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O papel do enriquecimento ambiental na preparação comportamental do papagaio-de-peito-roxo (Amazona vinacea) (Aves, Psittacidae) para reintrodução no Parque Nacional das Araucárias, SC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20) Martins, Mariana Herminio Bressan; Kanaan, Vanessa Tavares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528482769975206; Silveira, Luís Fábio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5263574197578953; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5546693705010126
Brazil is the richest country of species for the Psittacidae family; however, due to the fragmentation and degradation of natural landscapes, coupled with illegal traffic, several species of this family present themselves at some level of threat, such as the vinaceous breasted parrot (Amazona vinacea). Since 2010, Instituto Espaço Silvestre has focused on reintroducing this specie, which was extinct in the area that currently houses the Araucárias National Park (PNA), in the state of Santa Catarina. Part of the success of reintroduction programs is due to the behavioral and physical conditions of the animals at the time of the release and after. The large majority of the individuals of these programs are from captivity, without precise information about age, past history etc. Offering opportunities for performance and development of natural behaviors in the rehabilitation period may increase individual’s survival rates after reintroduction. Our goal was to implement and evaluate the use of enrichments to enhance foraging and natural routine behaviors of vinaceous amazon parrots destined to reintroduction at PNA. The results indicated that the food enrichments used can be efficient in promoting podomandibulation, enabling the performance and balance of natural foraging behaviors. The podomandibulation time of araucária pine nuts increased after an enriched period. The parrots showed to be conditioned to routine training after fifty days (in total) of training, according to the time of the training. However, the animals did not stay overnight in the area designated as a dormitory, suggesting that further studies should be conducted to understand animal’s motivations in forming a communal roost. However, giving the possibility to demonstrate natural behaviors, and approaching the time budget of their wild conspecifics, contributes to the welfare of animals kept under human care.
The role of fruit crop size, diversity of avian frugivores and long-term temporal variation over seed dispersal effectiveness in a neotropical savanna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20) Campagnoli, Mariana Lopes; Christianini, Alexander Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3362063541391455
Fruit crop size may be a key-trait for attracting an abundant and diverse assemblage of dispersers, possibly leading to positive outcomes for seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE). Temporal changes in resources or frugivore abundance can also influence SDE, but it is not yet clear how seed dispersal dynamics work when we consider broad time scales. Current scenarios are marked by increasing anthropogenic impacts leading to population decline and loss of frugivores (including key-dispersers), and thus it is fundamental for us to understand seed dispersal dynamics. We chose two abundant zoochoric plant species native from Cerrado, a Neotropical savanna hotspot, the sugar-rich Miconia rubiginosa and the lipid-rich Xylopia aromatica. We evaluated how fruit crop size affected the diversity of visitors, the quantity component of SDE (quantitative effectiveness), frequency of visits by specialist and generalist birds, and how diversity of visitors affected quantitative effectiveness (QE). Also, we compared QE provided by disperser assemblages (birds and ants) temporally separated by 15 years. We found that fruit crop size may have a role in attracting diverse assemblages of dispersers, with positive outcomes for QE. Also, seed dispersal services may be maintained over time by a core of species. There are also some fluctuations in seed dispersers contributions to QE over time, causing systems to vary in time in their vulnerability to species loss. Seed dispersal is a key ecosystem function for plant community diversity and regeneration, influencing the provision of ecosystem services. Accessing the factors influencing seed dispersal, as well as how seed dispersal systems vary along temporal scales, reveal how fragile dispersal systems could be, how problematic are population declines and species loss to plant regeneration and conservation, and how crucial it is to preserve this mutualism.
Conexão com a natureza, percepção ambiental e práticas pedagógicas de professoras/es em escolas de Alta Floresta - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20) Santos, Clara Machado dos; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9883471563832939
This research project is the result of a partnership between the Univesidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Instituto Ouro Verde (IOV), in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in the very north of the State of Mato Grosso, in the Arc of Deforestation, in which the following were researched: a Community School located in a peri-urban area that employs a mix of innovative pedagogical approaches and a State School located in a rural settlement that uses traditional pedagogy. The general objective of the study was to analyze the connection, environmental perception and the pedagogical practices of the teachers, in order to better understand the diversity of actions and views of the teachers regarding Environmental Education in the rural context. The methodological procedures were based on a qualitative approach, that were developed in stages in the approximation of the study context and fieldwork through observation of meetings, semi-structured interviews with ten teachers and use of field journals. In the data analysis and interpretation stage were used Iramuteq software (for textual corpus analysis) and ATLAS.ti software, which supported the analysis of thematic categorical content. The research process was conducted with full consideration of ethics. The results of the study show the teachers of both schools displayed interest in and a connection with nature, as well as a significant feeling of belonging and identity with the place they live. The State School was characterized as a rural school and the Community School as a countryside school. The countryside was identified as an environment of innumerable potentialities. The attitudes of the teachers of the State School stood out, particularly: questioning, reflection, a holistic view and concern regarding integrating the value of people of the countryside into classroom work. Were observed differences in environmental educational practices, insofar as the Community School values and enables permanent practices that are based on interaction with the community, through the involvement of families. The State School displayed particular practices in environmental education due to turnover of the teaching staff and discontinuity of practices, and the fragility in the process of planning, structuring and communicating the Political Pedagogical Project to the teaching staff. However, the State School teachers expressed interest in a transversal approach and a reflective and dialogical praxis. By bringing together the teachers' interests, research development and the state and municipality's involvement in promoting and maintaining public policies aimed at countryside education and the continued education of education professionals, a significant contribution can be made to local and regional sustainable development.
O uso de uma ferramenta para avaliação e monitoramento da fragilidade em idosos, segundo a percepção de profissionais da atenção primária: desafios e benefícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20) Generoso, Fernanda Karoline; Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4033741808832092
Since the 1960s, the Brazilian population has been experiencing a rapid process of aging, the frail elderly person is considered a priority for public health policies, it demands care, family and social support. The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between sociodemographic variables, health perception and social support with frailty in the elderly registered in the FHU and identify the perception of team members about a tool that assesses fragility. This is a study of method mixed, carried out in a city in the interior of São Paulo. The population consisted of seven community health agents and a health professional from three Health Units in the Family and results of evaluations of the elderly who make up the research database the largest to which this study was linked. The study used analytical procedures to examine relationships between variables related to frailty and health condition of the elderly and conducted data collection through semi-structured interviews, focus groups and analyzes documentary in medical records. All ethical procedures were respected. The results evaluated by means of Fried's frailty assessment indicated associations between age and frailty and negative correlation between frailty and assessed social support by the MOS instrument. The findings also demonstrate that assessments are not used for health professionals to identify frailty, but reports it was possible to identify the effectiveness of the computational tool and the importance of using of technologies in primary health care.
A mobilidade urbana de jovens em projetos sociais do complexo do alemão, no rio de janeiro, e suas relações com a terapia ocupacional social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20) Gonçalves, Monica Villaça; Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3567257146494236
Urban mobility, a physical displacement that occurs daily by people and groups in urban space, with significance related to the sociocultural context, is relevant because it represents evolving aspects of social relations in cities, demonstrating possibilities or restrictions of social life. This concept approaches occupational therapy because it is intrinsic to the everyday life of the individuals, object of study and locus of the action of the profession. Upon the question "How is the daily life of young favela dwellers, with regard to their mobility through different territories of the city?", this research presents as a general objective to understand and discuss the daily mobility of young dwellers of “Complexo de favelas do Alemão”, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Specific objectives are: (1) to understand, through the use of activities, the narratives of young people about their everyday lives, with emphasis on their urban mobility; (2) to analyze the aspects that interfere in their urban mobility and (3) to reflect on the relationships between urban youth mobility and professional practice in occupational therapy. Methodological procedure are based on the materialistic-historical dialectical approach. Data production took place from September to December 2018, in a Non-Governmental Organization located within “Complexo do Alemão”. Workshops were held with different themes, namely: one workshop to presentation, four workshop to constructing the "Youth City", three workshop to creating of a Manga and one workshop in a public event on Youths and Human Rights. In addition, we follow-up individually four young people to understand their narratives about urban mobility, at this moment we also applied activities with visual resources (such as maps, fanzine and photos), and we. Made specifically one individual and territorial follow-up. The workshops were understood, from the reference of social occupational therapy, as collective processes inserted in a historical and cultural moment. The results showed a restriction of urban mobility, such as young dwellers who have not been the beach of their city, for example. The following categories were emerged, related to the restriction of mobility: the place of residence, fear and issues of gender and sexual orientation. It is proposed in this thesis that the social occupational therapist, based on a political and social reading of the concept of urban mobility, can use in the evaluation process, in the elaboration of intervention strategies, in the objective of occupational therapy action and also as articulating and an active actor participant in the formulation of public policies. It is concluded that the urban mobility of young dwellers of that territory is restricted by the fact that the favela is the target of various stigmas related to who lives there, such as poverty and the social imaginary of criminals and/or ruffianly. The fear of unknown and violence, in addition to sexual orientation and gender identity, are intertwined with the question of being “favela dwellers”, influencing the possibilities and restrictions of urban mobility. This restriction, by symbolic and concrete aspects, impacts on the everyday life of these young people, restricting their repertoire of accessed activities and the used territories, and consequentially impacts on cultural capital and social participation. Social policies stood out as a possibility of expanding cultural and educational capital, which can lead to an enlargement of urban mobility and, perhaps, the social participation of young people.
Invasão do Cerrado pela Braquiária (Urochloa decumbens): impacto na predação de sementes e potencial de disseminação por formigas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20) Rebolo, Isabele Francisco; Christianini, Alexander Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0130447098744254
Biological invasions are a threat to native biodiversity. African grasses (such as brachiaria, Urochloa decumbens) are present in almost all Cerrado fragments, and is one one of the main challenges in the conservation of Cerrado. There is no information about the impacts of this invasive on seed predation in the Cerrado. Rodents, ants and birds are important agents of seed predation, and changes in vegetation cover can alter their abundance and foraging. It is known that U. decumbens accumulates hig biomass in the invaded areas, providing milder microclimate conditions, and it may serve as a shelter for seed removal agents, which could change seed predation rates. The spread of U. decumbens occurs by wind, vegetative propagation and the transit of animals and cars. It is not known if ants may disperse U. decumbens, and in this way, they would enhance the invasion. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to understand if the presence of U. decumbens changes native seed predation and U. decumbens seed, and if ants are helping to spread the invasive species. The experiments were done in fragments of Cerrado in Itu, Itirapina and Águas de Santa Barbara municipalities, during the summer. To test whether the presence of U. decumbens would alter seed predation, we performed exclusion experiments. To check if ants were acting as dispersers of the invasive grass, we performed tetrazolium tests on the seeds of U. decumbens sampled from ant nests. We found that invaded sites have less seed predation, which suggests that seed predation is probably not affecting natural regeneration in places invaded by U. decumbens. We verified that ants are acting as dispersers of the invader, transporting viable seeds to their nests, where there is probably higher chance for germination and seedling development in relation to the surroundings due to the accumulation of nutrients, and patrolling activity of ants in their nests.. Therefore, our results suggest an increase in complexity about what we know about the dynamics of U. decumbens invasions and suggests important information for the management and control of the invasive grass.
Normatização da arborização urbana: produção, conflitos e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-03-20) Caiche, Daniel Tonelli; Peres, Renata Bovo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1548750519260298
In recent years there has been an increase in the production of knowledge about the ecological, economic, cultural and social benefits of afforestation, which demonstrates the strength of the theme. However, to a lesser extent are studies dedicated to relating urban forest to the urbanization process and to the production of standards. The general objective of the thesis is to deepen the knowledge about the process of standardization of urban afforestation, considering its advances, contradictions, limitations, and conflicts. Complementarily, the objective is to understand the production of urban space and the influence on the standard production of urban forest in Brazilian cities; analyze the historical trajectory of the urban forest standards in São Carlos (SP), and verify compatibility and conflicts between urban and environmental standards in the elaboration of sidewalk tree projects in the studied municipality. For that, qualitative methods of interdisciplinary character, scientific essay, documentary analysis and project by scenarios were used. The results present theoretical and critical reflections that demonstrate that part of the problems of urban forest, in Brazilian cities, has roots in the marketing production of urban soil as well as in the incongruities of urban and environmental thinking materialized in the standards. Twenty-seven standards on urban forest of São Carlos were identified that demonstrate increased interest in the theme. However, breaks and gaps in the continuity of the formulation of standards were identified. Fifty front facade scenarios were produced for different types of urban plots, introducing different elements of urban infrastructure: 82% of the scenarios presented conflicts. When analyzing the lots of Social Interest Housing, 100% of the lots presented conflicts. Thus, it is expected to contribute to the construction of scientific, technical and political knowledge in the field of Brazilian Urban Forest. The process of producing cities is a social construction; to improve it, it is necessary to understand complex, systemic and interdependent relationships, identifying the conditions that support and condition them, in order to reflect and modify it.