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Apropriação da libras por estudantes do curso de tradução e interpretação em libras/ língua portuguesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-12)
Leite, Eloá de Lucca
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Martins, Vanessa Regina de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768682330164550
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7347033420134618
This work consists of the analyzes resulting from the Course Completion Work (TCC) of the Bachelor's degree in Translation and Interpretation in Libras / Portuguese. The research aimed to investigate the process of appropriation of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) by students of a Translation and Interpretation course in Portuguese / Libras (TILSP) at a federal university in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The research problematized the dilemmas of such a process by two specific aspects: 1) the entry of students in this course without the knowledge of sign language and 2) the need for appropriation and fluency in sign language for the further development of translation skills and interpretation in this language, focus of the training proposal of the course. For this purpose, the bibliographic study was carried out by means of research that dealt with this theme, to understand the field of study, namely: the training of sign language translators and interpreters. We conducted a qualitative field research with a descriptive proposal. For data collection, a semi-open and semi-lingual online questionnaire was formulated for students who had already attended at least two years of graduation. As the course investigated is four years, it is expected that the student already has knowledge and fluency in sign language. The relevance of this research instrument is understood as a space in which the subject can reflect on his practices and the researcher can use it as a means of appropriating knowledge announced by the participants that reflect data from the object of his investigation. The data were analyzed qualitatively based on studies of an anthropological nature in the field of deafness, articulating them with the fields of education and training of translators and interpreters. With the research, we promoted a reflection that brought novelties and accessibility strategies for better training aimed at students of bachelor's degrees in translation and interpretation of the linguistic pair, Libras / Portuguese Language.
Ecologia de Athene cunicularia (Molina 1782) (Aves, Strigidae) no litoral centro-norte de Santa Catarina, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-12)
Rocha, Alana Drielle
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Branco, Joaquim Olinto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241905846920207
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3538058970773331
Athene cunicularia (Molina, 1782) is a bird of prey that inhabits much of the Americas. The studies related to this species provide subsidies for the planning and management of environments direct at the preservation of avifauna species, since birds of prey can be used as indicators of the degree of conservation of ecosystems, futhermore it is an important functional role in natural ecosystems acting in the population control of insects and rodents. Aiming to deepen the ecological knowledge about A. cunicularia and understanding that knowledge about the relationship of species with their habitat is important for their conservation, this work developed a population study of the species in four dune areas on the coast of Santa Catarina, the beaches of Interpraias, Navegantes, Barra Velha and Praia Brava and led to the elaboration of three chapters. The first followed the population fluctuation in the beaches over three years and brought information about biometric measurements of the specimens captured between the four coastal regions of Santa Catarina. The second work presented the behavioral categories of owls during the course of the day and analyzed the influence of the environment on the owl's alarm responses when approaching humans. Finally, in the third chapter, the burrowing owl diet in the studied areas was analyzed and compared according to the surroundings. Considering the three studies, it is concluded: 1 - Owls have biometries similar to the subspecies described for the region and their population tends to decrease with increases in disturbances in the region where it is inserted. 2 - The owl has several similar behaviors throughout the day, however, the night time proved to be the main one for its feeding, also, it has difference in the responses to the approach in the studied regions, a possible consequence of the urbanized environment. 3 - The burrowing owl is generalist and opportunistic in its feeding, as it feeds on the abundant items in the regions where they are inserted, from invertebrates to small vertebrates, however it showed significant differences between its choices in the sampled sites. Therefore, the burrowing owl, A. cunicularia, is a species that has adapted to the urban environment, but disturbances can still impair the species success in several regions. The results presented here show great local dependence of A. cunicularia for feeding resources and natural areas for breeding. Future conservation of the environment in which they are inserted are essential for this species persistence.
Propostas de melhorias na gestão de contratos da Universidade Federal de São Carlos por meio da gestão por processos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-13)
Ture, Vanessa Stevan
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6567224880085922
The contracting of outsourced service companies is one of the main concerns with regard to contracts in the Public Administration, due to the complexity of monitoring and inspection, as well as because they represent high value contracts. In order to manage the execution of this type of contracting, contract management is essential to minimize the risk of damage to the public interest and damage to the treasury. Considering that the Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, as a federal institution of higher education, needs to have services through outsourced companies, which help in reaching the core activities, considering that UFSCar must follow all the current laws that determine and guide for a contract to be successful, as Normative Instruction n° 05/2017, which defines procedures for this type of contract and is still in the implementation phase in the institution object of this work, the present research, carried out through a study case study, it aims to contribute to improving the management and inspection of outsourced service contracts at the São Carlos campus at UFSCar through process management. For this, a mapping and analysis of the current situation of the hiring process of outsourced workers was carried out and, as a complement to the data collection, a structured interview with contract inspectors was carried out. Thus, as a product of the present work, sixteen proposals were generated with opportunities for improvement, divided into three categories: proposals related to Normative Instruction n° 05/2017, proposals generated with the interviews and proposals by the author of this work. In addition, it was possible to advance in some proposals, with the application of management tools for processes that resulted in the projection of future situations, as well as planning suggestions and models of procedures for contract management.
Gestão da mudança educacional nas escolas da Inspetoria Madre Mazzarello
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-13)
Machado, José Ronaipe das Neves
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Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3944175066860793
This qualitative research presents as its central goal the analysis of the educational change process management accomplished by the schools within the Inspetoria Madre Mazzarello. The research intends to deepen the knowledge regarding the processes and dynamisms that bring about efficacy and success to an education change process. The data interpretation and analysis were carried about upon the establishiment of the analysis categories, which were inductively developed, and its theoretical referential was the educational change process literature. Data were gathered upon open interviews and quiestionaires adhibition. Data were analyzed based on the Content Analyiss theoretic-methodological approach and premises, as well as on its tecniques, applying the support, resources and tools of computer softwares in order to treat and organize the same data. Analysis resulted in the establishement of six categories, which made it possible to proceed to data interpretation: communication management, organizational management, pedagogical management, change theory and meaning, stages of change process, and actors involved in the change process. Each analysis category contributed to understand and identify the factors tha affected the educational change process management within the Inspetoria Madre Mazzarello, emphasizing how respondents identify the factors that positively affected the Effective Practice Project and how they concurred to its success. Those factors are related to: the attention to the communicational process in order to achieve adhesion, engagement, and commitment; necessity of contextualizing the proposal to each school reality; the centrality of pedagogical related issues, including the teaching and learning process, teachers training, support and follow-up, and leadership commitment; the attention to the way upon which people elaborate meaning and develop an implicit change theory; the organization and understanding of the change process, accordingly to the demands and challenges inherents to each stage comprised in the same process, that is, initiation, implementation, and institutionalization; the demand to promote the envolvement of the multiple groups of people who are envolved with the change process.
Determinantes das formas de governança e complementaridades contratuais nas negociações dos produtores de coco do Estado de Alagoas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-14)
Gonçalves, Kellyane Pereira dos Anjos
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1805105774373740
Brazil is the world's fifth largest producer of coconut. Most of the country’s production is concentrated in the Northeast region. However, since the 1980s, coconut farming has expanded to include almost the entire country, a change motivated by the increase in world consumption of coconut derivatives. In this restructuring process, some traditional states have lost participation nationally. This is the case of Alagoas, which was already the third largest producer in Brazil, prior to the restructuring period. However, in the past few decades, it has persisted in this activity more for social than solely economic aspects – as is tradition of this culture, implanted during the colonial period. In Alagoas, production is practiced, to a greater extent, by family farmers with an area of less than 10 acres. These production systems allow individual farms to unit with other more profitable crop lands. As a result, the low volume of coconut production associated with the coconut tree's seasonality means that most producers' commercialization is restricted to transactions with intermediaries and open markets rather than with cooperatives. Other producers, with greater production volume, trade directly with the few industries installed in that state, in addition to the large intermediaries. In this sense, Alagoas’ restricted marketing channel demonstrates several aspects of organizational evolution through the use of different coordination mechanisms. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to show and analyze the determinants of the adoption of hybrid organizational arrangements and the contractual complementarities in coconut transactions in Alagoas. Studying such transactions is relevant due to the characteristics of their buyers, formed by a few agents, but with different organizational structures. As a result, the bargaining power of coconut producers, in terms of commercial negotiation, varies according to the type of configuration that the transaction assumes. The theoretical framework is based on the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) which, according to American economist Oliver E. Williamson (1985, 1991) relates the behavioral assumptions and attributes of the transaction to the choice of the governance structure that minimizes transaction costs. The hostage model approach was also used, where asset specificity is related to the construction of credible commitments between agents. On the other hand, the subsequent development of TCE, which describes the different types of hybrid forms of governance, were used to investigate the role of reputation, relational network, leadership, and formal governance as coordination mechanisms complementary to contracts. The methodology consists of an explanatory quantitative approach which utilizes the survey method of data collection. In this 2018 study, information was collected from 135 coconut transactions between the producer and the main buyer. The transactions were grouped into two categories: (a) “with commitment” and (b) “without commitment.” The information was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics with the use of hypothesis tests for the differences between the groups and, the use of a logistic regression, binary logit model, as it is the relationship of a binary categorical output variable with continuous predictive and other categorical variables. The results showed that the main factors explaining the adoption of hybrid governance structures are related to social aspects, such as the greater intensity of reputation built on recurring transactions. Results revealed Frequency as the main attribute of the transactions, since no significant asset specificities were found. Leadership was also identified as a relevant contractual complementarity, explained in this case by the authority exercised by the few buyers in the marketing channel.
Influência da desconexão de habitats na quitridiomicose e no microbioma cutâneo de anfíbios anuros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-15)
Martins, Renato Augusto
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Becker, Carlos Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2671687762419507
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São Pedro, Vinícius de Avelar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404103190291423
Habitat split can be defined as the human-induced discontinuity between habitats used by different stages of the life history of a species. The main affected species are those that need to migrate between distinct habitats to complete their reproductive cycle, as most amphibians species. Much of the ongoing amphibian declines around the world, including Brazil, are based on the emergence of the waterborne chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Although it is already known that habitat split is linked to an increased risk of local amphibian declines and extinctions, little is known how habitat split at the landscape scale increases the risk of chytridiomycosis. It is also known that the symbiotic cutaneous microbiota (the microbiome) is the first line of amphibians defenses against invasive pathogens such as Bd. Thus, disturbance in the cutaneous microbiome caused by deforestation and habitat fragmentation could reduce host defenses against Bd in highly fragmented landscapes. This study aims to test the effect of deforestation and habitat split on host-pathogen dynamics in amphibians, also investigating the relations between the amphibian microbiome diversity, composition, and habitat disturbances. Our results support the hypothesis that, the smaller the fragment and the more disconnected from permanent water bodies, the greater the Bd prevalence and infection loads in amphibian populations, regardless of amphibian reproductive strategy or migratory behavior. In addition, we found that high bacterial richness in the host skin microbiome is correlated with low Bd infections. Our findings highlight that efforts to restore natural riparian vegetation could reduce the risk of chytridiomycosis and contribute to the conservation of amphibians in the Atlantic Forest.
“Catatau”, fanzine e poesia: escrita nas prisões cearenses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-15)
Accioly, Maria Izabel Feitosa
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7683928844133271
This dissertation is dedicated to describe what prisoners from Ceará write, how they write and what effects this writing produces and what place it occupies in the prison context. I expand the ethnographic field work that I have been doing since 2015 in prisons in Ceará that house provisional prisoners in order to investigate how writing can express an incarcerated life experience. I think how this experience of being imprisoned is produced, in the feeling of representation and belonging and in the presentation of different perspectives of what it is to be imprisoned. Thus, I look at the ways in which these individuals create the conditions to carry out the activity of writing in a space of daily interdictions. I observe what the paper, in its content and form, says about these people, the events they experience in ways they live and the ways they relate to other inmates, their families and professionals who work in the prison. I seek the narratives of inmates of the Casa de Privação Provisória de Liberdade Professor Jucá Neto - CPPL III, located in Itaitinga/CE, but I privilege those who organize their intramural experience through writing configured in the productions of catataus, fanzines and poetic manuscripts that circulate there, as well as those of a custodian who became one of my main interlocutors, Adão
Agricultura familiar e alimentação escolar nos grandes municípios paulistas: análise das características institucionais em redes políticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-15)
Bueno, Gabriel
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0206300651443037
The Federal Law 11.947 of 2009 establishes - in its article 14 - that states and counties, when carrying out actions of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), must spend at least 30% of the resources received from the National Fund for the Development of Education (FNDE) buying products from family farming. Such regulation aims at forming a policy network, defined as a set of relatively stable relationships between various actors that have an interdependent nature in sharing resources. The logic of the networks advances in explaining the coordination mechanisms between the actors in public policies. It is argued that networks gradually emerge because actors begin to interact and when they exist for a longer period, institutional characteristics such as patterns of interaction, patterns of perceptions and rules emerge. The research aims to analyze the institutional characteristics in political networks structured from the implementation of article 14 of Law 11,947 / 2009 in twenty large cities in São Paulo. From the clusters analysis by the Ward method with 106 family farmers' organizations, it was possible identify four groups of family organizations with different patterns of interaction (intensity and variety) with the counties studied. The variables used in the statistical test were: sales volume (VV), number of counties served (NM) and total years that the organization participated in the Program (TA). A multiple case study was also carried out based on the application of a questionnaire with a family organization from each group observed in the statistical test. The results show that, despite the different patterns of interaction between family organizations in different clusters, some perceptions about the main problems in the process of purchasing products from family farming for school meals are similar. The perceptions about the rules are connected to the actor, as they vary according to the actor's situation in the network and how he feels affected by the compliance (or not) of these rules.
Mitigação do desperdício de alimentos: práticas e causas na díade fornecedor-supermercado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-15)
Moraes, Camila Colombo de
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Silva, Andrea Lago da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380499339281186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5506596182566747
Food waste is a matter of priority on international agendas, given its environmental, social and economic impacts. In this context, the implementation of practices to mitigate food waste is an efficient way to support economic growth and reduce social and environmental impacts. However, the literature is dominated by research carried out in developed countries and, although the practices presented are useful, there are few analyzes in developing countries, especially in Brazil. Reduction practices should be adapted to local situations of each country, in order to deal with the different barriers and facilitators for their implementation. Thus, the purpose of this research was to understand how external resources (RDT - Resource Dependence Theory) and internal resources (RBV - Resourced Based View) that influence the adoption of practices to mitigate the causes of FV (fruits and vegetables) waste in the supplier-supermarket dyad. First, a literature review was carried out, followed by a multi-case study composed of four cases (supplier-supermarket dyad), in which the activities of distribution, storage, exhibition, handling and disposal of FV in stores and distribution centers were analyzed. Thus, it was possible to characterize the external and internal resources to understand how they can influence the adoption of reduction practices, reflecting in the mitigation of the causes of FV waste. The resources identified in this research play a different role in each member of the dyad and can become barriers or facilitators for reducing food waste. Legislation, cultural aspects, financial aspects (financial return) and the lack of encouragement for cooperation can be barriers to the implementation of reduction practices. While access to technology, expansion of the relationship network, location, training and knowledge of operations can act as facilitators for this implementation. As a theoretical implication, this research identifies mitigation practices and causes of food waste, within the context of a developing country like Brazil. Second, it identifies an individualistic behavior in supermarkets, which, due to its great market power, pushes waste to other links in the supply chain. Third, it uses two theories within organizations to understand food waste in the context of the supply chain. As a managerial implication, the findings in this study can help managers to identify and map the causes of food waste in their operations, as well as to analyze the best reduction practices according to the particularities of each organization. Besides that, with the identification of barriers and facilitators, supermarkets and suppliers can adjust strategies to overcome these barriers, as well as analyze the opportunities arising from the facilitators, sharing benefits and costs.
Desenvolvimento de uma escala para medição de práticas da Produção mais Limpa (P+L)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-15)
Borges, Thyago de Melo Duarte
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Ganga, Gilberto Miller Devós
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062191157466610
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5340441592694626
The increase in materials production and consumption is one of the characteristics of the modern society. This increase, when performed inefficiently, results in the negative environmental impacts on the planet. In this context, it is important to highlight the activities from the industries. Since they are considered as one of the main agents responsible for the increase of such impacts. An alternative to solve this problem is the adoption of the Cleaner Production (CP), a strategy that aims to reduce the environmental impacts by investigating the origin of its causes and proposing practices that eliminate or reduce the generation of these impacts. In order for these companies properly manage these practices, it is necessary that they check and measure the level of implementation of such practices, using for that purpose an instrument (scale) which allows this measurement. In this context, the objective of this thesis is the development of a scale which measure the level of CP practices implementation. The methodological approach used for this objective was mixed, which included the steps necessary to develop a scale : specification of theoretical domains and operational definition of constructs, generation of items, face validation, pre-test and scale purification, reliability and validity analysis of the scale. With this methodological approach, it was possible to create a scale with 08 constructs and 25 practices. This model was validated in terms of construct reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity. In theoretical terms, this research is relevant because it fills a gap in the literature by developing a scale that measures CP practices in the companies. In practical terms, this research is also relevant because each company can analyse its own performance and extract informations to guide the company´s environmental management. It also possible the utilization of this scale as a bechmarking tool between companies from the same sector or from differents ones.
Essay on games, evolution, and income distribution
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-17)
Poletti, Olavo
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Silva Junior, Geraldo Edmundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5138808982229139
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3760953882948297
A crescente desigualdade nas últimas décadas atraiu a atenção da sociedade e da academia. Os esforços para entender esse problema criaram um amplo arcabouço teórico. Com esse trabalho, buscamos expandir a vasta literatura sobre desigualdade ao combinar ferramentas de distintas disciplinas de uma maneira nova. Propomos uma abordagem evolucionária construída sobre um modelo baseado em agentes que combina ferramentas de Sistemas Complexos e Teorias dos Jogos. Esse método explora como características individuais afetam as interações entre agentes, como essas interações resultam em padrões de comportamento, e como esses padrões influenciam a população. Com os payoffs de cada jogo representando a renda de cada indivíduo, o modelo gera informações sobre o processo de distribuição de renda considerando características individuais, controle de ativos, interações entre indivíduos, e condições ambientais. Assim, construímos uma imagem do mecanismo por trás da distribuição de renda. Esse mecanismo passa por três estágios, caracterizados por três fatores: características individuais, ativos e redes. No início, por um breve período, diferenças em características individuais resultam em uma distribuição de renda desigual. Com essa distribuição desigual, alguns agentes conseguem poupar e acumular ativos. O controle de ativos amplifica a desigualdade inicial, separando os agentes em redes determinadas pela riqueza. Finalmente, tais redes regulam as possibilidades de os agentes empregarem suas habilidades e ativos na obtenção de renda. Poupança e herança criam um mecanismo que se retroalimenta amplificando e mantendo a desigualdade de renda.
Semeando a cidade: provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos na agricultura urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-18)
Corrêa, Carina Júlia Pensa
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Nnadi, Ernest
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4141008820581109
Urban density triggers several environmental and social problems, most of them associated with the difficulty of maintaining and providing ecosystem services in these landscapes. In this sense, interventions are necessary to guarantee the quality of life of the population combined with environmental conservation. Although urban agriculture is driven by its provision (food production) and cultural (leisure and social well-being) services, they produce essential support and regulatory functions, such as reducing heat islands, attracting pollinators, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. The present study evaluated the socio-environmental characteristics of urban gardens and their role in providing these ecosystem services, especially for water regulation. In a comparative study, gardens in São Paulo, Paris, and England were analyzed according to social, environmental, and political indicators. The motivations of gardeners include food security, quality of life, environmental education, integration, and social inclusion. Agroecological practices were positive results found in the visited experiences, which allow the generation of ecosystem services in all categories. From a social point of view, a continuous program of support to farmers could bring more security to the practice in São Paulo. Regarding the behavior of the soil in these spaces, annual monitoring of soil density, humidity, hydraulic conductivity, water infiltration speed, and mechanical resistance to penetration was carried out in vegetable gardens, vacant lots, squares, and riparian forests. The gardens obtained the best results in all the adopted indicators, and thus, they respond better to a rain event when compared to vacant lots, squares, and riparian zones studied. Besides, urban riparian forests may have difficulty in infiltrating water and high soil compaction, and actions to improve their ecological function are important. Similar results were found in the case study carried out in the Corujas watershed, in São Paulo. The soil of the Corujas garden, installed on the same perimeter as the square and a partially concrete permanent preservation area, has lower compaction rates, and, therefore, more significant potential to contribute to rainfall infiltration. The example of this garden also shows that it is possible to combine planting with the installation of green infrastructures, such as rain gardens. The development and maintenance of spaces that generate multiple ecosystem services in cities should be encouraged, and it is concluded that urban agriculture, in addition to invaluable social benefits, has great potential for improving water regulation in cities.
Empreender e educar: a sala de aula invertida no ensino de funções orgânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-18)
Ferreira, Pedro Henrique Severino
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3779141102436947
A pedagogical strategy that has been increasingly used is the Flipped Classroom in which the student is in contact with basic information about the study content before the class, by a guide made available by the teacher in a Virtual Learning Platform. This way, time and space in school is enlarged to the practical comprehension activities and to the solving of problems and personalized understanding of the student. The Flipped Classroom was implemented as a methodology to the teaching of organic functions to 28 students in their second high school year at São Francisco School, in Passos/MG (Brazil), with the objective of understanding how the methodology contributes to the development of undertaking abilities in the teaching and learning process. This study has as a product a script of activities for the virtual platform using video classes that are available at YouTube and guides of practical presential activities. It was possible to observe that, at the end of the study, most students were more committed to the chemistry assignments and, as a result, they had an autonomous behavior in their teaching/learning process.
Materiais para aplicações eletroquímicas: otimização da síntese de grafeno/TiO2-RuO2 e estudo da retificação de corrente iônica em nanoporos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-19)
Silva, Mariana Cristina
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7107574227552280
The current energy outlook points to the need to implement methodologies that value the reduction of energy consumption, as well as the use of cleaner and more sustainable processes of production, conversion, and storage of energy. In this scenario, there is a need for a deeper understanding of phenomena and materials involved in energy-related applications. In this sense, the first part of this thesis focuses on the study of microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide decorated with RuO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The selection of this material for the study is due to its potential application in the development of energy storage devices. Several parameters were studied: relative amount of metallic precursors, synthesis medium, pH, starting reactants, composition, and temperature. Among these variables, the effect of pH should be highlighted: at extremely acidic pH (pH<0), there is no formation of RuO2 particles; at slightly basic pH (pH 8), the forced hydrolysis of metallic precursors leads to the formation of amorphous oxides and hydroxides agglomerates; at slightly acidic pH (pH 4) – and changing the Ti4+ precursor so that it is soluble at this pH –, particles with an average size of 18 nm are obtained, and the presence of ruthenium can be confirmed. Still in the context of energy-related theme, the second part of this thesis deals with the study of the phenomenon of ionic current rectification in nanopores. This understanding of basic concepts is fundamental to the systems improvement, as it leads to the possibility of optimizing processes and, therefore, lower energy consumption. To help understand the phenomenon, this thesis used mathematical and computational tools to study the effect of ionic current rectification in nanopores through finite element simulation. This rectification effect can be used as a basis for the construction of several devices since they work in the storage of potential energy. Based on experimental evidence, pore geometry, dimensions and surface charge were studied. Through this study it became clear the need for the pore to present asymmetry, nanometric dimensions and surface charge for the current rectification effect to occur. In this sense, it was evident that the greater the charge and the smaller the opening on one side of the pore, the greater the current rectification observed. Through factorial design, it was possible to observe that the pore narrowing dimension is a significant parameter in the values of rectification ratio, as expected due to the importance of the Debye length in these cases.
Estudo de Ligas Fe-Nb-B Nanocristalinas Eutéticas Ultrafinas e Laser Cladding de Pós Atomizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Caneda, Chaiane Messa
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Gargarella, Piter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453
Fe-Nb-B alloys have gained much attention in recent years because of the possibility to obtain different constituents in nanostructured composites, amorphous and ultrafine eutectics (scale of 100 nm to 1 μm) alloys depending on composition and cooling rate. These structures are originated by rapid solidification in non-equilibriun balance and have excellent mechanical (high hardness, high resistance to fracture and plasticity) and chemical properties. LASER processing is considered one of the routes that also allows the development of these structures, enabling new perspectives on technological applications of these alloys. This work presents aimed the development of ultrafine eutectic nanocrystalline Fe-Nb-B alloys seeking to evaluate the mechanical behavior on strength and ductility. From these selected compositions for the subsequent production of gas atomized powders were manufacturing the coatings of these alloys onto AISI 1020 mild steel substrate by LASER cladding using a pre-placed powder method. The compositions in which the coatings were produced, Fe76.5Nb8.5B15 and Fe74.25Nb8.25B17.5 (at. %), allowed to investigate the appropriate parameters ranges to obtain coatings with high microhardness and at the same time, with possible wear resistance. Both coatings were characterized using the techniques of X-ray Diffraction (DRX), Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of a samples prepared by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) allowed the analysis of the formation of eutectic phases (as predicted).The wear resistance of coatings for Fe76.5Nb8.5B15 (at.%) alloy were evaluated through the pin-on-disk test with three-body abrasive indicated lower wear rates values compared to the steel substrate (1.9 x 10-5 to 3.9 x 10-5 mm³/Nm, respectively).
Método para classificação de sementes agrícolas em imagens obtidas por tomografia de raios-X em alta resolução
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Brito, André Ribeiro de
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8676076486184629
This research produced a method for classifying agricultural oil seeds based on tomography (CT) assays. Oilseeds may present good or poor quality for planting, the latter being related to the presence of defects associated with physical imperfections such as cracks, breaks and voids. In such a context, for the development of the method, high-resolution tomographic slices reconstruction have been considered, as well as the evaluation of digital image processing and visualization techniques, i.e., evaluations related to pre-processing, segmentation, extraction of supervised characteristics and classifiers. For such evaluations, samples containing oilseeds with and without defects for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), and soybean (Glycine max ( L.) Merrill) were classified. For the choice of the pre-processing, processing and visualization of tomographic images techniques, the following metrics were used: PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error), SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Measure), and DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient). Thus, for the establishment of the method, the techniques for filtering and segmentation have been selected considering the Nonlocal means and Gaussian filters, while for the segmentation steps, the simple thresholding and graph techniques have been selected, respectively. For the characteristic extraction stage, the HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) and the Hu invariant moments techniques have been selected, as they can allow obtaining texture descriptors and descriptors based on geometric characteristics, respectively. Additionally, the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) technique has been used to establish a composite characteristic vector with these descriptors. Finally, not only the NB (Naïve Bayes) but also the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier shown its usefulness. Furthermore, for the method, the NB classifier has been indicated for the analysis of tomographic slices of sunflower seeds and the SVM classifier for the analysis of tomographic slices of jatropha and soybean seeds. The method developed for the grading of oilseeds has been shown to be suitable for selection in pre-planting, which helps to assist decision making in the selection of good quality agricultural seed. It also contributes to the evolution of advanced techniques and analysis tools, obtained from digital image processing and visualization techniques.
Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de quitosana-tripolifosfato e seu potencial como antifúngico natural para aplicação por aspersão em frutas frescas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Alexandrino, Taís Téo de Barros
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Assis, Odílio Benedito Garrido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4626267791983725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1423196539001121
Contamination by pathogens is a problem that occurs on a global scale and is related to approximately 25% of total fruit and vegetables losses in the post-harvest condition. The synthetic antimicrobials usually applied in order to minimize these losses, if not used in a moderate way, might generate undesirable impacts on human health and to the environment. So, a growing awareness and preference for healthy foods, absent of chemical pesticides, is in course. An alternative to meet these demands is the development of natural fungicides, which can act satisfactorily and with low impact or side effects. In this context, chitosan has been considered as a suitable alternative for the development of antimicrobials, mainly due its natural source and biodegradability. In conventional diluted form, chitosan has already proved to have a broad antimicrobial activity. In the present study, the synthesis of nanoparticles from the Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate (NPQui-TPP) system and their antifungal potential, when in aqueous suspensions, were evaluated in topical applications on fruits via spray. The premise is that as larger the particulate area, the greater will be the surface interaction between chitosan molecules and pathogens. The NPQui-TPP were synthesized by the ionotropic gelation method, and several experimental parameters evaluated aiming at the optimization and standardization of the process, where the following conditions were defined: height of 8 cm between intercrossing (TPP) dropping and the chitosan gel surface, under agitation of 1500 rpm and additional ultrasonication with 30% of amplitude for 2 minutes.In these conditions NPQui-TPP with an average diameter of 117.3 nm were generated and assessed in vitro at concentrations of 8 and 9 g/L with effective activity in inhibiting the growth of Alternaria alternata and Penicillium expansum inoculated in BDA medium. Formulations for topical application with 9 g/L (particles in suspension) were prepared and sprinkled on apples and guavas, inoculated and non-inoculated with the analyzed fungi, for in vivo assessment. Coatings in non-nanoparticulated condition (dipping into chitosan gel), were also carried out for comparison. The results show superior activities of NPQui-TPP when compared to the continuous coatings. The nanoparticulated coatings promoted reductions of 55 % in the loss of firmness in guavas and 38.7 % concerning the apples. Additionally the nanoparticles provided a decrease in 24 % in the fungal growth on apples and of 28 % on guavas, with simultaneous colorimetric alterations around 13.7 % on apples, when compared to non-coated samples, along 14 days. Although the exact mechanisms by which chitosan antimicrobial activity occurs is not yet fully elucidated, it is evident that chitosan in nanoparticles form has superior antifungal activity and general preservative properties, what have been attributed to their high surface area and consequently the ability to perform larger interactions.
Comportamento ecofisiológico de Croton urucurana Baill, Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, Hevea brasiliensis Willd. Ex A. Juss e Psidium cattleianum Sabine
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Leal, Mariana Santos
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208577997632374
The ecophysiological behavior of plants is intrinsic to each plant species and is also influenced by environmental conditions such as solar radiation and water availability. Once the ecophysiology of tree species and their interactions with environmental conditions and their water use efficiency are better understood, local water dynamics can be better understood and more efficient management systems adopted. The objective of this study was to characterize, quantify and compare the ecophysiological behavior (transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) and the efficiency of water use as a function of environmental variables and soil water availability of five native forest species: Croton urucurana, Cecropia pachystachya, Hevea brasiliensis, Gallesia integrifolia and Psidium cattleianum. The monitoring of the ecophysiological variables was performed in the hour scale, in healthy and expanded leaves of seedlings packaged with the aid of the diffusion porometer, and the leaf water potential was obtained by means of the Scholander pump. The results indicated that the studied species responded differently to environmental conditions (water availability, photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit), and in general, the seedlings of all species under conditions of lower leaf water potential had lower rates of gas exchanges, however on a different scale of values. Thus, the restriction of water in the soil caused the plants to decrease their rates in order to avoid excessive water loss.
Géis, nanocompósitos e compósitos de pectina preparados utilizando a técnica adaptada de ice template.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
César, Natália Reigota
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De Meneses, Aparecido Junior
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0484426340349483
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
Byopolymers, such as pectin, have the ability to form gels which allows their use as jelly thickeners in food industries, for example. Porous pectin gels are generally homogeneous, forming a water-rich mesh. Pores are cavities within a material, which in some cases can weaken it because it is a discontinuity, or its presence can favor its use in different applications. One of the techniques used for the production of porous materials is the ice template, or freeze-casting, which uses freezing to obtain these materials. The purpose of this work was to develop a process similar to the ice template, replacing the cold finger with cooling in a domestic freezer without a frost-free system; since this new methogology presents low cost and easy access. After the development of the technique, it was applied in the preparation of porous materials, the Project was developed using formulations of pectin and calcium below the concentration of gelation in diferente concentrations; as well as, nanocomposites were prepared with formulations of pectin, calcium and celulose nanofibril (CNF) also with concentrations below gelation; and finally, composites were prepared with diferente concentrations of pectin, calcium and fibers (obtained from young leaves of Typha domingensis) also with concentrations below gelation. After the satisfactory development of the adapted ice template system, followed by the preparation of the new materials, the selection of the best materials (gels, nanocomposites and composites) was carried out, these were conditioned to compression tests, in addition to being also morphologically characterized. The pre-selected solutions of gels and nanocomposites were tested on porous structures, thus forming pore structures within the pore, these were morphologically characterized; in order to possible application in cell growth. Among all the formulations prepared, after compression test (mechanical strength) and morphological characterization, the best mechanically obtained materials were the weak composites (improved 17,4 times in breaking strength compared to the weak gel), medium (improved 32,2 times in relation to the médium gel) and strong (improved 14,7 times in relation to the strong gel), the best formulation for the formation of pore structures within the pore was that of the gel called very weak, as this diffused porous material forming the expected structure.
Estudo comportamental e efeitos da interação animal-visitante dos felinos do Zoológico de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-20)
Mata, Emily Perez Guimarães da
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Sekiama, Margareth Lumy
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7506297262479134
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339760342899503
Zoos play the role of conservation, research, environmental education, and recreation centers, and one of their main concerns is the welfare of the animals on display, which can be influenced by factors such as adequate enclosure, balanced feeding, veterinary management and interaction with visiting public. The presence of visitors may influence animal behavior, either positively or negatively. Thus, understanding animal-visitor interaction is extremely helpful in the quest to improve the animals’ well-being and raise public interest, because it may help the species' conservation. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to analyze the crowd’s effect on the behavior of the cats at the São Paulo Zoo, and how the behavior of the cats affects the public's interest. 20 hours of behavioral observations were made for each species - Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Panthera leo, and Panthera tigris tigris - via focal animal sampling for enclosures with only one individual and scan sampling for enclosures with multiple animals. The recorded behaviors were then correlated to the visitors' behavior, age group, and length of stay in front of the venues. Furthermore, modifications were made to the structural and environmental elements of the H. yagouaroundi enclosure to verify the effect of these changes on the activity of the animals and the perception and interest of the public, and, following, new behavioral observations were made. The results showed that cats, in general, exhibited behaviors related to rest, such as lying down or remaining inactive in structures. The stereotyped behavior, pacing, was observed more frequently for the jaguar. As for other factors that could influence the cat’s behavior, such as the age range of the visitors and the time of the visit, they showed no effect, however, the pacing events occurred mainly during mornings. After the changes were made in the H. yagouaroundi enclosure, there was a reduction in the inactive and stereotyped behaviors of the species. Therefore, the enrichment of ex situ environments can be considered an important tool for zoos and institutions with animals under human care to promote the welfare of the animals, providing more complex environments so their behavioral repertoire can approach what is observed in their natural habitat. Also, the setting of the enclosures may promote greater attractiveness to the visiting public and consequently deeper knowledge, affection, and respect for the animals in captivity.