Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-03-20"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 10951

The role of fruit crop size, diversity of avian frugivores and long-term temporal variation over seed dispersal effectiveness in a neotropical savanna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Campagnoli, Mariana Lopes
;
Christianini, Alexander Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3362063541391455
Fruit crop size may be a key-trait for attracting an abundant and diverse assemblage of dispersers, possibly leading to positive outcomes for seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE). Temporal changes in resources or frugivore abundance can also influence SDE, but it is not yet clear how seed dispersal dynamics work when we consider broad time scales. Current scenarios are marked by increasing anthropogenic impacts leading to population decline and loss of frugivores (including key-dispersers), and thus it is fundamental for us to understand seed dispersal dynamics. We chose two abundant zoochoric plant species native from Cerrado, a Neotropical savanna hotspot, the sugar-rich Miconia rubiginosa and the lipid-rich Xylopia aromatica. We evaluated how fruit crop size affected the diversity of visitors, the quantity component of SDE (quantitative effectiveness), frequency of visits by specialist and generalist birds, and how diversity of visitors affected quantitative effectiveness (QE). Also, we compared QE provided by disperser assemblages (birds and ants) temporally separated by 15 years. We found that fruit crop size may have a role in attracting diverse assemblages of dispersers, with positive outcomes for QE. Also, seed dispersal services may be maintained over time by a core of species. There are also some fluctuations in seed dispersers contributions to QE over time, causing systems to vary in time in their vulnerability to species loss. Seed dispersal is a key ecosystem function for plant community diversity and regeneration, influencing the provision of ecosystem services. Accessing the factors influencing seed dispersal, as well as how seed dispersal systems vary along temporal scales, reveal how fragile dispersal systems could be, how problematic are population declines and species loss to plant regeneration and conservation, and how crucial it is to preserve this mutualism.
O papel do enriquecimento ambiental na preparação comportamental do papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea) (Aves, Psittacidae) para reintrodução no Parque Nacional das Araucárias, SC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Martins, Mariana Herminio Bressan
;
Kanaan, Vanessa Tavares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528482769975206
;
Silveira, Luís Fábio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5263574197578953
Brazil is the richest country of species for the Psittacidae family; however, due to the fragmentation and degradation of natural landscapes, coupled with illegal traffic, several species of this family present themselves at some level of threat, such as the vinaceous breasted parrot (Amazona vinacea). Since 2010, Instituto Espaço Silvestre has focused on reintroducing this specie, which was extinct in the area that currently houses the Araucárias National Park (PNA), in the state of Santa Catarina. Part of the success of reintroduction programs is due to the behavioral and physical conditions of the animals at the time of the release and after. The large majority of the individuals of these programs are from captivity, without precise information about age, past history etc. Offering opportunities for performance and development of natural behaviors in the rehabilitation period may increase individual’s survival rates after reintroduction. Our goal was to implement and evaluate the use of enrichments to enhance foraging and natural routine behaviors of vinaceous amazon parrots destined to reintroduction at PNA. The results indicated that the food enrichments used can be efficient in promoting podomandibulation, enabling the performance and balance of natural foraging behaviors. The podomandibulation time of araucária pine nuts increased after an enriched period. The parrots showed to be conditioned to routine training after fifty days (in total) of training, according to the time of the training. However, the animals did not stay overnight in the area designated as a dormitory, suggesting that further studies should be conducted to understand animal’s motivations in forming a communal roost. However, giving the possibility to demonstrate natural behaviors, and approaching the time budget of their wild conspecifics, contributes to the welfare of animals kept under human care.
Conexão com a natureza, percepção ambiental e práticas pedagógicas de professoras/es em escolas de Alta Floresta - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Santos, Clara Machado dos
;
Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9883471563832939
This research project is the result of a partnership between the Univesidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Instituto Ouro Verde (IOV), in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in the very north of the State of Mato Grosso, in the Arc of Deforestation, in which the following were researched: a Community School located in a peri-urban area that employs a mix of innovative pedagogical approaches and a State School located in a rural settlement that uses traditional pedagogy. The general objective of the study was to analyze the connection, environmental perception and the pedagogical practices of the teachers, in order to better understand the diversity of actions and views of the teachers regarding Environmental Education in the rural context. The methodological procedures were based on a qualitative approach, that were developed in stages in the approximation of the study context and fieldwork through observation of meetings, semi-structured interviews with ten teachers and use of field journals. In the data analysis and interpretation stage were used Iramuteq software (for textual corpus analysis) and ATLAS.ti software, which supported the analysis of thematic categorical content. The research process was conducted with full consideration of ethics. The results of the study show the teachers of both schools displayed interest in and a connection with nature, as well as a significant feeling of belonging and identity with the place they live. The State School was characterized as a rural school and the Community School as a countryside school. The countryside was identified as an environment of innumerable potentialities. The attitudes of the teachers of the State School stood out, particularly: questioning, reflection, a holistic view and concern regarding integrating the value of people of the countryside into classroom work. Were observed differences in environmental educational practices, insofar as the Community School values and enables permanent practices that are based on interaction with the community, through the involvement of families. The State School displayed particular practices in environmental education due to turnover of the teaching staff and discontinuity of practices, and the fragility in the process of planning, structuring and communicating the Political Pedagogical Project to the teaching staff. However, the State School teachers expressed interest in a transversal approach and a reflective and dialogical praxis. By bringing together the teachers' interests, research development and the state and municipality's involvement in promoting and maintaining public policies aimed at countryside education and the continued education of education professionals, a significant contribution can be made to local and regional sustainable development.
O uso de uma ferramenta para avaliação e monitoramento da fragilidade em idosos, segundo a percepção de profissionais da atenção primária: desafios e benefícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Generoso, Fernanda Karoline
;
Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4033741808832092
Since the 1960s, the Brazilian population has been experiencing a rapid process of aging, the frail elderly person is considered a priority for public health policies, it demands care, family and social support. The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between sociodemographic variables, health perception and social support with frailty in the elderly registered in the FHU and identify the perception of team members about a tool that assesses fragility. This is a study of method mixed, carried out in a city in the interior of São Paulo. The population consisted of seven community health agents and a health professional from three Health Units in the Family and results of evaluations of the elderly who make up the research database the largest to which this study was linked. The study used analytical procedures to examine relationships between variables related to frailty and health condition of the elderly and conducted data collection through semi-structured interviews, focus groups and analyzes documentary in medical records. All ethical procedures were respected. The results evaluated by means of Fried's frailty assessment indicated associations between age and frailty and negative correlation between frailty and assessed social support by the MOS instrument. The findings also demonstrate that assessments are not used for health professionals to identify frailty, but reports it was possible to identify the effectiveness of the computational tool and the importance of using of technologies in primary health care.
A mobilidade urbana de jovens em projetos sociais do complexo do alemão, no rio de janeiro, e suas relações com a terapia ocupacional social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Gonçalves, Monica Villaça
;
Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3567257146494236
Urban mobility, a physical displacement that occurs daily by people and groups in urban space, with significance related to the sociocultural context, is relevant because it represents evolving aspects of social relations in cities, demonstrating possibilities or restrictions of social life. This concept approaches occupational therapy because it is intrinsic to the everyday life of the individuals, object of study and locus of the action of the profession. Upon the question "How is the daily life of young favela dwellers, with regard to their mobility through different territories of the city?", this research presents as a general objective to understand and discuss the daily mobility of young dwellers of “Complexo de favelas do Alemão”, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Specific objectives are: (1) to understand, through the use of activities, the narratives of young people about their everyday lives, with emphasis on their urban mobility; (2) to analyze the aspects that interfere in their urban mobility and (3) to reflect on the relationships between urban youth mobility and professional practice in occupational therapy. Methodological procedure are based on the materialistic-historical dialectical approach. Data production took place from September to December 2018, in a Non-Governmental Organization located within “Complexo do Alemão”. Workshops were held with different themes, namely: one workshop to presentation, four workshop to constructing the "Youth City", three workshop to creating of a Manga and one workshop in a public event on Youths and Human Rights. In addition, we follow-up individually four young people to understand their narratives about urban mobility, at this moment we also applied activities with visual resources (such as maps, fanzine and photos), and we. Made specifically one individual and territorial follow-up. The workshops were understood, from the reference of social occupational therapy, as collective processes inserted in a historical and cultural moment. The results showed a restriction of urban mobility, such as young dwellers who have not been the beach of their city, for example. The following categories were emerged, related to the restriction of mobility: the place of residence, fear and issues of gender and sexual orientation. It is proposed in this thesis that the social occupational therapist, based on a political and social reading of the concept of urban mobility, can use in the evaluation process, in the elaboration of intervention strategies, in the objective of occupational therapy action and also as articulating and an active actor participant in the formulation of public policies. It is concluded that the urban mobility of young dwellers of that territory is restricted by the fact that the favela is the target of various stigmas related to who lives there, such as poverty and the social imaginary of criminals and/or ruffianly. The fear of unknown and violence, in addition to sexual orientation and gender identity, are intertwined with the question of being “favela dwellers”, influencing the possibilities and restrictions of urban mobility. This restriction, by symbolic and concrete aspects, impacts on the everyday life of these young people, restricting their repertoire of accessed activities and the used territories, and consequentially impacts on cultural capital and social participation. Social policies stood out as a possibility of expanding cultural and educational capital, which can lead to an enlargement of urban mobility and, perhaps, the social participation of young people.
Invasão do Cerrado pela Braquiária (Urochloa decumbens): impacto na predação de sementes e potencial de disseminação por formigas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Rebolo, Isabele Francisco
;
Christianini, Alexander Vicente
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0130447098744254
Biological invasions are a threat to native biodiversity. African grasses (such as brachiaria, Urochloa decumbens) are present in almost all Cerrado fragments, and is one one of the main challenges in the conservation of Cerrado. There is no information about the impacts of this invasive on seed predation in the Cerrado. Rodents, ants and birds are important agents of seed predation, and changes in vegetation cover can alter their abundance and foraging. It is known that U. decumbens accumulates hig biomass in the invaded areas, providing milder microclimate conditions, and it may serve as a shelter for seed removal agents, which could change seed predation rates. The spread of U. decumbens occurs by wind, vegetative propagation and the transit of animals and cars. It is not known if ants may disperse U. decumbens, and in this way, they would enhance the invasion. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand if the presence of U. decumbens changes native seed predation and U. decumbens seed, and if ants are helping to spread the invasive species. The experiments were done in fragments of Cerrado in Itu, Itirapina and Águas de Santa Barbara municipalities, during the summer. To test whether the presence of U. decumbens would alter seed predation, we performed exclusion experiments. To check if ants were acting as dispersers of the invasive grass, we performed tetrazolium tests on the seeds of U. decumbens sampled from ant nests. We found that invaded sites have less seed predation, which suggests that seed predation is probably not affecting natural regeneration in places invaded by U. decumbens. We verified that ants are acting as dispersers of the invader, transporting viable seeds to their nests, where there is probably higher chance for germination and seedling development in relation to the surroundings due to the accumulation of nutrients, and patrolling activity of ants in their nests.. Therefore, our results suggest an increase in complexity about what we know about the dynamics of U. decumbens invasions and suggests important information for the management and control of the invasive grass.
Normatização da arborização urbana: produção, conflitos e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20)
Caiche, Daniel Tonelli
;
Peres, Renata Bovo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1548750519260298
In recent years there has been an increase in the production of knowledge about the ecological, economic, cultural and social benefits of afforestation, which demonstrates the strength of the theme. However, to a lesser extent are studies dedicated to relating urban forest to the urbanization process and to the production of standards. The general objective of the thesis is to deepen the knowledge about the process of standardization of urban afforestation, considering its advances, contradictions, limitations, and conflicts. Complementarily, the objective is to understand the production of urban space and the influence on the standard production of urban forest in Brazilian cities; analyze the historical trajectory of the urban forest standards in São Carlos (SP), and verify compatibility and conflicts between urban and environmental standards in the elaboration of sidewalk tree projects in the studied municipality. For that, qualitative methods of interdisciplinary character, scientific essay, documentary analysis and project by scenarios were used. The results present theoretical and critical reflections that demonstrate that part of the problems of urban forest, in Brazilian cities, has roots in the marketing production of urban soil as well as in the incongruities of urban and environmental thinking materialized in the standards. Twenty-seven standards on urban forest of São Carlos were identified that demonstrate increased interest in the theme. However, breaks and gaps in the continuity of the formulation of standards were identified. Fifty front facade scenarios were produced for different types of urban plots, introducing different elements of urban infrastructure: 82% of the scenarios presented conflicts. When analyzing the lots of Social Interest Housing, 100% of the lots presented conflicts. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the construction of scientific, technical and political knowledge in the field of Brazilian Urban Forest. The process of producing cities is a social construction; to improve it, it is necessary to understand complex, systemic and interdependent relationships, identifying the conditions that support and condition them, in order to reflect and modify it.
Segurança alimentar e nutricional dos usuários dos restaurantes populares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-23)
Neves, Renata Siqueira Fonseca
;
Sampaio, Sueli Fatima
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3579156386708644
Cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative approach with the goal of evaluating (in) food and nutrition security of users of two popular restaurants in the city of São Carlos/SP. The data collection occurred in a random sample composed of 84 individuals, through the application of Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), of Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFA) and of a socioeconomic questionnaire and of health. The analysis of the results was made with descriptive statistical analyzes to each one of the variables related to the economical profile, of health and the situation of (in) food security found. Correlated to the population profile, with the situation of (in) food and nutrition security found and the household food pattern. The situation of (in) food security, on both popular restaurants presented users in food and nutritional unsafety. In regards of household food pattern, the major food consumption is the cereals/legume group and the fruits and greenery group. It concludes that, the knowledge and institutional implication together with the popular restaurants program proposal to the city of São Carlos/SP, has contributed to the food and nutritional security of users, both from the safety feeding access and balanced nutritionally at low price point of view, and the food supply by the local family farmers utilized to the preparation of the meals served, and positively influencing on the user’s food choices at home and this way covering all the aspects that embrace the assurance meaning of the food and nutritional security.
Obtenção de nanocelulose bacteriana de kombucha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-24)
Góes, Thaís Soares de
;
Menezes, Aparecido Junior de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483
;
Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089
In the last years, sustainable materials that provide less environmental impact are gaining special attention. In this context, cellulose, a natural and abundant polymer from several renewable vegetable and microbial sources, is being highlighted in related literature. Bacterial cellulose (BC) from microbial sources presents several advantageous properties as lignin and hemicellulose absence, high resistance to traction, elasticity, durability, and a high degree of crystallinity. Also, BC is biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible. A less explored source of BC includes Kombucha membranes (KM), a by-product of Kombucha's ancient beverage. KM are cellulosic pellicles derived from the fermentation of black or green tea broth. Thus, the main objective of this study was the production and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of BC obtained from Kombucha’s bacterial cellulose membranes (KBCM) based on the fermentation of green tea broth with added sucrose. We also aimed at the production of bacterial nanocellulose from Kombucha beverage (BNKB) via a hydrolytic reaction. KBCM was produced using a symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeast during the fermentation of green tea broth and sucrose inoculated with an initial KBCM solution and fermented at 35°C for 21 days. After, the KBCM solution was purified using distilled water and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). BKNB were extracted via KBCM acid hydrolysis with 64% sulfuric acid at 50°C, and reaction time variation, followed by dialysis processes until reach a neutral pH value. KBCM were analyzed before and after the purification process using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Suspensions containing BNKB were characterized by AFM only. KBCM before and after purification were characterized by the techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS), infrared absorption spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) and Diffraction X-ray (XRD). BNKB suspensions were characterized only by AFM. AFM and SEM analyzes revealed the morphology of the BNKB structures in long fibrous chains, which were clustered and interlaced. The relative intensities by XRD varied after the purification process, indicating a possible change in crystallinity. The presence of carbon and oxygen elements in KBCM before and after purification were also confirmed by EDS. Thus, it is concluded that through the mentioned characteristics and the BNKB morphology, they offer resistance in their cellulosic chains during the acid attack, which can be observed by the AFM images, due to the presence of curvatures in the KC nanofibrils, which by time it leverages it as a promising source of raw material for the production of new sustainable materials.
Reprodutibilidade da palpação unidigital e bidigital durante a avaliação da contração voluntária máxima do assoalho pélvico de mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias e validade de construto com a manometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Silva, Jordana Barbosa da
;
Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229
;
Driusso, Patricia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
Introduction. Vaginal palpation and manometry are methods used to evaluate pelvic floor musculature (PFM). Through assessment, the physical therapist elaborate the diagnosis and treatment plan, identify possible muscle changes that may predispose PFM dysfunctions and monitors the results of treatment programs. Aims. The objectives of this study were: (1) To evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation during PFM function by assessment of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC); (2) To analyze the construct's validity between vaginal palpation and manometry. Methods. This is a reliability study conducted according Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). 120 women aged between 18 and 80 years participated and were allocated in three groups according to age (G1: 18–35; G2: 36–59; G3: ≥60 years). Three evaluators were responsible for data collection. Examiner A conducted an interview with the participants eligible for the study, by completing a semi-structured questionnaire to analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; and the Pelvic Floor Disability Index-20 (PFDI-20) to assess the presence of PFM dysfunctions. Then, Examiner A randomized the order of the physical assessment that were performed by Examiners B and C; and the order of vaginal palpation, performed by both examiners, and in two ways: unidigital and bidigital. From 7 to 10 days after the first assessment, Examiner B repeated the uni and bidigital palpation and performed the assessment of PFM function with Peritron manometer (Cardio Design Pty Ltd, Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21.0. The reliability of vaginal palpation was analyzed using Cohen's weighted linear kappa test (κw) (0.00–0.20= none to mild; 0.21-0.40=regular; 0.41-0.60=moderate; 0.61-0.80=substantial; and 0.81-1.00= almost perfect) and the construct validity was analyzed using Spearman's correlation test for nonparametric data (0.00–0, 30=little; 0.30-0.50=poor; 0.50-0.70=moderate; 0.70-0.90=high; 0.90-1.00=very high), with significance level 5%. Results. The intra-rater reliability of uni- and bidigital palpation was κw=0.75 and κw=0.58 in G1; κw=0.59 and κw=0.73 in G2; and κw= 0.79 and κw=0.86 in G3, respectively. The inter-rater reliability of unidigital and bidigital palpation was κw=0.52 and κw=0.48 in G1; κw=0.47 and κw=0.52 in G2; and κw=0.50 and κw=0.64 in G3, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients were significant (rs=0.79 and rs=0.80) for unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation, respectively. Conclusion. Unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation are indicate to evaluate women between 18 to 59 years old, but bidigital palpation seems more reproducible in women aged 60 or more when two examiners performed the evaluation. During measurements performed by a single examiner, unidigital palpation is more reproducible in women between 18 to 35 years old, while bidigital palpation is more reproducible in women over 35 years old. Both uni- and bidigital palpation have high measures of validity.
Proposta de atividades para auxiliar o ensino de Matemática utilizando conceitos de Pensamento Computacional e robô programável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Padua, Yuri Souza
;
Felipussi, Siovani Cintra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2119337662024862
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3510008395772970
The country's education is central topic of many discussions due to the complexity associated with its multiple variables.The Programme for International Student Assessment - PISA - is one of the most relevant indicators, in which Brazil has not achieved good ranking especially when compared to South America countries. Among the weaknesses of the Brazilian educational structure, there is the need to insert more technology, such as robotics, programming and/or Computational Thinking as regular disciplinary content. However, the recently enacted Common National Curricular Base (BNCC in portuguese) - does not recognize these subjects as regular and / or essential in basic education, except for some aspects of Computational Thinking - CT. On the other hand, several countries in which technology integrates the curriculum, are among the best ranked in the same exams and, although these subjects are not predominantly responsible for superior performance, it is a motivating approach due to its adherence of these contents to demands of Science and everyday life. Considering the context presented above, this master's thesis aims to collaborate with suggestions for incorporating the CT and Educational Robotics in regular subjects for elementary school 1, taking into account several authors recommendations of interdisciplinarity between the CT and the regular subjects of basic education in the real environment, devoting more attention to the participants and the methodological approach rather than the technologies used. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to propose, teach and evaluate activities-classes that contribute to teaching of Mathematics and Computational Thinking in regular classes and using a programmable robot. The methodology used in the research was a qualitative and quantitative multiple-case study, being the first pilot-case with 3 classes from a public school with approximately 36h of classes, in which were collected data of the participants, LOGs of the algorithms and their opinions about classes using emoti-SAM and with approximately 80\% positive considerations. Similarly, in the second case study, 90h of classes were given to 91 children, totaling approximately 1,100 records collected with emoti-SAM, 23h of interviews, LOGs of the algorithms, pre/post-test and also the opinion of the participating teachers. Finally, the 18 Lesson Plans proposed, already taught in schools and evaluated in this master's degree are made available in this thesis. The main goal of this research is to contribute to discussions on unusual ways of approaching regular disciplines under the context of computational thinking and educational robotics.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes poliméricos de amido de milho com incorporação de fibras de bagaço de cevada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Castanho, Maria Natalia
;
Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2807864150195202
Interest in the use of starch for biodegradable films is growing due to being a natural, renewable, abundant and low cost source. However, starch films generally have low values of mechanical properties. Thus, this work uses barley bagasse, a residue from the brewing industry, as a reinforcement option for corn starch films, maintaining the biodegradability property. For this purpose, starch films were developed with incorporation of 1 to 5% of barley bagasse fibers in three different particle sizes (35, 60 and 100 mesh). To obtain the films was used a microwave apparatus for heating and, subsequently, cast by casting. Mechanical tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in fractured samples, dynamic mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative (DTG), differential exploratory calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), contact angle, biodegradation and toxicity tests were performed. In the tensile tests, the best results were for the films containing 2.5% barley with 35 mesh grain size and the film containing 1% barley with 100 mesh grain size, with tensile strength of 0.94 and 0.88 MPa and deformation 14,13 and 23.54%, when compared with barley film without added barley. DMTA analyzes determined the glass transition temperature of the films at approximately -46.7°C (± 1.8°C). Thermal analysis revealed that the addition of barley bagasse affected the thermal stability of the films. The contact angle test revealed hydrophilic character for the films. For the films used in the biodegradation test it was possible to observe higher CO2 emissions for the films containing barley, due to the higher carbon presence in these films.
Sustainable synthesis of ciclopentene derivatives through multicomponent reactions in continuous flow regime
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Broterson, Yoisel Bueno
;
Paixão, Márcio Weber
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5588787534722285
Sustainable chemistry has gained relevance in recent years, not only in the fine chemical industry, but also in organic synthesis. This new conception of chemistry allows the development of environmentally friendly processes, by minimizing waste generation as well as in reducing the handling of hazardous chemical reagents. However, this approach encourages the use of "sustainable or green" substrates and solvents. In this context, the use of continuous flow has been extended at an exponential rate in organic synthesis, due to the various applications to the synthesis of derivatives of natural products of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In order to contribute in the area, this project aimed to develop a new stereoselective methodology for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted cyclopentenes through sustainable approach. Combination of organocatalysis and multicomponent reactions as synthesis tools was chosen. Both methodologies allowed the use of green solvents, as well as the incorporation of continuous flow techniques in the substitution of batch methods. The multicomponent stage represented significant advances in the development of a more sustainable methodology. Finally, the designed methodology can be considered as a sustainable protocol for the synthesis of analogues of natural products, enantiomerically enriched, quick and efficiently.
Generalização recombinativa de leitura sob contingências individuais e de grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Silva, Thays Nogueira da
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7243863545703049
Group contingencies can be present in many situations. In teaching situations, they are planned in such a way that reinforcing consequences depend on the combined performance of the participants. This arrangement has been used to promote the learning of different skills in the school context. However, studies generally evaluate the same set of responses, making it necessary to investigate whether, and how, group contingencies affect the generalization and the emergence of new skills. An investigation strategy consists of applying teaching procedures based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm, which favor the learning of a set of directly taught relations and the emergence of new relations, derived from those taught. This study aims to employ group contingencies in the application of a program for teaching relations between stimuli and between stimuli and responses that characterize the repertoires of reading and writing. This program (ALEPP) has been extensively evaluated and promotes high levels of learning relations between spoken words, printed words and pictures, and the emergence of new (equivalence) relations between these same stimuli. A by-product, which does not necessarily result from the learning of relations, but from the possibility of abstraction of subunits (textual and sonorous) that are repeated in the constitution of the words taught, is the emergence of recombinative generalization, that is, the reading of new words that include sequences different from those subunits. The ALEPP program offers a controlled situation under which the effect of group contingencies was assessed. 18 elementary school students with learning difficulties participated, aged between eight and 12 years, with low rates of writing and varying degrees of correct reading (10% to 50%). Participants were divided into six groups of three students each, so each group brought together children with different levels of reading who could help each other. Half of the children performed the activities together, but the consequences (tokens) were presented according to individual performance, in a Individual Behavior-Dependent Contingency (CDI) system. The other half performed the same activities, but the rewards of each student depended on the behavior of all members of the group, characterizing a Group Dependent Contingency (CDG). In the CDI group, each student obtained (or not) tokens, depending on their own successes; at CDG, obtaining tokens depended on the number of correct answers from all members of the group. Tokens were exchanged for preferred items at the end of the session. Data analysis verified the effects of individual and group contingencies on social interaction and performance in the reading program: percentage of correct answers in the emergency and recombinative generalization. The procedures were conducted according to a group design with pre and post-test for the overall results, but also followed a multiple baseline design between teaching steps to analyze individual behaviors. The results showed that some participants learned to read the words directly taught and showed recombinative generalization (reading novel words), therefore replicating the results of previous studies in which students worked individually. However, in each trio, only one of the participants acquired the target repertoires, while the other two participants reached very low levels of reading. In conclusion, the application of the teaching program ALEPP under group contingencies did not guarantee the necessary conditions for all participants to benefit from the programmed teaching activities.
A relação entre inteligência emocional e mindfulness em estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Costa, Islana Ferreira
;
Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1017310334038752
Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Mindfulness have been widely studied in recent years. EI involves cognitive skills of emotions, while Mindfulness works awareness of the present moment and what is being lived. Mindfulness has been related to the improvement of information within the individual, such as emotion, so studies have been done to prove this association. Thus, the goal of this research was to contribute with more data about the relationship between EI and Mindfulness, taking as a sample the Brazilian population. 129 individuals of both sexes participated in the study (Women N = 101, 78.3%; Men N = 28, 21.7%) aged between 18 and 68 years (M = 26.82; SD = 11,746, Md = 21), students from two different universities from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants answered three assessment instruments: the FFMQ-BR - Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; ICE 3.0 - Emotional Skills Inventory; and BIE - Emotional Intelligence Assessment Battery, as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed that gender did not affect the level of EI or Mindfulness, but the age group did, and older participants had higher scores for both phenomena. The relationship between the two constructs is significant, positive and moderate considering the self-report EI, but only a few significant correlations were observed for performance EI. Furthermore, a Regression Analysis was made and it showed that the facets Observation, Description and Non-Reactivity, of Mindfulness, were predictors of self-report EI. The facet Act with Awareness, of Mindfulness, and Age were predictors of performance EI.
Dinâmica climática e comportamento térmico em distintas local climate zones em uma cidade tropical costeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-25)
Pereira, Camila Tavares
;
Masiero, Érico
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
;
Bourscheidt, Vandoir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8224261649535795
In recent decades, recognizing the harmful effects of urbanization on human health, numerous studies have been carried out in tropical and subtropical cities, mainly regarding Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and thermal comfort. In addition, advances in the field of applied urban climatology were made using the methodology developed by Stewart and Oke (2012), based on the classification of the environment in Local Climate Zones (LCZ). In this perspective, this thesis aimed to evaluate the dynamics and thermal behavior that different LCZs, conditioned by physical, social, and economic aspects, have on the formation and alteration of the microclimate in the city of Santos (São Paulo). For this, several methods and tools were adopted in order to produce relevant information about the city's climate. In this way, three main approaches were analyzed and discussed on the present thesis: the UHI seasonality in LCZs; the influence of different urban spaces on the surface and mean radiant temperature; and thermal comfort in different LCZs. The seasonal variability of the UHI was analyzed based on the collection of climatic data during summer and winter under "ideal weather conditions". The results showed two thermal behaviors distinct from the UHI in the LCZs. During the night time, maximum UHI values were observed in the compact high-rise building (HRB), while in the daytime, higher UHI magnitudes were observed in the compact low-rise (CLR2), both showing the influence of the sky view factor and vegetation in the UHI. Regarding the second approach, in order to observe the influence of urban morphologies on the mean radiant temperature and on the surface temperature, two methodologies were used: calculation of the surface temperature and simulations of the urban model. The first was obtained through the Land Surface Temperature plugin (QGIS - v2.8.9), and the second from The Solar LongWave Environmental Irrandiance Geometry model (SOLWEIG, v2019a - QGIS). In both analyzes, the contribution of vegetation and the shading of buildings were evident in the reduction of the mean radiant temperature and in the surface temperature. In the third approach, HRB and CLR2 were chosen for the analysis of thermal comfort, using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), calculated through SOLWEIG. Thus, the socio-spatial distinction of LCZs formed from the valuation of spaces was evident, mainly due to the tourism market, which influences the urban infrastructure available in each area until today. These spaces were decisive for the levels of thermal comfort observed during summer and winter in the two LCZs. Thus, the results showed the critical situation of thermal stress of CLR2 citizens, especially during the summer. In such a way, the thesis advanced both in the theoretical enrichment of the urban climate of a tropical coastal city and in the question of planning, when discussing the variables that may contribute to the environmental quality of each LCZ.
Biossíntese de nanopartículas de ouro por Paenibacillus polymyxa e Paenibacillus terrae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Carvalho, Carina Miranda
;
Kurachi, Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194007981724312
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0965679818809044
In order to synthetize gold nanoparticles utilizing a green process, this work intended to produce nanoparticles using bacterial crude extract. Paenibacillus polymyxa (PP) and P. terrae (PT) have biotechnological interest in medical field, and some studies have been showing the potential of endophytic microorganisms in the production of antitumoral and antibacterial substances. Nanoparticles biosynthetic techniques are no toxic and clean when compared to traditional ones, where there is intensive energy consumption and sometimes may involve toxic chemical substances. Metallic nanoparticles have important applications in medical field, specially the gold ones. Through the nanoparticles biosynthesis using P. polymyxa and P. terrae, the process was optimized considering the synthesis time, the extract concentration, the wavelength and the particle size. The experiment was divided into phases where the best focus (1, 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 8 and 1:16) was analyzed, observing through UV-Vis spectroscopy (without visible ultraviolate) at 540 nm the best absorption of light (how much) in relation to time and over 72 hours in a 12-hour interval. As the best indicators were 1: 2 and 1: 4, for both phyto-bacterial extracts and 12 to 24 hours as the best periods. The next phase was analyzed hourly for 24 hours, with the values 1: 2 and 1: 4, for (in relation to) light absorption at 540 nm and in the spectral range of 300 to 800 nm, demonstrating a statistic of gold nanoparticle for 1: 2 dilution, whose peak at around 540 nm, and as of 7 am are already described. Based on the results of the characterization by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering - Dynamic Light Scattering) and absorbance, such as gold nanoparticles synthesized through crude extractions PP 1: 2 and PT 1: 2 were as obtaining better results, obtaining the average level of 262 nm and 372 nm, respectively, in monodispersed systems, with the following analyzes (occurrences) after 7 hours of biosynthesis reaction, obtaining greater results between 12 and 24 hours. The main absorption was detected at the red spectral range.
Influência da morfologia e do cisalhamento na produção de enzimas celulolíticas por Aspergillus niger
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Buffo, Mariane Molina
;
Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
Issues related to sustainability and development of renewable and less polluting processes are increasingly in evidence, due to the various environmental crises and a greater concern with the scarcity of non-renewable resources, such as oil. Therefore, a bio-based world economy is emerging in response to the global and environmental challenges. An example of a bio-based product are cellulolytic enzymes. This enzymes are produced mainly by filamentous fungi Trichoderma and Aspergillus. Such enzymes are important in several industrial sectors, how for example in the production of second generation ethanol, another important product of biological basis, renewable and environmentally friendly since it uses agro-industrial waste in its manufacture. However, one of the bottlenecks in the production of second generation ethanol, which makes it still uncompetitive compared to first generation ethanol and petrol oil, is the high cost of cellulolytic enzymes. The present thesis studied two important variables related to the production of cellulolytic enzymes, cell morphology and shear conditions, in an attempt to improve the production of cellulite enzymes by A.niger in bioreactors. The shear suffered by A.niger was quantified through the fragmentation suffered by the microorganism’s pellets in different bioreactors, impellers and operating conditions. Through image analysis and measurements of the average diameter of the pellets over time it was possible to propose a kinetics for the pellet fragmentation. The fragmentation of the pellets was mainly dependent on the type of bioreactor and the agitation speed. The airlift bioreactor was less harmful to the microorganism and higher agitation speeds took to more abrupt fragmentation. The shear kinetic parameters were directly related to the production of cellulolytic enzymes, with lower shear conditions favoring the production of endoglucanase and more intense conditions producing β-glucosidase. Regarding with the morphology, a technique of concomitant change of pH and spore concentration in the inoculum was successfully used to obtain different morphologies of A. niger, since larger pellets to almost completely dispersed morphology. Such morphological change was quantified through a proposed morphological parameter, which considered the frequency of each morphological class and a form factor that represents a characteristic dimension of each morphological form. The measures were possible through image treatment of the filamentous fungi, the images were obtained under a microscope and stereoscope using specific software to be treats. Inoculums with morphologies of pellets, clumps and dispersed were then tested in the production of cellulolytic enzymes, and a greater production of endoglucanase was obtained with inoculum in the pelletized form, value approximately three times higher when compared to dispersed morphology, for shaker results. In oposite a greater production of β-glucosidase was obtained with inoculum in the dispersed form, this value is four times higher in the flask assays and 160% higher in the bioreactors.Such results show the importance of the shear and morphology variables in the production of cellulolytic enzymes by A. niger and how such influences may be different, depending on the metabolite under study.
Poéticas aprop(r)iadas: formas de reescritura y traducción en la obra de Héctor Hernández Montecinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Omaña, Jesús Alexander Montoya
;
Alves-Bezerra, Wilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602719736498812
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-595X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0421542157262461
Héctor Hernández Montecinos (1979), is an author belonging to the generation called Novísimos poetas chilenos, who has reiteratedly practiced appropriation as a technique, especially in his book Debajo de la Lengua (2009), which contains more than 250 rewrites of Latin American authors. This dissertation aims to review the poetic work of Hernández Montecinos from the analysis of appropriation as rewriting and translation. For this purpose, in the first chapter, we investigate the concept of appropriation as a category that concerns multifaceted processes carried out in the poetry of the 21st century through a space proposed since the 20th century. We determined it when studying the poetics of Hernández Montecinos in Debajo de la Lengua (2009) as a set of relations that this poetics executes with those who appropriates, noticing its function through a contextual selection in which rewrites and co-autoreal procedures are created for the elaboration of an archive of Latin American poetry sources. In the second chapter, we examine the rewrites that Héctor Hernández Montecinos made through the appropriation of the book-object La poesía chilena (1978) by Juan Luis Martínez, which are found in the section "] lapoesíachilenasoyyo [" of [comma] in La Divina Revelación (2011), specifically those elaborated to the books Poema de Chile (1967), by Gabriela Mistral, and U (1926), by Pablo de Rokha. In this sense, we analyze the book-object of study of Juan Luis Martínez as a potential embryo for the appropriation poetics of Héctor Hernández Montecinos and its interference as a dialogue in a selection replica for the creation of modified utopias in the rewrites of Gabriela Mistral and Pablo de Rokha. Finally, in the third and final chapter, we study the translation made by Héctor Hernández Montecinos of the shamanic manifests of the Brazilian poet Roberto Piva: “Manifesto utópico-ecológico em defesa da poesia e do delírio” (1983), “Manifesto da selva mais próxima”(1984),“O século XXI me dará razão (se tudo não explodir antes)”(1984), in one of the sections of Debajo de la Lengua (2009), where it fictionalizes a language called “mutant portuñol ”, to which we investigated in the manifesto as a prolonged discursive genre from the avant-garde and its exploration as a hybrid and utopian language in the 21st century.
“O trabalho aqui é igual cantiga de passarinho: de segunda a segunda” - mulheres na produção do bolo de arroz em Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-26)
Silva, Regiane Caldeira da
;
Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208435983286140
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9368992366687268
Through using food as a way of reading and understanding diferent angles of society, the rice cake was selected. From the point of view of production, this research has revealed that the rice cake, a typical dish of Mato Grosso State is often a work carried out by women. Rice and cassava make up the material base of the cake. Other ingredients are added depending on the knowledge and taste of those who produce it. Memory, orality and tradition make up its immaterial basis. The purpose of this study was to explore aspects that go beyond the popularity and glamor of rice cake as a typical dish of Mato Grosso State and sought to identify individuals, translate actions, meanings and relationships, often invisible, that intertwine in the construction of this identity element and the very life. Through interviews, observations, photographic records, bibliographic research and online media, there were found to be many diverse methods in which the rice cake is produced within this region. Production is driven by various motivations, the most significant being family economics. The knowledge, highlighted in the case studies, is traditionally shared among women. With such a wide range of traditions and practises, each producer adopts their own specific form of production, tempering the delicacy with its own history, knowledge, memories, beliefs, and interests, making it unique. This know-how continues to be passed on, especially through orality tradition. Other methods of sharing, however, are gaining momentum, especially with the advent of social media and other online platforms. This study has presented a way in which to identify and understand the more diverse styles of living which are not always revealed to the untrained eye. The difficult and often undervalued nature of this work, as highlighted in this study, shows how the rice cake provides opportunities to identify very ordinary people in everyday life and allows you to visualise that meaning, from a different perspective. These daily activities reveal the basic building blocks of society, as expected.