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Da construção do instrumento à roda de viola: cultura caipira e multifuncionalidade rural em Limeira, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Silva, Átila Ramirez da; Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7469225152408711
This work analyzes the socio-cultural dimension of rural multifunctionality processes and presents a discussion about the rural and its festive aspects. It points to the multiple interactions in the rural environment and its dynamics, which awakens new uses and possibilities of rural spaces beyond agriculture. While reporting the inhabited rural space, it presents a discussion on infrastructure in rural territories. It addresses the cultural festivities of rural communities as an important role in the local cultural formation, more precisely the festivities of folias de reis, Cururu, São Gonçalo, São João, Santo Antônio and São Pedro. It presents a case study of viola caipira and rural (re) involvement in the pre-settlement Elizabeth Teixeira in Limeira (SP); held between October 2017 and October 2018. The project held six workshops on the construction of the viola caipira and, through the viola circle, promoted meetings to create a dialogue on cultural educator spaces, from the perspective of Cultura Caipira. In this work, the methodologies used involved bibliographic research, censuses and research in photographic and documentary collections related to the reflection on rural development, religious events and parties. The work favored the creation of indicators of rural (re) involvement and allowed us to understand that what integrates the individual with the territory is the way in which it is related to aspects of nature, culture, language, location and its praxis.
Abordagem colaborativa para segmentação de áreas degradadas e regeneradas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Pereira, Rodolfo Luiz Cugler; Rossi, André Luis Debiaso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5604829226181486; Felipussi, Siovani Cintra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2119337662024862; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3694880857782342
Forests have huge environmental, social and economic importance. However, over the years they have been destroyed and transformed into pastures, agricultural fields, etc. Due to the popularity of remote sensing images, specifically the images acquired by the Landsat satellite series, several studies were proposed to find, monitor and analyze deforestation rates. However, researches indicate that images with higher spatial resolutions can overcome the results. Segmentation of remote sensing images is a crucial factor to support the inspection of deforested areas. Literature has different segmentation and pattern recognition techniques that have been used to solve this problem. Furthermore, these studies show the results of hybrid segmentation methods are better than single methods. Therefore, this research proposes a collaborative framework to segment and classify deforested areas. This approach analyzes four different segmentation methods (SAVI, AM techniques, multi-scale segmentation method and the marker-controlled watershed-based segmentation method) to suggest deforested areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Results were compared with real environmental infractions found by the Military Environmental Police of the State of São Paulo manually and proved to be promising. Therefore, the proposal for a collaborative approach to suggest degraded areas becomes relevant as an approach to help the inspection of deforestation by police.
Leitura compartilhada por professores para ampliação das interações comunicativas e linguagens em crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Menotti, Ana Rubia Saes; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9336960748460625
During childhood language difficulties have been identified as a risk factor for social and academic development. Shared story reading plays an important role in promoting the language. The general objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of an intervention program applied by teachers to expand vocabulary and the number of conversations initiated by children in Early Childhood Education, inserted in regions with low socioeconomic status. The thesis had its secondary objective to systematically evaluate the possible effects of this intervention on the acquisition of written language. The work was organized in two studies. Study 1 aimed at verifying the effects of continuing formation with teachers of early childhood education, which should put into specific strategies during shared reading, stimulation of children's oral language and the generalization of these strategies in other daily activities. Study 2, with the general objective of verifying the impact that the continuing formation performed with the teachers in Study 1 had on the development of the children's oral and written language, considering that the teachers started to use more consistently in their classrooms some strategies that they are considered by the literature as efficient for oral language promotion in the school context. The intervention performed in Study 1 showed evidence of changes in teachers' practices, especially in times of shared reading (Study 1), but this result was not enough to verify the increase in oral and written language competence of children who were inserted in the classroom of the teachers participating in the training (Study 2). We discuss the need for refinement of the instruments used to assess children's language competence and also for more lasting and continuous interventions throughout early childhood education.
Políticas públicas e imóveis ociosos: aplicabilidade da função social a favor do envelhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Portes, Filipe Augusto; Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962; Monteiro, Luzia Cristina Antoniossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2890278808923978; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595577214579920
The demographic transition represents a complex and unprecedented phenomenon in the history of mankind, and never before has there been such a large number of elderly people in the world. Projections point out that in Brazil population aging tends to intensify in the coming decades, requiring relevant strategies on the part of public authorities and society. Concomitantly, Brazilian cities have unequal conditions, marked by socio-spatial segregation, and reveal a considerable idle real estate stock. This scenario contradicts the principles laid down by the legislation and tends to represent an even greater problem in view of the current demographic dynamics. Therefore, it is understood the importance of actions and policies that promote the right to the city, especially those most vulnerable. In this sense, this work systematizes alternatives to demands that are interrelated with the progress of population aging, based on the precept of the social function of property and based on legislative analysis of legal-urban instruments. Thus, it is understood that social inclusion, made possible through the democratization of urban space, represents a key element in the promotion of conditions relevant to old age. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the presence of idle properties in the central region of the municipality of Araraquara (SP), aiming at the applicability of the social function, requalifying them for housing and / or social facilities that serve people in the old age phase. The study has a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory character, based on the assumptions of the quantitative-qualitative method of investigation. This work represents an outline of a larger project, entitled “Right to the City and the Elderly: proposal for requalification of idle properties”, which was carried out with regular assistance from FAPESP (process nº 2017 / 15781-9). In other words, from the field visit phase until the verification of active debt, there was a significant minimization of the findings. In view of the data analysis and analysis, it was possible to identify 62 properties without proper use, 28 of which had been in this situation for at least five years. Of this sample, only 10% had active debt, expressing requirements for action by mechanisms such as the Instituto do Abandono. Such an outcome demonstrates that the link between abandonment and tax burdens, provided for by the legislation, weakens the principles that support the social function of property. Thus, it is possible to perceive the potential of instruments such as PEUC and Social Leasing, which lack specific regulations and applicability at the municipal level. Finally, it could be seen that socio-spatial segregation is a reality fueled by the inapplicability of existing provisions in the constitutional and infraconstitutional wording, exposing the lack of commitment of public agents, among other major factors that make up urban inequality. Thus, the presence of idle properties represents an obstacle to the realization of the right to the city, bringing with it socio-environmental damage inconceivable in the face of contemporary incitement.
O circuito curto de comercialização para o desenvolvimento rural: um estudo sobre as feiras-livres de Arapiraca, AL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Silva, Danielle Viturino da; Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1044077606994515
The short commercialization circuit, although still in the consolidation phase of the theoretical framework, in Brazil, has several documented local, national and international initiatives. For the study context, the short commercialization circuit is considered a space responsible for direct transactions, which involve monetary values or not, where there is, the presence of even an intermediary. In view of the above, the objective of this work is to carry out a study on how a short commercialization circuit (CCC) contributes to rural development, having as an empirical reference the so-called “Popular Fairs of Family Farming”, located in the municipality of Arapiraca, in the countryside of Alagoas. For this, the quantitative and qualitative approaches were chosen, with several steps outlined: i) bibliographic review centered on five themes: modern agri-food system, short marketing circuits, open markets, family farming and research techniques; ii) recognition visits to the study areas, that is, to the two fairs in the municipality, iii) construction of the primary data collection instrument and its pre-test, iiii) field research, with the application of a questionnaire, conducting recorded interviews and direct observations on the spot. As a result, it was found that the fairs studied are presented as an important commercial space, as they are the spaces that enable the direct sale of products, without the presence of intermediaries, this scenario generates greater financial autonomy for farmers and family farmers. Finally, it can be said that these direct sales, still enabled an amplitude in the network of contacts of the marketers and the construction of relationships based on trust and reciprocity between producer and consumer.
Incidência da ferrugem do eucalipto (Eucalyptus urograndis) em diferentes arranjos agroflorestais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Agápto, João Paulo; Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699962523528931
Considered one of the main eucalyptus diseases, rust (Puccinia psidii) can cause serious damage to the crop if adequate management strategies are not implemented. In general, there is eucalyptus monoculture, with important epidemiological implications, given the fact that the spatio-temporal dynamics of the disease is affected by the distribution of the culture in the field. There is no information in the literature about the development of rust in consortium condition, such as in an agroforestry system. The aim of this study was to compare the rust progress in eucalyptus intercropped with different species, under natural infection conditions. The experiment consisted of three treatments, arranged completely randomly in space. In each treatment the eucalyptus was planted with two different species, namely: T1 - Australian Cedar (Toona ciliata) + Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) + Banana (Musa acuminata); T2 - consortium Amora (Morus celtidifolia) + Eucalyptus + Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes), and T3 - African Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) + Eucalyptus + Banana. Each treatment had six repetitions, totaling 18 plots of 9 m2 (2 m x 4.5 m), arranged in alleys. Plant height and diameter, disease incidence and severity were analyzed every fifteen days. The data were collected in two different moments: pre-pruning that was in the period from 08/17/2018 to 09/01/2019 and post-pruning that occurred from 17/04/2019 to 08/13/2019. We used ANOVA followed by the Tukey test, to evaluate differences among treatments. Eucalyptus presented better development in height and diameter in the T2 treatment. The intensity of disease was also significantly lower in T2, both in incidence and severity. The results suggested that the eucalyptus planted in consortium with Amora + Eucalyptus + Pupunha provided less rust intensity.
Obtenção de mantas de poli (ácido lático) por fiação por sopro em solução e sua caracterização para uso em sistemas de microfiltração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Azerêdo, Marina Soares de; Marconcini, José Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0424553161533796
In order to remediate the difficulty of access to safe drinking water by 1/3 of the world population and the need to use new processes for obtaining materials, membranes produced by solution blow spinning (SBS) have a great potential for use in liquid filtration due to their small pores (0,2 to 10 µm) and high porosity (>80%), being capable of retaining particles and even microorganisms. In this context, the objective of this work was the production and characterization of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) mats obtained by SBS technique to be morphologically, thermally and mechanically evaluated, as well as to observe their water flux and rejection / retention properties. First, the concentrations of 10 and 16% w/v of PLA/dichloromethane solution were selected due to being the limit concentrations of the semi-diluted regime. Then, process parameters such as injection rate and air pressure were selected from an experimental design of type 23, where the effect of these properties and the solution concentration on the fiber diameters was observed. The non-woven mats produced were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), tensile testing, water flux and rejection performance of alumina particles and retention of E. coli bacteria. It was observed that the lower concentration of polymeric solution led to the obtention of mats with smaller average fiber diameter, greater crystallinity, impacting on their greater tensile strength. The results of water flux showed that the mats obtained from the solution with higher polymer concentration had less resistance to the water flow, being an indication of larger pore diameters. In rejection tests of alumina particles and retention of bacteria, both types of mats had similar performances, with ~34% of rejection of alumina particles and 7% of retention of bacteria. Therefore, this work correlated structure-processing-properties in liquid filtration of PLA mats obtained by the promising technique of solution blow spinning, which presents a series of advantages over the common techniques to obtain nanofibrous membranes.
Adição de resíduo de casca de eucalipto em matriz de pvc com diferentes concentrações e tamanhos: caracterização do resíduo e do compósito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Scapolio, Luiz Guilherme Barbin; Leão, Alcides Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9554636745216452; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8128433828055692
Brazil is the largest producer of short fiber cellulose worldwide, mainly obtained from eucalyptus, which is a fast-growing tree. Due to this high production of cellulose, large amounts of eucalyptus bark residues (EBR) are generated, which, because it is a low-cost material, was chosen as the theme of this work, verifying the possibility of using, adding value to it. Thus, the influence of the addition of ground EBR with different sizes of granulometry - between 75μm and 250μm and between 300μm to 850μm - was evaluated as a load in a PVC matrix in the range of 10 to 40 phr, aiming to obtain composites known as plastic wood. The processing method used was calendering, followed by hot pressing. To understand the residue, chemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and length-by-diameter (L/D) tests were performed. With the composite were carried out tests of density, tensile, flexural, impact, heat deflection temperature (HDT), moisture absorption and SEM of the fracture tensioned samples. Acicular and irregular shapes were observed in the fillers, as well as the presence of calcium oxalate. In relation to composites, improvements were obtained for the tensile and flexural modulus with the increase in the amount of filler added, wherein the fibers of smaller particle size showed a small positive difference in relation to those of larger particle sizes, however there was a decrease in elongation at break and impact resistance. With SEM it was possible to verify the detachment and pull-out of the fibers in tensile, showing their low adhesion to the matrix. Thus, the use of EBR proved to be possible, however, adjustments in the processing are still necessary to reach the proper properties, investigating the effects of compatibilizers and aging on the composite.
Desenvolvimento de metodologias de divulgação científica por meio de pesquisa e produção de mangás
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-27) Iwata, Adriana Yumi; Lupetti, Karina Omuro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0857992716549884
Science communication can be defined as any practice that proposes to spread the science to the public, with the purpose of arousing interest and motivation in science, as well as informing and disseminating scientific knowledge. This work did an analysis of the state of the art in the production of comic books that introduce scientific topics – science comics - and its reach as entertainment and information media, as well as discussing its potential to teach and /or disseminate science. The objectives of this work were the elaboration and analysis of science communication methodologies involving the use of comics, especially using the Japanese sequential art - manga. The methodology used comprised a series of non-formal activities divided into two lines of research: production of comic books made by the researcher and production of comics by the public, and the scientific theme used in these comics produced focused on the theme of glass. The results obtained showed the potential of comic books as a tool for science communication, both as reading material as an activity that promotes creativity and the development of stories, and the research was successful in developing and validating a methodology using comics as a tool for science communication, using glass as a scientific theme. Activities involving science and art has the possibility to increase the interest of the general public regarding scientific subjects, presenting the science in a different and playful way.