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As cirurgias espirituais no contexto espírita paulista e a edificação hospitalar do Instituto Medicina do Além
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-01) Ferreira, Sérgio Baetta; Souza, André Ricardo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4123200507394680
Health treatments performed with doctrinal assimilation, the imposition of hands and magnetized water play a central role in spiritism and are recommended by the spiritist Federations to the affiliated centers. Regarding the spiritist therapeutics, there are also "spiritual or mediumistic surgeries", which are considered controversial in the spiritist scenario due to the questionable trajectory of some of the people dedicated to it and the accusations of charlatanism associated with such practice. This dissertation highlights the activities carried out at the Instituto de Medicina do Além (IMA), which is headed by the medium João Berbel. The institution located in the city of Franca, countryside of São Paulo, performs mediumistic surgery and, besides making it clear that this practice is complementary to the traditional medicine, they are also building a conventional hospital. Thus, this research analyzes the leaders’ guidelines in São Paulo’s spiritist partition, which is linked to the União das Sociedades Espíritas (USE) and to the Associação Médico-Espírita, about the practice of spiritual surgery performed by the medium João Berbel and investigates how the process of institutionalization of the Hospital of Charity can re-signify the dilemma that permeates this practice. We seek to understand how the Spiritist movement sees the spiritual surgery, especially highlighting the degree of acceptance and rejection of this practice. A fieldwork was carried out at the Instituto de Medicina do Além (IMA), between 2017 and 2020. To achieve the goals of this research, in addition to the fieldwork, we summarized the most important mediums of the 20th century and explained how the practice of surgery became a controversy in the Spiritist milieu. We based our studies on the Weberian theory of rationalization of the spheres of value (WEBER, 1982, 2000b) - in this case, the religious one - and the theory developed by Pierre Bourdieu on the notion of field and religious work (BOURDIEU, 1984). We investigate how the "mediumistic surgery" is performed by João Berbel – the medium ahead of the IMA. We examine the speeches that refer to the acceptance or rejection of this practice in the Spiritist milieu and if there is resistance how people demonstrate it; moreover, we show how these leaders see the construction of the hospital; finally, we seek to understand how the interaction between spiritual treatments and palliative medicine happens and what are the difficulties faced by the institution to consolidate the hospital project. The field research revealed a certain dilemma in the Spiritist milieu regarding the ‘surgical’ practice, on one hand the statement of the members of USE points to a certain reservation with regard to the practice, especially due to the idea of karma, on the other hand the AME leaders do not mention the notion of karma and its members recognize the practice as a recommendable complementary therapy. In addition to that, the medical professionals who work together with the president of the AME-Regional Franca in the implementation of the hospital unit, reinforce the recognition of the practice in the Spiritist religious field.
Morfologia da copa e crescimento de espécies arbóreas de cerrado em campo e em câmaras de topo aberto sob elevada concentração de CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-06-01) Melo, Nayara Magry Jesus; Souza, João Paulo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366723862615278; Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0205585964976071
The Cerrado is a vegetation complex marked by climatic seasonality. It is savanna vegetation with the highest biodiversity in the world, the second-largest biome complex in South America, and the most significant hotspot in the Western Hemisphere. The degree of leaf deciduousness (deciduous, semideciduous, and evergreen) grouped Cerrado woody species. The intensity of the loss of foliage area is part of a strategy to cope with climatic seasonality in the Cerrado. Leaf deciduousness is interdependently related to other canopy characteristics such as architecture, branching pattern and bud content. On the other hand, there are significant differences in the responses of the canopy between woody species in the Cerrado to climate changes on our planet, such as the high concentration of CO2 [CO2]. One aim was to identify relationships between the content and development of aerial buds with the pattern of crown biomass allocation and seasonality. Another objective was to capture the influence of the elevation of [CO2] on the growth of Cerrado tree species in the initial growth phase. Through the following relationships, we seek to disclose possible functional groups of trees. We determined: (1) the composition and development of the aerial buds in 15 trees species with different patterns of leaf deciduity and relationship between bud development and climatic seasonality. (2) branch growth, leaf life span, and branching pattern in 15 trees species with distinct leaf deciduous patterns. (3) the influence of high atmospheric [CO2] and the vegetative growth and the allocation pattern biomass into roots, stems, and leaves of five tree species. The central hypothesis is that the permanence of the foliage would be a characteristic related to the structure of the crown evidenced by the morphological characteristics of shoots, the content of buds, and the responses of the species to the climatic changes. The deciduous species presented buds with preformed leaves surrounded by cataphylls and bud opening before the rainy season. The semideciduous ones presented buds with pre and neoformation of leaves. Only the semideciduous Eriotheca gracilipes K. Schum. had buds surrounded by cataphylls. The evergreen species showed buds with newly formed leaves, without the presence of cataphylls and bud opening after the beginning of the rainy season. The deciduous species presented plagiotropic branches with an of 35º. The majority of semideciduous and evergreen tree species had orthotropic branches with 60º and 61º, respectively. The deciduous species showed higher (p<0.05) speed of leaf expansion and shorter time of leaf and branch development concerning semideciduous and evergreen species. The leaf life span did not differ between the phenological groups. All deciduous, semideciduous, and evergreen species Miconia ligustroides (DC.) Naudin, Myrcia bella (Cambess.), Piptocarpha rotundifolia (Less.), and Schefflera macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Seem. produced one branch order in growing season. Only evergreen Miconia albicans (Sw.) edified two orders of branching in the same growing season. Individuals of deciduous species Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) e Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth & Hook. F. ex. Moore under high [CO2] showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in dry mass of leaves and stem in relation to individuals under [CO2] ambient. Only deciduous T. aurea under high [CO2] showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the relative growth rate. The species T. aurea (deciduous), Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. (semideciduous) and Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. Ex Hayne. (evergreen) under high [CO2] showed shorter leaf expansion time and more prominent leaf expansion speed (except for H. stigonocarpa) about individuals under [CO2] ambient. The tree species groups were joited by bud pre-formation or neoformation, synchronic or continuous leaf producion, and plagiotropic or orthotropic shoots. It indicated the existence of at least three functional groups of tree species with different strategies for acquiring airspace. The increase in [CO2] made it possible to capture different strategies for capturing and using resources in the phenological groups, thus forming functional groups in Cerrado tree species.