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Remoção de fósforo em efluente por meio de adsorção em bentonita modificada, TechPhos®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-28)
Assis Abilio, Monica Cristina de
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Fadini, Pedro Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3255060531838427
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3321946521824323
Most of the human activities that use water produce effluents which can contain large amounts of contaminants, such as organic matter, nitrogen compounds, phosphates and metals. In developing countries, the vast majority of wastewater is discharged directly into the environment, without any kind of treatment. In Brazil, usually wastewater treatment plants perform only the primary and secondary stages and do not apply technologies to remove nitrogenous and phosphate compounds from their effluents. High concentrations of these compounds in the water bodies can cause damage to the aquatic life, especially phosphorus, the main responsible for eutrophication processes. Phosphorus is essential for the development of living organisms and is also used in a large scale for soil fertilization and world food production. Phosphorus used to manufacture fertilizers are extracted from phosphate rocks, which are non-renewable sources of this nutrient. The aim of this research is to investigate the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant Monjolinho of São Carlos city (WWTP Monjolinho), for the purpose of improving the quality of the effluent, protecting aquatic life and to propitiate an alternative of reusing this phosphorus for soil fertilization and plants nutrition. Phosphorus removal strategies were evaluated by struvite precipitation, precipitation as calcium orthophosphates and finally adsorption on a modified mineral clay (modified bentonite). Important parameters in the struvite crystallization process were evaluated, such as pH, concentration of constituent ions, agitation gradient and induction time, however the process proved to be unfeasible, because none struvite crystallization was observed. In the precipitation study of calcium orthophosphates, different pH values were carried out and evaluated, using a calcium source, also unsuccessful in the precipitation processes. Jartest tests were also performed with a mineral clay modified for phosphorus adsorption, and in combination with the application of polymer and polyaluminium chloride (PAC). From the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm studies, the process proved to be favorable, obtaining a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.08 mg P g-1 of adsorbent. In view of the results, the feasibility of using modified bentonite for the removal of phosphate compounds in effluent was observed, with phosphorus removal of up to 97% in combination with PAC, thus obtaining an optimized condition for the removal of phosphorus in the effluent of WWTP Monjolinho.
Descrevendo regiões de imagens através de redes neurais profundas e abstract meaning representation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-28)
Almeida Neto, Antonio Manoel dos Santos
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Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
The world around us is composed of images that often need to be translated into words. This translation can take place in parts, converting regions of the image into textual descriptions. The description of the region of an image is the transformation of the information contained in this area into words in natural language, to express the way objects relate to each other. Recently, computational models that seek to perform this task in a similar way to human beings are being proposed, mainly using deep neural networks. As a way to improve the quality of the sentences produced by one of these models, this work verified the employability of the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) semantic representation in the generation of descriptions for image regions. AMR was investigated as representation formalism, as an alternative to natural language, using it with some variations, so that the machine learning model, using deep neural networks, was able to predict sentences in such representation. The hypothesis of this study, that the use of sentences in the form of AMR would result in better descriptions, was partially confirmed, since the model trained with AMR was superior in almost all evaluations.
Diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de empreendimentos do tipo Student Housing: análise dos novos produtos e necessidades dos estudantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-28)
Muller, Hyago Maurício Bremm
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Marques Neto, José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2392932422695163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9498771534702374
Student housing was discussed in the literature under the aspects of residential preference and satisfaction; inducing factors of behavior and demand in the real estate market; and influencing variables in choosing the habitation. However, the works that approach topics about real estate meant for students and the new products of the Brazilian real estate market, specifically the ones named Student Housing, are scarce. The problems related to the supply of real estate meant for students in Brazil, mainly in university towns, are directly linked to the low quality of the built environment and the absence of researches that identify the students’ needs. As a solution, there is the Student Housing model, which emerges in an innovative way, once it is concerned about the quality of the built environment, offers equipped and furnished rooms, presents a diversity of services and conveniences, and also provides a complete internal infrastructure for studies, physical activities, leisure and entertainment. However, in order to become competitive in the Real Estate sector, being able to generate income and keep it viable during the operation period, innovating is not enough, it is necessary to capture value, identifying which factors are really important for the target audience. In this context, the present work proposed, initially, through a comparative study of seven Student Housing real states, to investigate the main characteristics of this product model. Such information, added to the bibliographic review of the literature, allowed the exploration, through a survey, of university students’ opinion about the importance of four preestablished requirements (rent, location, services and facilities, and project). Moreover, the preference in the choice for a housing unit through the conjoint analysis technique was also examined, a technique used to correlate typology, number of occupants, and rent prices. The results pointed out that students consider it is very important that their habitations are located near the higher education institution and supermarkets, and present easy access to public transportation. They also indicated that the real estates must offer flexible (shorter) rental agreements; no guarantor/security deposit, a single bill (all inclusive) and also common areas which meet their needs, such as: study room; gym/fitness area; areas for parties with barbecue grills; social area/solarium/garden; private areas with individual bedrooms and bathrooms; private dining room/kitchen with furniture and equipment (kitchenware and appliances). Other important factors are the offer of Wi-Fi internet services in the unit (private area); reception (24/7); cleaning and maintenance of the unit (private area); minimarket/snacks; laundry services; and photocopies and printing services. Finally, the results of the conjoint analysis showed typology as the most important attribute compared to the number of occupants and rent price. Moreover, the results also showed that there is a higher attractiveness for one type of housing unit: standard apartments, projected for individual occupation and with a rent price interval ranging from R$1.100,00 to R$1.700,00. Based on that, fourteen guidelines were suggested to orient the student real estate market agents in the development of their products.
Estudo do crescimento de nanocristais de TiO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-29)
Moura, Bruno Rodrigues de
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6463354407273176
STUDY GROWTH OF TiO2 NANOCRYSTALS In the last three decades, the development of nanotechnology has become a reality in many areas of industry and science, already reaching applications in society in sectors such as: health, information technology, transport, energy, food security and the environment. Despite all the research work already done, there are still gaps, mainly in the process of growth and morphology of nanocrystals. Such knowledge is essential for the nanostructures to present the expected gains in optical, mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties, such characteristics are directly dependent on the shape and size of the nanostructures. The processes of nucleation and crystal growth have been studied since the beginning of the 20th century, with the most accepted mechanism for explaining this phenomenon the Ostwald ripening process, where the largest particles grow at the expense of the smallest ones. However, this proposed model does not explain the growth observed in many nanocrystal syntheses. In 1998, Penn and Banfield, proposed a new growth model called oriented attachement, where growth is described as a kind of self-assembly of close crystals when the collision occurs between the faces of these crystals, being these on the same crystallographic orientation. Since then, much effort has been made to better understand the oriented attachment mechanism. In this context, the objective of this work was to study and control the growth process of nanocrystals, using TiO2 nanocrystals as a model, employing a solvent-controlled solvothermal synthesis route, using a titanium alkoxide and oleic acid as a precursor for obtaining nanocrystals. Parameters such as concentration and synthesis time were evaluated, using the techniques of characterization of transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the results. The hypothesis that led this study was to verify whether it is possible to grow nanocrystals outside the reaction medium of synthesis. In this work, the results achieved will be presented, with emphasis on the influence of morphology on the stability of TiO2 nanocrystals when exposed to radiation, the growth observed by side-by-side oriented attachment and the growth of nanocrystals after the reaction step in reaction medium different from the initial.
Learning trajectories visualizations of visual programming on the computational thinking context
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-29)
Vieira, José Michel Fogaça
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Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8526887772689607
The ever growing importance of computers and their use created a need for the teaching of computational thinking. In order to better analyze the learning process of the students, teachers and researches often resort to alternative ways of teaching and analysis like visual programming and learning trajectories. Learning trajectories are the steps or paths the students follow as they learn. The task of analyzing the learning trajectories falls upon the area of information visualization. This field of knowledge and research aims to present and extract meaning by creating visual representations of data, the so called visualizations. In this context, this work objective is to propose new literature based and interactive intensive visualizations to represent learning trajectories in order to further enhance the computational thinking learning process by helping teachers to analyze student's learning trajectories. A usability evaluation was conducted with the participation of 23 elementary school teachers and gathered their understanding and feedback in order to assess the usability, acceptance, effectiveness and expressiveness of the proposed visualizations with good overall results. This study contributions besides the proposed visualizations include a new way of organizing visualizations based on layers of representational and interaction aspects and the knowledge gathered about what seems to increase the effectiveness of the visualizations according to the educators perspective.
Rotas verdes para obtenção de nanocelulose em biorrefinarias: desenvolvimento de estratégias via hidrólise enzimática e com ácidos orgânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-29)
Bondancia, Thalita Jessika
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1654721179575206
The growing demand for materials from sustainable sources with potential to replace petroleum-based polymers in technological applications projects lignocellulosic biomass as a promising raw material. In this context, nanocellulose has attracted interest due to its numerous properties and functionalities. In this work, different green routes associated with the concept of biorefinery to obtain cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) and cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) in biorefineries were studied. Initially, the use of different enzymatic cocktails was investigated obtain nanocellulose from eucalyptus cellulose pulp (model material) were evaluated. The results showed that cocktails with greater activity of the enzymes xylanases and endoglucanases favored the achievement of more uniform nanometric structures. In contrast, higher glucose release was reached when the enzymatic hydrolysis was performed by complexes containing the class of polysaccharide lytic monoxygenase enzymes (LPMO), which also resulted in nanostructures with higher crystallinity levels. Another method evaluated for nanocellulose extraction was the hydrolysis with citric acid, an organic acid that can be obtained in a biorefinery concept. This approach resulted in a single-step extraction and esterification of the nanocelluloses. Also, the charged surface groups of these nanomaterials improved the colloidal stability of the suspensions in aqueous medium. Another advantage of this method was the higher thermal stability of these nanomaterials compared to those obtained by using sulfuric acid. Based on these results, the use of the enzymatic route and citric acid for sugarcane bagasse was evaluated. Initially, study involved hydrothermal treatment, organosolv followed by the sugarcane bagasse bleaching by a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide. After these treatments, the bagasse was hydrolyzed by a commercial cellulolytic cocktail in order to obtain the glucose release integrated with the production of nanostructures. The subsequent study involved the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pre-treated bagasse by the hydrothermal process, which after the release of fermentable sugars was treated by the organosolve method and successively bleached submitted. The bleached residual material was then submitted to three different acid treatments: sulfuric acid, citric acid and a mixture of both acids. In both studies, after the organosolv treatment, 55.8% of the residual lignin was recovered with the potential to be used in other applications. The enzymatic route allowed the obtention of nanostructures with high thermal stability associated with a high glucose release, which can be used in the production of ethanol, organic acids and other bioproducts. The extraction by citric acid and by using a mixture of acids resulted in a nanocellulose with high thermal stability and good colloidal stability, attributed to the presence of charged functional groups on the material surface. In addition, all methods resulted in nanocellulosic materials with a high crystallinity index. Finally, the results here obtained by using different green routes for nanocellulose production may contribute to the selection of the method according to the desired application, in order to add value to the biorefineries residues.
Symmetric and non-symmetric Jack Functions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-29)
Hindi, Felipe de Mattos Chafik
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Schützer, Waldeck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8638200922501477
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9184090304582276
The goal of this dissertation is to present the theory of Jack functions from the standpoint of algebraic combinatorics. The presentation of symmetric functions is largely centred on the first chapter of MacDonald's "Symmetric Functions and Hall's Polynomials" [7]. Symmetric and non-symmetric Jack functions are characterized by Sahi-Knop's [4] combinatorial formulas. Moreover, Stanley's Pieri-type rule [15] for symmetric Jack functions and Schützer's [13] Pieri-type rule for non-symmetric functions are thoroughly described.
Production, soil amendment and sustainability of sugarcane trash biochar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-05-29)
Nakashima, Gabriela Tami
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Yamamoto, Hiroyuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7817296537223703
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
In the past, sugarcane was harvested manually with the aid of fire to facilitate cutting. And because of the Law of the State of São Paulo n. 11,241, which establishes the end of the use of the burning, the sugarcane trash that was previously burned, today is a residue in the plantations. To add value and give a better destination to this residue, some alternatives for its use as raw material are studied. Biochar is a product of pyrolysis of biomass, rich in carbon, which has qualities as a soil conditioner. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were: to verify the best conditions (pyrolysis temperature and residence time) for biochar production of sugarcane straw and its characterization (Chapter 2), how the biodegradation of this biochar influences for carbon sequestration (Chapter 3) and check the development of sugarcane seedlings with the addition of percentages of biochar in soil (Chapter 4). To verify the best conditions for biochar production (Chapter 2), 6 treatments with 3 different pyrolysis temperatures and 2 residence times were chosen: 200 °C - 2 hours, 200 °C - 4 hours, 325 °C - 2 hours, 325 °C - 4 hours, 450 °C - 2 hours, 450 ° C - 4 hours. The treatments were submitted to proximate analysis, gravimetric yield, porosity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and hydrophobicity test. For biochar biodegradation (Chapter 3), the treatments were: sugarcane straw in natura, 200 °C - 2 hours, 325 °C - 2 hours, 450 °C - 2 hours. These biochars were characterized by their elemental composition (C - carbon, H - hydrogen, N - nitrogen). The biochar (6.3 g/flask) was incubated in 4 flasks by treatment with characterized soil. The quantification of the gases (CH4, CO2, NO2) was performed to verify the influence of biochar on carbon sequestration will occur in a period of 85 days, one sampling per week. For pot experiment (Chapter 4), the biochar produced at 330 °C - 1 hour was mixed to the soil in different application rates: 0 t ha- 1, 1 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, 30 t ha-1. It was installed 15 plots per dosage/treatment, totalizing 150 plants. Height and diameter measurements were collected every 20 days for 257 days. At the end of the pot experiment it was obtained the dry mass of the aerial part and roots. The soil used was analyzed chemically before and after the pot experiment. The results of the characterization of the biochar produced by Chapter 2, showed that the pyrolysis temperature was a factor that has more influence on the final characteristics of the biochar than the residence time. In Chapter 3, it was observed that the highest rates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were released by treatments with in natura and with biochar 200 ° C, with treatments at 325 °C and 450 °C being more stable and resistant to biodegradation. In Chapter 4, the incorporation of biochar did not result in improvements in the growth of sugarcane but did influence the increase in the pH of the soil. In general, the 325 °C biochar with 2 hours of residence time showed enough results for its application to the soil. Biochar has also proved to be a viable alternative for reducing GHG emissions.
As cirurgias espirituais no contexto espírita paulista e a edificação hospitalar do Instituto Medicina do Além
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-01)
Ferreira, Sérgio Baetta
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Souza, André Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4123200507394680
Health treatments performed with doctrinal assimilation, the imposition of hands and magnetized water play a central role in spiritism and are recommended by the spiritist Federations to the affiliated centers. Regarding the spiritist therapeutics, there are also "spiritual or mediumistic surgeries", which are considered controversial in the spiritist scenario due to the questionable trajectory of some of the people dedicated to it and the accusations of charlatanism associated with such practice. This dissertation highlights the activities carried out at the Instituto de Medicina do Além (IMA), which is headed by the medium João Berbel. The institution located in the city of Franca, countryside of São Paulo, performs mediumistic surgery and, besides making it clear that this practice is complementary to the traditional medicine, they are also building a conventional hospital. Thus, this research analyzes the leaders’ guidelines in São Paulo’s spiritist partition, which is linked to the União das Sociedades Espíritas (USE) and to the Associação Médico-Espírita, about the practice of spiritual surgery performed by the medium João Berbel and investigates how the process of institutionalization of the Hospital of Charity can re-signify the dilemma that permeates this practice. We seek to understand how the Spiritist movement sees the spiritual surgery, especially highlighting the degree of acceptance and rejection of this practice. A fieldwork was carried out at the Instituto de Medicina do Além (IMA), between 2017 and 2020. To achieve the goals of this research, in addition to the fieldwork, we summarized the most important mediums of the 20th century and explained how the practice of surgery became a controversy in the Spiritist milieu. We based our studies on the Weberian theory of rationalization of the spheres of value (WEBER, 1982, 2000b) - in this case, the religious one - and the theory developed by Pierre Bourdieu on the notion of field and religious work (BOURDIEU, 1984). We investigate how the "mediumistic surgery" is performed by João Berbel – the medium ahead of the IMA. We examine the speeches that refer to the acceptance or rejection of this practice in the Spiritist milieu and if there is resistance how people demonstrate it; moreover, we show how these leaders see the construction of the hospital; finally, we seek to understand how the interaction between spiritual treatments and palliative medicine happens and what are the difficulties faced by the institution to consolidate the hospital project. The field research revealed a certain dilemma in the Spiritist milieu regarding the ‘surgical’ practice, on one hand the statement of the members of USE points to a certain reservation with regard to the practice, especially due to the idea of karma, on the other hand the AME leaders do not mention the notion of karma and its members recognize the practice as a recommendable complementary therapy. In addition to that, the medical professionals who work together with the president of the AME-Regional Franca in the implementation of the hospital unit, reinforce the recognition of the practice in the Spiritist religious field.
Morfologia da copa e crescimento de espécies arbóreas de cerrado em campo e em câmaras de topo aberto sob elevada concentração de CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-01)
Melo, Nayara Magry Jesus
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Souza, João Paulo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366723862615278
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Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
The Cerrado is a vegetation complex marked by climatic seasonality. It is savanna vegetation with the highest biodiversity in the world, the second-largest biome complex in South America, and the most significant hotspot in the Western Hemisphere. The degree of leaf deciduousness (deciduous, semideciduous, and evergreen) grouped Cerrado woody species. The intensity of the loss of foliage area is part of a strategy to cope with climatic seasonality in the Cerrado. Leaf deciduousness is interdependently related to other canopy characteristics such as architecture, branching pattern and bud content. On the other hand, there are significant differences in the responses of the canopy between woody species in the Cerrado to climate changes on our planet, such as the high concentration of CO2 [CO2]. One aim was to identify relationships between the content and development of aerial buds with the pattern of crown biomass allocation and seasonality. Another objective was to capture the influence of the elevation of [CO2] on the growth of Cerrado tree species in the initial growth phase. Through the following relationships, we seek to disclose possible functional groups of trees. We determined: (1) the composition and development of the aerial buds in 15 trees species with different patterns of leaf deciduity and relationship between bud development and climatic seasonality. (2) branch growth, leaf life span, and branching pattern in 15 trees species with distinct leaf deciduous patterns. (3) the influence of high atmospheric [CO2] and the vegetative growth and the allocation pattern biomass into roots, stems, and leaves of five tree species. The central hypothesis is that the permanence of the foliage would be a characteristic related to the structure of the crown evidenced by the morphological characteristics of shoots, the content of buds, and the responses of the species to the climatic changes. The deciduous species presented buds with preformed leaves surrounded by cataphylls and bud opening before the rainy season. The semideciduous ones presented buds with pre and neoformation of leaves. Only the semideciduous Eriotheca gracilipes K. Schum. had buds surrounded by cataphylls. The evergreen species showed buds with newly formed leaves, without the presence of cataphylls and bud opening after the beginning of the rainy season. The deciduous species presented plagiotropic branches with an of 35º. The majority of semideciduous and evergreen tree species had orthotropic branches with 60º and 61º, respectively. The deciduous species showed higher (p<0.05) speed of leaf expansion and shorter time of leaf and branch development concerning semideciduous and evergreen species. The leaf life span did not differ between the phenological groups. All deciduous, semideciduous, and evergreen species Miconia ligustroides (DC.) Naudin, Myrcia bella (Cambess.), Piptocarpha rotundifolia (Less.), and Schefflera macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Seem. produced one branch order in growing season. Only evergreen Miconia albicans (Sw.) edified two orders of branching in the same growing season. Individuals of deciduous species Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) e Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth & Hook. F. ex. Moore under high [CO2] showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in dry mass of leaves and stem in relation to individuals under [CO2] ambient. Only deciduous T. aurea under high [CO2] showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the relative growth rate. The species T. aurea (deciduous), Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. (semideciduous) and Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. Ex Hayne. (evergreen) under high [CO2] showed shorter leaf expansion time and more prominent leaf expansion speed (except for H. stigonocarpa) about individuals under [CO2] ambient. The tree species groups were joited by bud pre-formation or neoformation, synchronic or continuous leaf producion, and plagiotropic or orthotropic shoots. It indicated the existence of at least three functional groups of tree species with different strategies for acquiring airspace. The increase in [CO2] made it possible to capture different strategies for capturing and using resources in the phenological groups, thus forming functional groups in Cerrado tree species.
Reforma do Ensino Médio: o debate da audiência pública - região Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-02)
Zago, Mayara Amanda Pratta
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Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3208435983286140
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7748982480463709
The object of this research is the public hearing on the third version of the National Common Curricular Base - a document whose objective is to guide the school curriculum of basic education - held in Florianópolis, in May 2018. Since 2015, public hearings to discuss this Base were being held in many regions of Brazil. The research objective is aimed at understanding the conflict settled between the positioning of the parts concerning the transformation in the Brazilian educational system, which was established in 2016. The whole year was marked by ruptures and changes, but one, the Reform in High School, among so many, became the subject of debates, protests, and occupations - especially because it was an act enacted by a Provisional Measure. The theoretical perspective used goes through Bourdieu to think about dispositions, disputes, and the role of the school institution, and also Thompson to think about social conflict. To achieve the research objective, it was necessary to transcribe the audience's video for reading and analysis of the participants' positions. There was also a historical retrospective of education in Brazil, and a historical retrospective of the creation of the institutions that participated in the audience. This path made it possible to relate provisions to the content of the debate and to identify aspects of the reform that can be compared to other events in the history of our country. Even though the establishment of the Base may mean the defeat of a significant part of the positions expressed in the debate, the verbalization of divergences, contradictions, and the experience of a democratic space thus constructed are indelibly integrated, through experience, to the construction of identity.
Estudo das tendências e desenvolvimentos tecnológicos do carro elétrico no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-02)
Schiavi, Marcela Taiane
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5591696083420228
The present work has the purpose of conducting a survey of the studies on science and technology indicators of the automobile industry in relation to the electric car theme. It sought to analyze the monitoring of this market with Brazil as its central focus, however showing the market for this industry in other countries. For this, a typology was used in databases aimed at scientific articles, theses and dissertations and patents. Through the data of scientific indicators it was possible to analyze the current scenario, the trends, the future perspectives, key actors participating in the technological development process and to present the companies in their national and international scope. Some steps were necessary to carry out the entire process, namely: 1) a bibliographic survey where concepts and theories that involved this entire study are presented; 2) a survey of the patent database, where it was possible to analyze data on the development of the electric car in Brazil and other countries; 3) a survey of scientific articles and theses and dissertations that deal with the electric car and, consequently, analyze what has been studied on the subject, which countries publish more, among other analyzes and; 4) the last stage of this study focused on mapping the technological monitoring of the electric car in the country compared to other countries and analyzing the data obtained. The scenario of the automobile industry has been changing in recent years, giving less emphasis to the traditional combustion car and adopting the electric car as one of the options for sustainable mobility for society. In this research, a descriptive approach was used, since the study presents specific procedures for the elaboration and analysis of Science and Technology (S&T) indicators, structuring an overview of the trends and perspectives of the electric car in Brazil and in the world. Data collection was performed in the databases of the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations on the Web of Science (WoS) and the Derwent Innovation Index (DII). From the results, it is emphasized that China is the largest producer of scientific publications in the world in relation to the electric car. Brazil, compared to other countries, has very few publications on the subject. As far as patent documents are concerned, we have only 2,115 registrations in the country so far, with Toyota holding the largest number, showing the need to reassess the country's concepts in relation to its priorities in this area.
A epistemologia de Ludwik Fleck aplicada á educação: a escola e seu papel na perspectivados atores do processo de ensino/aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-02)
Oliveira, Everton Bezerra de
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7958553463104763
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7958553463104763
The present work is a synthesis of the analysis of bibliographic material, qualitative research and reflection in the light of the critical pedagogy of discourse and educational practice in two public schools of basic education in the city of Sorocaba, SP. It aims to present the important contributions of the Polish physician and philosopher Ludwik Fleck (1896: 2010) through the systematic application of some of the epistemological assumptions he structured in the work Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (1935) and inaugurating the Sociology of Science. It also seeks to contribute to the understanding of the contradictions of the school space that affect the routine of teaching work and, consequently, the teaching / learning process, having as a central reference the prepositives of Paulo Freire who in several works defends and presents Education as a social and collective character. The collection method and the analysis of the results are based on qualitative research, focusing on school culture seeking to verify the existence of collectives and styles of thought, the interaction of ideas between esoteric and exoteric circles and from this analysis understand the perception of teachers and students on the social role of the school in the pedagogical dimension. Therefore, it was concluded that the present work contributes to the personal development of the author in his speech, his professional and pedagogical practice, of the academic community by appropriating the ideas and concepts shared here, as well as of the entire school community (teaching students and others actors in the educational process).
Análise da predição da violência infantil por meio de árvores de decisão e regras de associação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-02)
Silva Osses, Aníbal Tomás
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1307868061359003
According to the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), currently around 300 million children around the world suffer from various types of abuse, including: psychological, physical, sexual or negligence. Considering the severity of the problem, the analysis gets more difficult given elements such as: the existence of different definitions of violence used for different contexts, without patterns that ease the study; determine the type of abuse that's happening in each case, being more than one; victims reports and official abuse statistics not always have the expected quality; among others. It should even be noted that, while collecting data, the fact that most of the time the only people that are aware of the abuse situation are the children and their agressors, rendering the situation invisible and making the abuse's prevention a much more difficult task. The aim of this work is to generate and evaluate models based on machine learning techniques that can estimate in which cases a situation of child abuse is currently happening or it could happen, via models represented by rules easily understandable by humans. The scientific method utilized in this project is ex-post-facto based on two structured datasets, one supervised and the other unsupervised, both built by Chilean organizations and that possess numeric and categorical attributes. Feature selection techniques were applied in order to work with the most relevant elements, and then use the C4.5 and Apriori algorithms on each dataset respectively. The first one was evaluated with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall curves, and the second one with the lift, conviction and leverage metrics. About the results, for the classification technique were built models with performances close to 0.9 for each metric; and for the association rules, in all executions the sentences found have higher values than the thresholds that define the implication between their antecedents and consequents.
Impactos do tipo de manejo de plantas invasoras nos microrganismos do solo em plantio de restauração florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-03)
Parré, Fernando Martins
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Loiola, Priscilla de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691455603546958
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Monquero, Patricia Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455
The impact of invasive species management in forest restoration systems affects the communities of microorganisms in the soil and litter. They are fundamental for carrying out ecosystem functions, which guarantee the regeneration and functioning of ecosystems. The objective of this research was to test whether there was a difference between the quantity and activity of soil microorganism communities in the mechanical and chemical treatments of invasive plants in a forest restoration plantation, comparing them with each other and with a forest restoration plantation, over 11 months. We performed soil and litter collections in a restoration plantation submitted to two invasive plant management treatments: mechanical control (brushcutter) and chemical control (periodic use of glyphosate and clethodim), and in a forest fragment. We carried out analyzes of soil microbial carbon biomass (BMC) and basal soil respiration (RBS), calculated the soil metabolic coefficient (qCO2) and quantified the soil microorganisms using qPCR in real time. To measure the litter decomposition´s rate, we installed litter bags that were evaluated for 11 months. Through analysis of variance, t tests and mixed models, we verified that there is a difference between the areas subjected to mechanical or chemical control of invasive plants and that these areas differ, in some situations, from the preserved forest. In the restoration areas, there was an initial peak of activity in the soil microorganism communities, in response to the disturbance caused by the managements. In the qPCR analysis, the amount of bacteria in the soil was lower in chemical treatment than in mechanical treatment. The peak of activity in response to treatment was less pronounced for mechanical treatment compared to chemical treatment, analyzing the RBS, BMC and qCO2 curves. Twenty days after both treatments, there was a decrease in indicative variables of microbial activity in the soil. The mechanical treatment indicated rebalancing of the activity curves in mean values above zero at the end of the study, while the chemical treatment, which also showed this tendency to rebalance the curves, had mean values close to zero, indicating almost inactivity of the community at the end of the same period. These results indicate that chemical treatment was harmful to soil microbiological communities in the long term, with mechanical treatment ending with values more similar to those of the forest fragment. The decomposition rates of the mechanical treatment and the fragment were similar. The chemical treatment ended with the lowest volume of litter decomposed in the studied period. The chemical management of invasive plants was harmful to soil microorganism communities, leading to a lower decomposition rate. Thus, the use of mechanical management of invasive plants is less aggressive to soil microbial communities and positively influences the speed of soil biota regeneration, promoting forest restoration more efficiently.
Os impactos socioeconômicos da prática de atividades físicas no Brasil: uma análise sobre renda e defasagem idade-série.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-03)
Davinha, Ana Helena Nallin
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Ferro, Andrea Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3432809140419477
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7003656891869538
The practice of physical activities has become a source of ample debates both in the academic environment and in the daily life of individuals, with respect to their benefits to physical and mental health. Despite this, little has been discussed in these two spheres regarding the socioeconomic impacts of physical activity practice. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the practice of physical activities as an economic problem, insofar as it affects the health and quality of life (well-being) of individuals, consequently causing impacts on their productivity and ability to earn income. For adults (those between 18 and 65 years old), we analysed the relationship between physical activity practice and individual income earning. As for school-aged individuals (adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years old), as physical activity, besides being included in the school hours, also impacts their physical and metal well-being, we analysed the impacts of the practice of physical activities on the academic performance of adolescents, that is, on their age-grade gap. In order to do so, the statistical-econometric methodology was used as a way of analyzing and evaluating these relations, using the Heckman equation for income and count data models for the age-grade gap. The results on income show that physical activity practice (PAP) not only can lead to positive impacts on the individuals' health stock, but can also affect their income earnings, becoming a socioeconomic issue that affects the quality of life of individuals through many means. Thus, we find that the practice of any kind of physical activity out of the work hours increases the individual’s income earnings by 10.2% (IV-Probit IV-GMM) to 12.3% (BP IV-GMM), on average. This result was obtained while controlling the estimations for selection bias and for the presence of endogeneity between PAP and the individual's occupational situation and income. These PAP impacts vary across sexes and throughout age groups, so that PAP displays greater impacts on men’s income earnings, and an inverted U-shaped behavior across age groups, similar to the very impacts of age and experience on income (MINCER, 1958; SCHULTZ, 1961). As for the age-grade gap, the effects of PAP on the academic performance of adolescents were quite different for boys and girls: while, for the girls, the fact of participating on out-of-school hours PAP reduces their age-grade gap by 24.8%, or 0.281 years (around 3.4 months), on average, for the boys, the PAP was, in most cases, statistically zero in terms of affecting AGG. Even more, considering exclusively those boys regularly attending school, the NBRM MEs point out to a positive effect of participating on PAP on their age-grade gap, so that it negatively affects the academic performance of these boys.
Perspectiva materna sobre variáveis familiares e serviços oferecidos aos filhos com síndrome de Down e/ou autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-03)
Spinazola, Cariza de Cássia
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Cia, Fabiana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0508285970778426
This research was divided into two studies, the aims of these studies are: 1: (a) identifying and comparing the needs, the social support and the parent satisfaction of preschool children aged zero to six and elementary school aged six to nine with Down´s syndrome and autism; (b) identifying and comparing the family system of preschool children aged zero to six and of elementary school aged six to nine with Down´s syndrome or autism; (c) describing and comparing the families opinion about the services offered to their preschool children from zero to six years old with Down´s syndrome and (d) correlating the variables. The aim of study 2 was: to identify and compare the needs, the social support and the parental satisfaction of children with Down´s syndrome or autism. The mothers were divided into two groups, G1 (EI) consisting of 20 mothers of children with Down´s syndrome or autism matriculated in early childhood education and G2 (EF) mothers of children with Down´s syndrome or autism matriculated in elementary school until the third year. Contact with the mothers through five municipal schools for early childhood and elementary school and three groups for the families. The tools used in this study were: Family system characterization questionnaire, Family needs questionnaire, Social support questionnaire, Parental satisfaction questionnaire and a semi-structured interview script. The data collected were quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data were used to make a comparison between the groups using the t-test, and the qualitative data were analyzed though elaboration of categories. It was used Person´s correlation test to correlate the quantitative data. Correspondingly, the comparison between the groups demonstrated that G1 (EI) showed higher information requirements on how to deal with their children, a greater number of people to count on a higher level of satisfaction with the support received. G2 (EF) showed greater need for time to speak with the children´s therapists and teachers. When it comes to school services, in both groups there are still children who do not receive special education assistance and, in most cases, the school does not accomplish referrals to public services or answer parents´ questions. In terms of support networks, both groups indicated the need for specialized professionals and financial backing. For services, most mothers appeal to private institutions or/and associate public and private. It was also related as a positive point in the majority of attention and the manner professionals deal with children at school. When comparing study 2, it was demonstrated that mothers of children with DS, in comparison with the mothers of children with autism, presented a greater need for information about the way the child grows and develops. Still, the mothers of children with autism had needs in issues involving explaining their children´s situation and paying expenses for therapists and other services. The data highlight the importance of more effective support networks for families of children matriculated in public school system and provide relevant subsides for public policies, programs and actions, especially at the municipal level.
Paleobiology of the Itajaí Basin (Ediacaran, Santa Catarina, Brazil): evolutionary, paleoecological and taphonomical implications
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-04)
Becker Kerber, Bruno
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Paim, Paulo Sergio Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8591350653509881
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Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3481327026891705
New studies on the geologic history of Earth are increasingly revealing the complex relationships among evolutionary patterns, diversification of major groups, and environmental changes. In the fossil record of the Ediacaran Period (635–541 Ma), the appearance of macroscopically complex organisms and animals resulted in major modifications in the environment, setting the stage for the subsequent “Cambrian explosion” and the development of Phanerozoic-style ecosystems. The Ediacaran biota can be found in several localities throughout the world, and researchers on this subject are able now to divide it in mainly three Assemblages: Avalon, White Sea and Nama. Compared to other deposits around the world, studies on South American Ediacaran fossils are still in their early stages, but already show a great potential to understand the evolution of early complex life. In this context, this work aimed to investigate the taxonomy, taphonomy and age of the poorly known fossils from the Itajaí Basin (Santa Catarina, southern Brazil), as well as its relationships to other coeval fossiliferous strata. For that, a multi-approach investigation was conducted, using diverse techniques, such as: stereomicroscopic investigation; petrography; U/Pb radiometric dating (SHRIMP); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS); computerized microtomography (µCT); and Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The results of this work are presented here in three main published and/or submitted articles regarding: [I] the description of the Itajaí Biota and its age; [II] the taphonomic characteristics of the ‘Ediacaran-style’ preservation at the Itajaí Basin; and [III] the nature of microbial filaments. In Article 1, it is reported the presence of Ediacaran soft-bodied organisms, such as Palaeopascichnus, discoidal forms (Aspidella and Nimbia), as well as abundant microbial mat features (e.g., reticulated tufts, Arumberia, and wrinkles). Moreover, the age of the Itajaí Basin is further constrained by U/Pb radiometric dating of volcanic tuffs, giving a depositional age ca. 563 Ma and setting this Ediacaran biota as one of the oldest in Gondwana. In Article 2, it is presented a detailed investigation on the microbial filaments and their possible affinities with giant filamentous sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, such as the modern Beggiatoa. This has great implications for understanding the biotic and geochemical context during Ediacaran times. In Article 3, it is provided a model to the fossilization mechanisms of the Itajaí Basin, in which the micro and macrofossils would have been preserved by volcanic and microbial activity. This work shows for the first time robust evidences for the role of clay authigenesis in the early diagenesis of fossils. In sum, this thesis provides a comprehensive take on the paleobiology, taphonomy, and age of the Ediacaran Itajaí Biota, showing that these deposits are of key importance in studies on early macroscopic complex lifeforms of the fossil record.
Análise físico-química, compostos fenólicos, capacidade antioxidante, carotenoides totais e vitamina c da polpa, casca e semente da fruta gabiroba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-05)
Pasquotto, Ieda
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Mello, Beatriz Camargo Barros de Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0561319136884757
Gabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa) is a fruit of the Myrtaceae family, native to the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian cerrado. It is widely used in folk medicine and consumed fresh in the form of liquors and juices. This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical composition and some biochemical properties of gabiroba proven in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The fruits were harvested in the city of Campina do Monte Alegre (SP) manually and randomly. Physicochemical analyzes, proximate composition of the different parts of the fruits (peel, pulp and seed) were carried out and the extracts obtained by shaking and ultrasound were analyzed in relation to their content of total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity. Their physical and chemical characteristics of the fractions were evaluated for the parameters longitudinal and transverse diameter (mm), mass (g) and pulp yield (%). For the preparation of the samples, the fruits were selected, sanitized, separated, crushed and frozen and they were evaluated for the levels of chemical composition and bioactive compounds. Regarding the proximate composition, the fractions showed high levels of moisture and fibers and the results showed high levels of phenolic compounds and vitamin C in addition to high antioxidant capacity, demonstrating the great potential of the fruit to be marketed and consumed in different ways.
Desenvolvimento de visibilidade na cadeia de suprimentos: um modelo conceitual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-05)
Gallo, Igor Sant'Ana
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Silva, Andrea Lago da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380499339281186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6593833743474046
The increasing dynamism and environment complexity demand more responsive supply chains, but the technology development allowed companies to take full advantage of supply chain visibility to cope with sudden changes. To develop visibility, it is necessary to identify which information the company should exchange and what factors might impact its value. This research proposes the term visibility dimension to refer to the type of information that can be exchanged to improve supply chain visibility and influential characteristics to organization’s social and operating characteristics that can influence the value of a certain visibility dimension. Through the lenses of Contingency Theory and Social Capital Theory, this research presents how influential characteristics impact the development of supply chain visibility. The fit between the visibility dimensions and categories of influential characteristics is defined as visibility configurations. To do so, a systematic literature review was performed to identify the main dimensions, categories of characteristics, and links between a type of information and an influential characteristic. The second part of this project followed a Q-sort method to test if the characteristics and types of information were correctly labeled into the categories of characteristics and visibility dimensions, respectively. The results showed that the visibility dimensions had a high agreement between the judges, but the characteristics part did not. Although the second part of the questionnaire presented some problems, the characteristics that had low agreement could be verified through one of the theoretical lenses or past researches on the topic, so the items were theoretically validated. This research presents contributions to both practitioners and researchers. For practitioners, this research provided an actionable framework to develop visibility and provided guidelines on how to determine which visibility dimension should be developed. For the literature, this research provided two contributions. First, a formal definition of visibility dimensions, a synthesis of the approaches to develop visibility available in the literature. Second, a theory grounded analysis on how influential characteristics impact the development of supply chain visibility and propose the first version of the visibility configurations that might explain the conflicting results regarding some influential characteristics. This research was exploratory, so future researches might validate the configurations proposed and consider the impacts the categories of characteristics have on each other. Researchers should also consider the impact of the visibility dimensions on the categories to provide a more accurate picture of how influential characteristics impact the development of visibility.