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Quem tem voz no Supremo? Uma análise das audiências públicas no processo decisório do STF
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16)
Falavinha, Diego Hermínio Stefanutto
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Oliveira, Fabiana Luci de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9487149052862292
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2783056587671102
The central question of this research is to verify how public hearings work in the decision-making process of the Supreme Federal Court, so as to map which voices are heard and which interests they represent. This work also aims to analyze whether public hearings can be considered a space capable of adding democratic legitimacy to the STF decisions, if they are a way of technically assisting Ministers in matters unrelated to the legal debate or if they are mere procedural formalism without much influence on the Court's decisions. To do so, this research was developed using a quantitative approach through the systematization and codification of documents referring to the 26 public hearings that took place between 2007 and 25 June 2019. The research showed that public hearings are an instrument of individual action used by the Ministers with broad discretion to decide their agenda and procedure. Its format lacks transparency, which makes it difficult to understand the reasons for choosing the participants. Thus, in spite of the Ministers indicating in the dispatches and in the opening speeches of the hearings that they seek to add democratic legitimacy to their audience, non-legal subsidies for their votes and promoting an interinstitutional dialogue, it was necessary to analyze who were the participants and exhibitors who have access to the STF. Participants who were accepted or who were summoned to the hearings are evenly divided amongst representatives of society's interests, experts,political institutions and justice institutions. However, the analysis of the professional profile of the exhibitors revealed that most of the voices that access public hearings are legal professionals, professors / researchers and public agents, many of them making speeches with technical-scientific content. With this information, we sought to understand how Ministers use the contributions of participants and exhibitors in their votes. As a result, 15 case judgments from public hearings were analyzed, establishing whether the Ministers participated in the sessions and if they used the contributions in their votes, showing that the Ministers use little information in their votes and, with the exception of the Minister who called the hearing, the others do not usually participate in the hearings. Therefore, it was asked why Ministers convene public hearings, concluding that they use them as a form of political promotion of the Supreme Court seeking to add credibility to the institution that appears to be open to the participation of society to discuss causes that are considered to have great public relevance. Finally, public hearings have a democratizing potential by allowing access to various voices in the Court. Nonetheless, its plastered and largely discretionary procedure indicates that the voices most present are those of the Ministers themselves, who have full control of the institute, followed by the professionals who are most present as exhibitors (lawyers, professors / researchers and public agents).
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of elliptic equations involving nonlocal integrodifferential operator with variable exponent
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16)
Bonaldo, Lauren Maria Mezzomo
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Miyagaki, Olímpio Hiroshi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2646698407526867
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942212522412870
In this work, we are interested in the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for a class of elliptic problems. The first problem deals with the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to a class of elliptic equations involving a general nonlocal integrodifferential operator $\mathscr{L}_{\mathcal{A}K}$ with variable exponent, two real parameters, and two weight functions, which can be sign-changing in a smooth bounded domain. Considering different situations related to the growth of nonlinearities involved in problem, we prove the existence of two distinct nontrivial solutions for the case of constant exponents and the existence of a continuous family of eigenvalues in the case of variable exponents. The proofs of the main results are based on ground state solutions using the Nehari method, Ekeland’s variational principle, and the direct method of the calculus of variations. The second problem deals with the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions involving the same operator $\mathscr{L}_{\mathcal{A}K} $, variable exponents without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz type growth conditions and a positive real parameter in a smooth bounded domain. Using different versions of the Mountain Pass Theorem, as well as, the Fountain Theorem and Dual Fountain Theorem with Cerami condition, we obtain the existence of weak solutions for problem. Moreover, for the case sublinear, by imposing some additional hypotheses on the nonlinearity, we obtain the existence of infinitely many weak solutions which tend to be zero, in the fractional Sobolev norm, for any positive parameter.
O desenvolvimento de um laboratório virtual para o ensino da 1ª Lei de Ohm utilizando o GeoGebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16)
Guerreiro, Luis Gustavo Jayme
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Soares, Antonio Soares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8093480629202515
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7605744386038049
With the potential of using Information and Communication Technologies (TIC) in Physics Education, it was decided to develop a Virtual Learning Laboratory (LVA) using the GeoGebra software and five application scripts in order to provide opportunities for the study of the 1ª Law Ohm's and resistor associations in high school (EM). In addition to the development of LVA and the application scripts of the same, this work also sought to analyze the benefits and strategies for using LVA. support of a theoretical framework it was decided to guide the applications in David Ausubel's theory of Significant and prove that the LVA applied correctly and with the students' pre-disposition this tool can be potentially significant. The results obtained here were of qualitative analysis and refer to the teacher's perceptions during the applications when compared with his previous experiences of teaching the 1st Ohm's Law prior to teaching associations without using the Virtual Learning Laboratory
Contribuições da engenharia de sistemas em bioprocessos à transição para a economia neutra em carbono: análise tecno-econômica-ambiental de biorrefinarias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16)
Elias, Andrew Milli
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Furlan, Felipe Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
R&D of (bio)chemical processes should include economic analysis and environmental assessment since the early stages of research, to improve the chance of successful industrial implementation. Process Systems Engineering tools (PSE) allied with technical-economic analysis (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to identify possible bottlenecks, providing targets for R&D teams. Thus, the objective of this work was to expand the retro-techno-economic analysis (RTEA) through the LCA inclusion, methodology refinement with the addition of the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) and heat integration through the Pinch methodology. The processes were simulated in the EMSO software. Pinch analysis occurs at each convergence loop. The tool has been evaluated in several case studies, providing a maximum deviation of 10.7% compared to optimization techniques. When applied to the 1G and 1G-2G ethanol biorefinery, a system with more than 27 thousand variables, there was a reduction in utility consumption of up to 12,8%, increasing plant productivity. In addition, energy integration increased the robustness of the simulation by creating a “virtual heat exchangers network”. This network deals, in simulation time, with convergence problems due to structural changes in the process, which can occur during the analysis. The expansion of RTEA incorporating LCA, called retro-techno-economic-environmental analysis (RTEEA), combine life cycle analysis (LCA) metrics with economic ones, in order to delimit regions of operation of the process, which simultaneously meet the desired economic and environmental performance. In this methodology, instead of assessing the economic and environmental feasibility of a specific operational condition, TEA and LCA are used to provide target values for the main process metrics. RTEEA is composed by four stages: base case construction, incorporation of TEA and LCA in the process simulation, selection of key variables through GSA and delimitation of the feasible space. RTEEA was applied in two case studies: 1G and 1G-2G ethanol biorefinery from sugar cane and the production of cellulases enzymes through solid state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse in an integrated process to 1G-2G biorefinery. The selection of key variables through the process GSA was carried out in two stages. The first, using the Morris method, aims to determine which variables can have their values fixed, thus being excluded from the next step. The second part, using the Sobol method, aims to list, in order of priority, which variables most contribute to the variation of the values of the model outputs. In the first case study, RTEEA identified that any feasible 1G-2G ethanol production process will always have a lower greenhouse gas emission than the 1G ethanol process. In the second case study, GSA demonstrated that enzyme activity is the variable that most affects the metrics. In addition, the RTEEA showed that if the economic viability of the process is attended, the environmental constraint will also be encountered.
Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas: um roteiro para o ensino de termodinâmica na educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-16)
Barros, Bruno Arena
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Gebara, Maria José Fontana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585493065968961
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0231636153350280
In this paper we have aimed to develop and apply an educational product taking the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology as base for teaching Physics in Basic Education. Considering one of the variations of the method, known as Partial PBL, we have developed a module composed of two problems for teaching the First Law of Thermodynamics that was applied in three classes of Sophomore year at a public High School in the interior of São Paulo state. In addition to the theoretical references of PBL we rely on the Vigotskian theory to explain Teaching-Learning process, specifically in the social interactions through which the construction of concepts happens. We have described the problem development process, its application and the learning perception by both students and teacher. As a result, their narratives allow us to infer that the product was well received by students, occurring a change in interactions between teacher and students as well as partial appropriation by students of the physical concepts explored in the product. Our experience corroborates the references consulted about the difficulties of applying the PBL method in regular schools, so we consider that the applicability of this educational product, although possible in any school model, can be more useful in full-time schools.
Práticas de observação astronômica no ensino médio: uma proposta de sequência didática para uso de telescópio remoto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-17)
Lyra, Victor Souza
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Bretones, Paulo Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0016646045895716
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8564751564430725
This work deals with the elaboration and implementation of an educational product in the form of a Didactic Sequence (DS) for high school students and aims to use a remote telescope to trace a historical path, starting from the simple observation of the sky with the naked eye and achieve remote observation through a telescope. It is understood that work like this is important because, in the school environment, greater emphasis is placed on the basic understanding of scientific terms and concepts, leaving in the background the issue of understanding the nature of Science and its relationship with technology and the society. The DS takes the history and epistemology of Science as its guiding axis and will involve the topic of astronomical observations. Students interested in participating took a course of 10 expository classes dialogued, with the possibility of making astronomical observations with the naked eye and using some instruments and telescopes. The purpose of the course was to offer the students involved a vision of how science thinking and doing go hand in hand with their historical and cultural contexts, relating what was observed in the sky to the way of seeing the world at different times. Concepts of the history and epistemology of Science were explored as a guiding principle for the development of DS. Using Gowin's “V” in an inductive perspective, DS analysis was performed to validate it, as well as redesign completing the first cycle of the iterative process of the Teaching and Learning Sequence (TLS). From the comments and questions made by the students during the course, transcribed in this work, it was possible to characterize the occurrence of elements of the history and epistemology of Science during the DS.
O amor no sertão rosiano: uma leitura de Desenredo e Dão-Lalalão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-17)
Rissi, Natália Calderan
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Martha, Diana Junkes Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1857520068239671
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8388692642411187
This work proposes to analyze the novella Dão-Lalalão, present in the book Noites do Sertão, which is part of the work Corpo de Baile, and the short story Desenredo, present in the book Tutameia, by João Guimarães Rosa. Our proposal is to understand how love is presented in these narratives, taking into account the historical and social context of the backlands. Starting from these two elements, love and the backlands, which we consider fundamental to understand the writer, this study proposes a new reading of these narratives, which discusses the love inserted in the social and political environment of the backlands, in which both concepts can’t be understood separately. Thus, the questions that motivate this research are: how is love shown in these narratives, where, less or more explicitly, there is the determination of social order, predominated by the jagunço system? Why do the protagonists, Jó Joaquim and Soropita, find different solutions to deal with their love relationships, taking into account that both of them love women who do not correspond - or did not correspond - the model of women expected in the backlands?In other words, we seek to understand how love occurs in this particular historical environment and what are the implications for Soropita, the protagonist of Dão-Lalalão, who succumbs to the discontentment, and for Jó Joaquim, the protagonist of Desenredo, who can forgive the woman he loves and find happiness through love.
Linguagem e fluência verbal: processamento cognitivo, fatores sociodemográficos, psicossociais, funcionais e reconhecimento de expressões faciais de emoções em idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-17)
Francisco, Helen Capeleto
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Guarisco, Letícia Pimenta Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9170509383468366
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
Skills such as language and verbal fluency may decline with aging. The general objective of this dissertation was to investigate the relationship between language and verbal fluency with other cognitive processes in addition to factors associated to good language performance among elderly individuals enrolled in primary health care services of a city in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. Three studies were developed: the first analyzed the relationship between cognitive processing, language and verbal fluency among elderly individuals (N=149). The following instruments were used: a questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised to assess language and verbal fluency. Cognitive processing (P300) was assessed using a device that captures potentials elicited in auditory tasks. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed. A negative correlation was found between language and the P300 latency and a positive correlation between verbal fluency and P300 amplitude. Comprehension and naming tasks presented a negative correlation with latency. Repetition tasks revealed a positive correlation with the amplitude. Thus, a relationship was found between latency and P300 amplitude measures as well as between language skills and verbal fluency. These findings suggest that language is correlated with P300 latency and verbal fluency is correlated with amplitude. The second paper identified the sociodemographic, psychosocial and functional factors associated with the performance of elderly individuals in the language and verbal fluency domains (N=149). A questionnaire was used for sociodemographic characterization along with the revised version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (verbal fluency and language), Geriatric Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Medical Outcomes Study, WHOQOL-OLD, and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The sample was divided into terciles according language performance and verbal fluency: T1 with the best performance, T2 with an average performance, and T3 with the worst performance. The performances of T1 and T3 in language and verbal fluency were analyzed using univariate binary regression analysis while multivariate analysis was used for the independent variables: age, sex, education, family income, depression symptoms, stress, social support, quality of life, and functionality. The variables associated with language in the analysis of T1 and T3 were: schooling (OR=1.578, CI 95% 1.152 – 2.161), income (OR= 1.001, CI 95% 1.000 – 1.003) and functionality (OR= 1.571, CI 95% 1.015 – 2.433). The factors associated with verbal fluency were: education (OR=1.525, CI 95% 1.254-1.855) and functionality (OR=1.357, CI 95% 1.081-1.703). Education and functionality were important factors associated with language performance and verbal fluency, while income was associated with language only. The third study verified whether language and the recognition of emotional facial expressions were related with better/worst language performance of elderly individuals. A total of 118 elderly individuals enrolled in primary health care services were assessed. Sociodemographic data were collected along with language performance using the revised version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised and recognition of facial expressions of emotion. The language results were correlated to the results concerning recognition of facial expressions of emotion. The sample was divided into terciles according to the language tasks (T1 best performance, T2 average performance, and T3 worst performance. The performances of T1xT3 groups in the facial recognition task were compared for each emotion (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sorrow, and surprise) and intensity (40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and total). Most of the sample was composed of women (84.7%), aged 70.5 years old on average with an average of 3.5 years of schooling. Recognition of emotions such as disgust and surprise presented a moderate positive correlation with language, while recognition of fear presented a negative and weak correlation with poor magnitude. T1 presented the best performance in recognizing disgust and surprise while T3 presented the best performance in recognizing fear. Intensities 80% and 100% presented statistically superior results in T1 in comparison with T3. Language therefore, was correlated with the recognition of emotions such as disgust, fear and surprise. The group with the best language performance also presented the best performance in recognizing disgust and surprise and all the higher intensities. These findings are expected to contribute to a better understanding of language and verbal fluency among elderly individuals facing a health aging process and cognitive decline, aiding the diagnosis, prognosis and clinical practice.
Recomendações de design para jogos educacionais Inclusivos para diferentes dispositivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-18)
Reis, Ana Paula de Sousa
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Otsuka, Joice Lee
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8235968002513082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6936762613429897
In the last decades, digital games have invaded people daily lives. The increasingly fast and accessible Internet, combined with the popularization of mobile devices, have promoted the growth of the digital games market, previously restricted to the consoles and desktops now are spread out on smartphones and tablets screens. This reality reached the school environment and digital educational games emerged, with resources capable of bringing an active, fun and immersive learning to the school environment, in addition to allowing content to become accessible inside and outside the classroom. However, considering these resources are predominantly graphic, most games exclude people with visual impairments. The aim of this work is to propose a set of recommendations for the design of educational games for different devices, including people with visual impairments. To this end, a literature review was conducted and two sets of recommendations were found and served as the basis for this study: EduGameAccess (Fontoura Junior, 2018), which includes recommendations for design of inclusive educational games and Korhonen’s set (2016), which includes recommendations for design of games for mobile devices. The two sets were analyzed and adapted, resulting in an initial recommendation set for the design of inclusive educational games for different devices. This initial set was evaluated and tested in the design and development process of the educational game A Era Inclusiva, developed by the Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem (LOA), which made it possible the set reﬁnement. To improve and validate the initial set, a case study was conducted, based on the adaptation of the game Forca, developed by LOA, using the proposed set, resulting in the Forca Inclusiva game. Iterative cycles of design, development and evaluation were carried out and the ﬁnal version of the game and the proposed recommendation set, called EduGameAccessM was obtained, containing 39 recommendations. The game ﬁnal version conformance with EduGameAccess-M was evaluated by specialists and developers. In addition, playability tests and EgameFlow questionnaire were applied with four group of users (blind, color blind, low vision and no visual impairment) to evaluate the target audience experience with the obtained game. The results indicates that EduGameAccess-M can be effective in the design of an inclusive educational game for desktop and mobile devices.
Efeitos do monitoramento sobre a correspondência fazer-dizer em crianças em uma atividade acadêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-18)
Donaris, Douglas Fernandes
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Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5818282712526566
The line of research that investigates verbal correspondence seeks to analyze the relation between what a person says he has done or will do and what he actually did, as well as its control variables. The present study replicated and extended the experiment by Brino and Rose (2006) and aimed to evaluate the effect of monitoring, that is, the presence or absence of different social agents (adult and child) in children's self-reports on their performance in a reading task. Six children aged between nine and 10 years participated. “Doing” consisted of reading aloud a word that was presented on a computer screen and “saying” consisted of reporting, after hearing an automated computer feedback, whether the reading was correct or not. The procedure was composed by the following experimental conditions: A) Baseline (no monitor), which assessed the levels of correspondence in the absence of social agents and without contingent reinforcement to specific reports; B) Presence of the adult monitor, which investigated whether and to what extent the presence of an adult would affect the accuracy of self-reports, and C) Presence of the child monitor, which was similar to condition B, but the type of social agent who was present in the room during the task changed to a child who was close in age to the participants’. A reversal design (ABACA and ACABA) was used and the results were analyzed based on the percentage of correspondence of reports of errors and successes of the participants throughout the experimental conditions. The results showed that monitoring produced an increase in the correspondence levels of error reports for all participants. Monitoring proved to be a relevant variable in controlling the accuracy of verbal reports. The order of presentation of the two types of monitors did not appear to have any effect on the participants' correspondence levels. There was no difference in the correspondence patterns depending on the type of monitor.
Sensores nanoestruturados compostos por nanofibras de dióxido de titânio modificadas com polímeros condutores visando monitoramento de compostos orgânicos voláteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-18)
Conti, Patrick Pires
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298231643162699
The growth of urbanization and anthropogenic activities have been increasing the emission of polluting gases in the atmosphere. Considering the high toxicity of some of these gases, it becomes necessary to develop new sensors that allow the monitoring of gases with high sensitivity, low cost and selectivity. In this scenario, the use of chemical sensors has been proven to be an efficient strategy. Ceramic and polymeric materials have been widely explored by science and industry for the development of sensors, given their interesting electrical and optical properties. However, in order to optimize and improve the performance of these devices, hybrid materials have been studied due to the synergistic effect between the constituent phases. Thus, this project proposes the development of a electronic nose sensor based on hybrid platforms of ceramic nanomaterials and conductive polymers for the monitoring of VOCs. TiO2 particles were obtained through the sol-gel synthesis route and showed spherical morphology, crystalline anatase phase, without impurities and with an average diameter of 23 ± 10 nm. The TiO2 fibers were obtained using the electrospinning technique, which showed homogeneity in the distribution, diameter of 111 ± 16 nm and length of some micrometer. Through Transmission Electron Microscopy it was noted that coalesced and compacted nanoparticles constituted the fibers’ structures. Platforms based on TiO2 nanocomposites with different concentrations of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):sulfonated polystyrene (PEDOT: PSS), polypyrrole (PPY) and polystyrene sulfonated (PSS) were produced. Films of these nanocomposites were deposited on interdigitated electrodes to make the sensing units of the electronic nose, aiming at monitoring 600 ppm acetone, 600 ppm ethanol and 160 ppm formaldehyde, through impedance spectroscopy measurements. By analyzing the e-nose performance with the aid of PCA statistical tool, it is noticed the system performed well in discriminating analytes with data variance of 97.93%, thus indicating good performance of the electronic nose for monitoring VOCs.
Personagens em busca de identidade em Jaime Bunda e a morte do americano, de Pepetela
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-18)
Anjos, Fernando Serafim dos
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Valentim, Jorge Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427303771174064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428800570136785
This study has, as main intention, the analysis of the novel Jaime Bunda and the death of the American (2003), by the Angolan writer Pepetela. Through the study of the characters of the novel – considering the way the relationships of the characters are built with each other, with the surrounding space and with themselves – I will try to highlight the identity search present in the narrative, using the approach of theoretical concepts such as parody, irony and literary carnivalization. The search for an identity is a recurrent factor in the literature, an ideia that becomes more evident in countries marked by the process of colonization. In this sense, Angola has a latent relation with the effects left by the presence of Portuguese conquerors, since it has a colonial history and anticolonial struggle still very recent. It is well known that Portuguese-language African literatures have been marked by identity issues in contemporary times and, therefore, it is necessary to observe these questions, pondering the effects of European colonization on the African continent. In Jaime Bunda and the death of the American, Pepetela, through the protagonist of the novel, explains this identity search in the relationship with other Angolan characters and with the foreigners present in the plot, as well as with the city of Benguela and, similarly, with the own country, culminating, finally, with itself. In this way, it is possible to establish some analyzes that emphasize the idea that there is a constant search about identity that can bring light to the issue about being Angolan in post-coloniality. In order to substantiate the analyzes of this work, we will also observe the way how the author constructs the novel by the bias of irony and also from the literary carnavalization, considering the parodic feature of this novel.
Os mecanismos enunciativos de pessoa-espaço-tempo no texto biografia na perspectiva da teoria das operações enunciativas (TOE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-18)
Santos, Lidany Pereira dos
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Onofre, Marilia Blundi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3018203548557047
The present research work is based on the articulation between linguistics and the teaching-learning of languages and is based on the enunciative reflections, especially in the framework of the Theory of Enunciative Operations (TOE) proposed by the French researcher Antoine Culioli (1990) who understands that Linguistics has as object of study "the activity of language apprehended through the diversity of natural languages", that is, the linguist's task is to study the functioning of language as a significant activity of representation, or rather, as a production activity and recognition of linguistic forms. The analysis we propose, is based on the observation of linguistic occurrences present in texts of elementary school students, which are characterized by presenting enunciative mechanisms displaced in relation to the genre in question. These displacements may or may not compromise the text to a greater or lesser degree, and this question becomes a problem to be considered in the teaching-learning of language, regarding textual production, and respect for the characteristic marks of the enunciative instance established in a given discursive genre. Although many developments occur in this reflection, our research is limited to the identification of these cases of enunciative displacements and the confirmation that the game between stability and linguistic plasticity can constitute an indication for the work to be developed in the textual production exercise . As Franckel (1989) explains, one of the essential properties of language is to carry the traces of the operations that constitute it. In this way, the organization of the markers allows to reconstruct the chain of operations (of enunciative location, predication and determination, modalization, aspectuality, etc.) that are the origin of texts. The markers refer to operations rather than to stable values, that is, operations have a purely theoretical status, in that they are a representation of the agency of markers, which in turn, are the hallmark of mental operations performed in the situation of enunciation by enunciating subjects (origin enunciator and co-enunciator). Our corpus of research is composed by the written production of texts of students that are characterized by the text Biography. Regarding the analysis of the corpus, considering that the student produced the text Biography from the dialogue with the text Interview, we could observe that the text presented seeks to configure itself in a Biography, but, there are problems in relation to what is expected in fact of a biographical text. In addition, the student recognizes the enunciative games established between the two texts and reproduces them, although part of these games is recovered by the direct speech of the interviewee.
O material manipulável Algeblocks: uma proposta para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Camargo, Alex Sander Martins de
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7969134352531660
This work had the purpose of developing an educational product in the form of a teaching proposal for the algebra of high school grades. More specifically, to propose studies of algebraic content through the use of concrete manipulative material called Algeblocks. Given the theoretical and methodological support of the exploratory-investigative tasks proposed by João Pedro da Ponte and his collaborators, in addition to the figurative representations of Efraim Fischbein, four tasks were planned, involving the following contents: second degree function; concepts of regular polygons; resolution, analysis and discussion of linear systems with two equations and two variables using scaling; approach to prism concepts (surface area and volume) and Euler relationship. For each of the tasks, a possible resolution script was presented, articulated with the theoretical frameworks presented in this research. In terms of the potential of didactic material, we highlight that it is a relevant resource for the establishment of representation records, both geometric and algebraic; versatile for use in elementary and high school content. A reflection on the limitations of the material is that it does not guarantee the validity of mathematical statements in a mathematical investigation.
Efeitos de um programa de aconselhamento de atividade física para trabalhadores da atenção básica: um ensaio clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Bisetto, Leandro Augusto
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Mininel, Vivian Aline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4557060516800427
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Gomes, Grace Angélica de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231669265846900
Introduction: Although the benefits of physical activity (PA) are well-known, little is know about effects of PA interventions for health professionals of Primary Health Care. Aim: This study aims to analyze the effects of an intervention for behavior change on physical levels among primary health care workers in São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: Participants (58) were randomized in: i) Intervention Group (IG) (n=29) or ii) Control Group (GC) (n=29). The intervention provided 40-minutes of counseling for behavior change in PA once a week for one month as well as daily motivational messages by phone. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), long version. LifeStyle Profile Scale (PEVI) measured lifestyle levels. The groups answered the questionnaires at the end of the program (one month) and three months later (follow-up). Lifestyle and PA difference-means of the groups were compared by time (pre, post, and follow-up). As the estimated media for PEVI scores and AF minutes weekly between the baseline moments, powders and follow-up were compared using Generalized Estimation Equations. Results: A sample was made up of 100% women, with an average age of 46.8 (± 11.6) and 41.1 (± 7.0) for IG and CG, respectively. After an intervention and without a follow-up period, the IG increased more PA without leisure time when compared to the control group (p = 0.021). As variations in the general lifestyle, the detachment PA and total PA did not show statistically significant differences between the groups.Conclusion: The program was effective in increasing the level of PA.
Correlação do IDEB 2015 com os indicadores educacionais: a situação atual das unidades federativas do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Riscal, José Reinaldo
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6206723054358043
The present work continues the research developed in my master's degree, entitled Mapeamento Quantitativo dos Impactos da Gestão Democrática no Desempenho das Escolas Públicas no Ideb 2013. Since we observed that the vast majority of Federation Units have not been able to achieve the goals set by INEP for Elementary School II, it was decided to expand the master's project to identify which factors have the greatest impact on achieving the targets set to public schools. The objective of the doctorate project are: 1. to statistically determine the impact of educational indicators, profile characteristics of school principals and democratic management practices (in particular, the elaboration of the Pedagogical Political Project and the role of the School Councils in the administrative, fiscal and pedagogical dimensions) on the values of IDEB and on the fulfillment of the goals set by INEP for public schools, establishing the hierarchy of relative importance of these variables. 2. map the configurations of these variables in each of the Federation Units. To achieve these objectives, a documentary and statistical analysis were made with official indicators, from INEP (National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira), PDDE (Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola, from the Ministry of Education) and IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), referring to the year 2015. The study proved that the following variables: constant participation of the School Councils in the pedagogical, fiscal and administrative decisions of the school, the permanence of the school principal for a period of not less than five years in the same school, holding a postgraduate course by the principal (specialization, master's or doctorate), exclusive dedication to school management and being chosen through a selection process have a significant impact on IDEB's values: the Federation Units with greater proportions of public schools with these characteristics tend to perform better. All of them contribute to the fulfillment of the goals of the Initial Series, while the choice of the director through a selection process, holding a postgraduate course are those that have significant contribution to the fulfillment of the goals of the Final Series. However, the modeling also showed that the chance of achieving the targets is inversely proportional to the initial value of IDEB in 2005, which shows that the Federation Units that performed better in the first wave of the index were penalized with more aggressive targets.
Esterificação de glicerol com ácido benzoico sobre zeólitas H-ZSM-5 hierárquicas incorporadas com Zr ou Nb
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Macedo, Vinícius de
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9579932522162707
Acid zeolites are microporous aluminosilicates, which exhibit negative charged AlO4- tetrahedrons in its lattice balanced by protons (H+), generating Brønsted acid sites (BAS). The Lewis acidity of zeolites is commonly accepted as caused by the presence of extraframework Al species (Alef) and also by heteroatoms, such as Ti4+, Sn4+, Zr4+ or Nb5+ tetra-coordinated in its framework. The acidic sites of these heteroatoms are considered to be water tolerant. It has been shown that by adjusting the textural and acidic properties of H-ZSM-5 and H-mordenite zeolites by partially removing Si, Al and or by incorporating the aforementioned atoms, the activity of these catalysts in esterification reactions has been improved. In this context, it is proposed to use acid zeolites, modified by post-synthesis treatments of desilication and Zr or Nb incorporation, to be used in the direct esterification between glycerol and benzoic acid without the use of solvents for the synthesis of α-glycerol monobenzoate (α-MBG). The α-MBG is an important molecule used as a platform in the development of drugs such as carvedilol and propranolol. However, its synthesis is poorly studied, its formation is slow and it can be degraded in acidic media, which stimulates studies to improve its synthesis. So, this thesis presents the incorporation of different levels of Zr or Nb in desilicated ZSM-5 zeolites using the solid state incorporation approach. The results obtained in the XRD diffractograms of the incorporated zeolites identified the formation of the tetragonal phase of zirconia at high Zr contents and the pseudohexagonal phase of niobium in all Nb contents. The chemical mapping images obtained by EDX showed that at high Zr contents there was a high agglomeration of this atom, mainly at the edges of the zeolite crystals, while the Nb agglomerated forming particles. The bands of the DRIFTS spectra referring to the hydroxyl vibrations (νOH) of silanol groups showed an increase in intensity after desilication, indicating an increase in the population of these species. After incorporating Zr or Nb, these intensities decreased, indicating the formation of Si-O-Zr or Si-O-Nb bonds and effective incorporation of these atoms into the structure of zeolites. The DRIFTS obtained after adsorption/desorption of pyridine identified that the relationship between Lewis and Brønsted acid sites (LAS/BAS) of the incorporated zeolites decreased. However, only with samples incorporated with Zr, as the increase in its content, the LAS/BAS also increased. It was observed that the selectivity of the reaction using the zeolites was 100% to α-MBG and the sample desilicated by a concentration of 0.2 mol L-1 of NaOH incorporated with the maximum content of Zr reached the highest absolute yield registered of 350 µmol under the conditions used in this thesis.
Sumarização automática multidocumento multilíngue: seleção de conteúdo e tratamento da redundância com base em conhecimento léxico-conceitual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Camargo, Yasmin Vizeu
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Di Felippo, Ariani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5847705951379776
Multilingual Multi-document Summarization consists in automatically producing, from a collection of texts on the same topic and in different languages, a summary in one of the source languages. Thus, this task deals with the problems of Multi-document Summarization, such as the identification of relevant content and the treatment of redundancy, and with the multiplicity of source languages. For the production of multilingual summaries in Portuguese, CFUL is the method with the best performance. CFUL is extractive and thus it punctuates the source sentences in their original languages based on the simple frequency of their nominal concepts in the collection and it selects the best-ranked ones in Portuguese for the summary, avoiding redundancy based on word overlapping between them. In this work, the CFULHiper extractive method is proposed. It also selects content based on the simple frequency of the nominal concepts, but it additionally takes into account a differentiated score for the superordinate concepts that are in hierarchical relations with others in the collection. The method assumes that superordinate concepts convey generic information, which is relevant to compose informative summaries. Moreover, CFULHiper avoids redundancy based on concept overlapping, capturing sentence similarity in a more intelligent manner. To develop CFULHiper, we have selected the CM2News corpus, which consists of 20 bilingual collections (Portuguese and English) of news, whose nouns of the source texts were annotated with concepts from WordNet of Princeton. The corpus was extended with the inclusion of 10 new collections, resulting at the second version of CM2News. The CM2News 2.0 corpus was submitted to an automatic pre-processing. For each collection, we have performed: (ii) identification of the conceptual hierarquical relations across the source-texts, and (iii) calculation of the simple and cumulative frequencies of the nominal concepts. To calculate the accumulated frequency of a hyperonym x, the simple frequency of x is added to the simple frequency of its hyponyms. Then, we automatically applied CFULHiper to each collection of the corpus, producing 30 summaries in Portuguese with 70% compression. We have evaluated the linguistic quality (gramaticality, non-redundancy, referential clarity, focus and estructure/coherence) and the informativeness (ROUGE) of all summaires generated by CFULHiper. The informativeness of the CFULHiper extracts is slightly better, which indicates that more generic information is relevant for composing multilingual extracts. The conceptual overlap, however, had no impact on the treatment of redundancy. Since sentences selected exclusively from a single source-text no longer have much redundancy between themselves, and multi-document clusters tend to have few cases of synonymy and polysemy, the application of a lexical or conceptual overlap measure basically generates the same results for similarity identification.
Efeitos de distúrbios antrópicos na regeneração de plantas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Silva, Vanessa Mariano da
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4842185902515992
Human disturbances like habitat fragmentation, edge effects, biological invasions, selective logging and grazing often alter biotic and abiotic conditions, potentially affecting plant regeneration. However, there was no research synthesis evaluating how human disturbances affect germination and seedling survival and there is also scarce information about disturbance effects on plant regeneration in biomes such as the Atlantic Forest. We performed two global meta-analyses to evaluate human disturbance effects on seed germination and seedling survival and the influence of disturbance type, vegetation, species traits and phylogeny on species responses to disturbance. In addition, we conducted field experiments to compare microhabitat conditions, seed germination and seed removal of native plant species in the interior and edges of small Atlantic Forest fragments and areas under ecological restoration. Our results indicate an overall negative effect of human disturbance on seed germination, and biological invasion had the largest negative impact. Germination in savannas, shrublands and grasslands was negatively affected by disturbed conditions, as well as seedling emergence of non-tree species. On the other hand, human disturbance did not have a consistent effect on germination of forest species and trees. Dispersal syndrome and seed mass had no effect on species responses. According to our meta-analysis about seedling survival, species responses were highly heterogeneous and human disturbances had no overall effect on seedling survival. The variation in effect sizes was not related to any of the species traits, habitat characteristics or their interactions. Phylogenetic relationships between species did not bias the results in any of our meta-analysis. Our field experiments in an Atlantic Forest landscape in southeastern Brazil indicated that canopy cover and soil moisture differed among the interior of small forest fragments, edges, and restoration areas, with the latter presenting the lowest mean values. Seed germination rates were extremely low in all habitat types for all 13 species studied. Seed removal rates were over 45% of all added seeds and varied according to species and vertebrate exclusion treatment. Our main results suggest that human disturbances generally decrease seed germination, and non-trees from open physiognomies are probably the most susceptible group. Seedling survival responses to disturbance were hard to predict using niche-based approaches, indicating that stochasticity and variability at a microhabitat scale might be important sources of heterogeneity on seedling responses. Our field experiments corroborated the variation of abiotic conditions at a microhabitat scale and the constraints to seedling emergence and recruitment at small fragments and restoration areas. Therefore, conservation practices or restoration efforts focusing on early recruitment, such as direct sowing of seeds, should consider the amelioration of disturbed conditions to enhance the success of those initiatives.
Efeitos do canabidiol sobre comportamentos “tipo-compulsivo” em ratos: influências do sexo e do ciclo estral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-19)
Fabris, Débora dos Santos
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Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7060083823888759
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Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a severe and chronic psychopathology characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic actions (compulsions). The neurobiology of OCD is not fully understood, and important differences in terms of prevalence, severity, and symptomatology exist between men and women. In addition, a significant percentage of patients are resistant to available treatments. Recent studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of a non-psychotropic compound, the cannabidiol (CBD), in mental disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBD in “compulsive-like” behaviors in rats, considering the influences of sex and estrous cycle phase in females. For this, male and female Wistar rats received intraperitoneal administration of CBD in doses of 0,3, 3 or 30 mg/kg or vehicle and had their behavioral responses analyzed in the open-field, marble burying, nestlet shredding, and spontaneous alternation tests. CBD had no significant effects on the behaviors assessed in the present study. Regarding the estrous cycle, in the open-field test, females during late diestrus showed greater expression of self-grooming behavior when compared to females in proestrus. In general, the results obtained indicate that CBD does not seem to have important effects on the “compulsive-like” behaviors evaluated. The effects of CBD in reversing "compulsive-like" behaviors induced by other manipulations should expand our understanding of the therapeutic potential of this compound in OCD.