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Perspectivas e estratégias para melhoria da educação em engenharia de materiais brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-10) Marcos, Leonardo Pollettini; Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5861228475056157
Engineering Education (EE) has greatly expanded in Brazil over the last decades and, over the last few years, some criticisms to the Brazilian EE started to gain traction. A reform to the national guidelines for engineering curricula, as well as financial support by CAPES for selected institutional projects targeting the improvement of engineering education were issued as national policies. Naturally, all these aspects extend to Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) education as well. Considering this context, this dissertation focused on identifying the current shortcomings of MSE education in Brazil and at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), on constructing an overview about the state of EE research around the world and on connecting these shortcomings to the institutions that research them, resulting on a strategic overview of partnerships that would particularly benefit MSE education in Brazil. In order to do so, bibliometrics were employed, and public data from the Questionário do Estudante, UFSCar’s students and internal quality evaluations were investigated. It was verified that the current shortcomings include, among other aspects: the lack of variety on the instructional and assessment methods employed by institutions, the lack of student support, low female representation and a low development of soft skills. On the worldwide research on EE topics, it was verified that the US is the country with the largest scientific output on the field and should be recognized as an international reference, and that there is a wide breadth of topics covered by EE research. Finally, a few institutions were identified for strategic partnerships on a few specific topics, while other institutions presented themselves as strategic for any of the topics related to the shortcomings, due to their great scientific output in the field — notably Purdue University and Virginia Tech, both US-based.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de dispositivo com fluxos rotacionais para a formação de nanofibras poliméricas pelo processo de fiação por sopro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-10) Dulcini, Sérgio Luiz; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917; Marconcini, José Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4805911661605884
The spinning of polymeric fibers, with micrometric and nanometric dimensions, has many technical advantages and cost benefits. The techniques known as Electrospinning and Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) have been extensively investigated because they allow production at room temperature and enable the manufacture of a greater variety of nonwovens with regard to their morphology and chemical composition as well as fiber diameter. For this reason, many researchers have sought to further understand this technology. Recent studies have been conducted on SBS with a view to increasing its productivity and controlling its processes, given that this technique allows the production of micrometric and nanometric fibers without using electric fields. The applications of nonwovens, i.e., fabrics with no orderly weave, depend on their final morphology, so it is important to understand the process of fiber formation. Published studies on SBS use linear turbulent flows to drag the polymeric solution. Changes in the process are limited to what happens in the environment after the solution is released. So far, no researchers have investigated the rotational flow inside the SBS device and at the tube outlet. Other applications have indicated that the angular velocity can assist in stretching the solution. The methodology used in this thesis consisted of electronic images and high speed cameras in addition to statistical analysis of the nanofiber diameters. The results showed a significant reduction in the average diameter of the nanofibers produced with this rotational deviceIn this study, using the biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solubilized in Dimethylcarbonate (DMC).
Contradualismos no Opará: Lideranças Tuxá no Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-10) Ramos, Gustavo Moreira; Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2613610736105324
This is an ethnography whose protagonist is a relationship - and aren't all ethnographies about relationships? - which, in turn, is made up of so many others, namely: among the Tuxá, indigenous people from the Bahian sertão of Brazil directly affected by the construction of the Itaparica Dam in 1988, and Opará, a watercourse that white people name São Francisco river. The reason for placing them, the relations between Tuxá and Opará, in this leading role is justified by one of their leaders, Dinamam Tuxá, who predicted the ultimate event: “If Opará dies, indigenous peoples will also die”. The analytical focus is on the participation of Tuxá leaders as indigenous representatives in the São Francisco River Basin Committee, a state agency of consultative and deliberative character responsible for the management of the waters of the São Francisco river basin. The objective is to ethnograph the efforts of the leaders to maintain Opará alived and, thus, the Tuxá themselves, since there will be no Tuxá people without Opará. That said, this dissertation is an analytical description of leadership ways of resistance. Unlike the forces in the state agency that strive to stop indigenous participation through the imposition of different types of simplifications and separations, these indigenous leadearships carry out their actions in the Commitee creating alliances and engagements, including basilar elements of the western world imagination, especially what they call white people scientific knowledge codes. Indigenous ways of resistance that are not restricted to a mere impulse of reaction, but that widen and deepen, like the river waters themselves, towards the creation of possibilities to produce concrete political actions. Therefore, it is a matter of presenting how these indigenous leaders move between the dams imposed on the ways of life of their people through actions in this water management Committee, which operates by building dams and establishing dualisms with the objective of carrying out separations between elements and relationships that are inseparable from a Tuxá perspective, among them: Politics and Science, Land and Water and, mainly, Tuxá and Opará.
Seleção sexual e a ordem Odonata: uma abordagem teórica e experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-10) Pestana, Gabrielle Cristina; Ferreira, Rhainer Guillermo Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2440863332849994; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6363707133266300
Sexual Selection theory was proposed by Darwin in 1871 and, thenceforth, has been widely discussed and tested in several taxonomic groups. Complementary hypotheses were formulated by different researchers aiming to understand the mechanisms and evolutionary processes related to sexual secondary characters and reproductive behaviors. Insects of the order Odonata, also known as dragonflies and damselflies, are used as models due to the presence of coloring patterns on the body and wings that act as sexual ornaments, and the diversity of behaviors related to reproduction. Thus, studies on the use of sexual traits before and after copulation, in different mating systems, are carried out with different species in this group. In this context, the present dissertation is focused in evolutionary models of sexual selection in odonates as study models. The first part contains two chapters: the first is a review of the mechanisms, costs and some hypotheses related to sexual selection, mainly related to the presence and function of sexual ornaments in males; and the second chapter, a scientometric analysis of published studies on the role of male sexual ornamentation and the different sperm competition strategies. The results of the scientometric analysis showed a difference in pre- and post-mating studies, in relation to the years in which there is a greatest number of publications with these themes, countries where the studies were developed, species analyzed and main authors. In the second part of this dissertation an observational study was carried out in order to verify the relationship between pre- and post-mating sexual traits, analyzing wing pigmentation proportion, sperm viability, total number of sperm, muscle mass, fat reserve and body size in two species: H. longipes and H. rosea. The results were discussed based on two hypotheses of sexual selection: the sperm competition game, which proposes a trade-off between sexual traits; and the fertility-linked phenotype, which predicts that the male sexual ornament co-vary with the individual's fertility. The results obtained suggest that both hypotheses can be corroborated, since males of H. longipes, presented a trade-off between the traits evaluated, while males of H. rosea presented a positive relationship between these traits.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on linear and nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability in patients with heart failure
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-10) Goulart, Cássia da Luz; Caruso, Flávia Rossi; Arêas, Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco; Santos, Polliana Batista dos; Camargo, Patrícia Faria; Carvalho Junior, Luiz Carlos Soares de; Roscani, Meliza Goi; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9790656360225486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7119400854907214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0833133191438250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9224940191005426; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8975177658472167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7342560022121661; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895