification of documents referring to the 26 public hearings that took place between 2007 and 25 June 2019. The research showed that public hearings are an instrument of individual action used by the Ministers with broad discretion to decide their agenda and procedure. Its format lacks transparency, which makes it difficult to understand the reasons for choosing the participants. Thus, in spite of the Ministers indicating in the dispatches and in the opening speeches of the hearings that they seek to add democratic legitimacy to their audience, non-legal subsidies for their votes and promoting an interinstitutional dialogue, it was necessary to analyze who were the participants and exhibitors who have access to the STF. Participants who were accepted or who were summoned to the hearings are evenly divided amongst representatives of society's interests, experts,political institutions and justice institutions. However, the analysis of the professional profile of the exhibitors revealed that most of the voices that access public hearings are legal professionals, professors / researchers and public agents, many of them making speeches with technical-scientific content. With this information, we sought to understand how Ministers use the contributions of participants and exhibitors in their votes. As a result, 15 case judgments from public hearings were analyzed, establishing whether the Ministers participated in the sessions and if they used the contributions in their votes, showing that the Ministers use little information in their votes and, with the exception of the Minister who called the hearing, the others do not usually participate in the hearings. Therefore, it was asked why Ministers convene public hearings, concluding that they use them as a form of political promotion of the Supreme Court seeking to add credibility to the institution that appears to be open to the participation of society to discuss causes that are considered to have great public relevance. Finally, public hearings have a democratizing potential by allowing access to various voices in the Court. Nonetheless, its plastered and largely discretionary procedure indicates that the voices most present are those of the Ministers themselves, who have full control of the institute, followed by the professionals who are most present as exhibitors (lawyers, professors / researchers and public agents).