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O protagonismo de imigrantes bolivianos em São Paulo: condicionantes e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Farias, Júnior César Oliveira; Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6111125603855394
This work aims to describe and analyze contemporary collective actions of Bolivian immigrants in the search for social, cultural, political, and economic rights, in the city of São Paulo. In the 2000s, mainly in the 2010s, the capital of São Paulo experienced the emergence of immigrant collectives that, together with former organizations, began to seek immigrants’ protagonism in the face of their struggles and demands. With this scenario in mind, we intend to answer the following question: to what extent are the struggles for rights fought by Bolivians representative of a new emancipatory paradigm for immigrants? To achieve this objective, the investigation made use of an ethnographic approach, with interviews with activists who lead immigrant mobilizations in São Paulo, observations at events and public manifestations by Bolivian immigrants, observation on social networking of collectives of Bolivian immigrants, beyond bibliographic reading. It tries to analyze the relationship of these actions (and theirs agents) with the State and public policies, through the concept of “political opportunities and constraints” (Tilly, 2008; Tarrow, 2009). In this regard, we expect that the results can serve as a parameter and a contribution for those who hope to reflect about other situations of collective actions undertaken by immigrants, whether they are Bolivians or not.
Seleção de marcadores SNP: uma aplicação com diferentes metodologias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Ióca, Mariana Pavan; Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5926207322230038
The quantity and complexity of generated data due to advances in genetic sequencing technologies has made statistical analysis an essential tool for their correct study and interpretation. However, there is still no agreement about which methodologies are more appropriate for those data, especially for the selection of genetic features that influence a specific phenotype. Genetic data are usually characterized by having a number of variables which is much greater than the number of observations. These variables exhibit little variability and high correlation. These characteristics hinder the application of traditional methodologies for variable selection. In this work (i.) we present different methodologies for selecting variables - Random Forest, LASSO and the traditional Stepwise method; (ii.) we apply them to genetic data to select SNP markers that characterize the presence or absence of a disease and (iii.) we compare their performances. Random Forest and Lasso show similar prediction performance, however none of them correctly select the influential SNPs.
Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, leishmanicida e citotóxica dos fungos endofíticos Diaporthe sp. E Pseudofusicoccum sp. obtidos de mangue e cerrado brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Moreira, Carla Cristina; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; Lacava, Paulo Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8947678349043750; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1884909627082110
The mangrove is a transition ecosystem between the terrestrial and the marine environment, typical of tropical and subtropical regions. The Brazilian savannah is an ecosystem that is mainly characterized by the savanna biome, which are transition zones between meadows and forests and are native to tropical regions of the dry season. In these two systems, several microorganisms have already been isolated, including endophytic fungi, capable of producing substances with antimicrobial and leishmanicidal activities, among others. Based on this information, this study aimed to evaluate the biotechnological potential of crude extracts (EB) obtained from endophytic fungi Diaporthe sp. and Pseudofusicoccum sp., isolated from Brazilian mangroves and savannah, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial tests with human pathogens, leishmanicidal tests and cytotoxic tests were performed. In antimicrobial assays, the minimum inhibitory concentration of 50% (MIC50) between 756 µg.mL-1 and 949 µg.mL-1 and the minimum inhibitory concentration of 90% (MIC90) between 3.940 and 3.980 µg.mL-1 were found for the EB of the mangrove isolate. For EB isolated from the savannah, CIM50 between 4.228 µg.mL-1 and 29.630 µg.mL-1 and CIM90 between 9.24 µg.mL-1 and 38.250 µg.mL-1 were found. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (CBM) was found for the microorganism Bacillus subtillis, at a concentration of 10.000 µg.mL-1. In leishmanicidal assays, the results show cell death of 90% at concentrations of 6.000 and 10.000 µg.mL-1 and 80% at a concentration of 4,000 µg.mL-1 for the EB of the mangrove isolate. In the EB of the savannah isolate, the leishmanicidal assays showed cell viability above 90% at concentrations of 20.000 and 40.000 µg.mL-1. For cytotoxicity tests on the EB of the mangrove isolate, cell viability between 55 and 73% was presented. For the savannah isolate, cell viability between 5.41 to 16.84% was presented. These results reinforce the biotechnological potential of microorganisms isolated from mangroves and savannah, represented by the isolates tested in this work.
1000 Fandangos. Amanhecer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Bertolo, Gabriel; Toledo, Luiz Henrique de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0851321994962607
This thesis search, through an intensive ethnographic description, to inquire about the caiçaras movements around their most celebrated aesthetical-political expression, the fandango caiçara – acknowledged as a Brazilian Intangible Heritage by the Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). Through its development/performance, the investigation shifts its points of departure and becomes an ethnography of culture as comprehended by fandangueiros. Rather than “explain” the fandango by caiçara culture, the thesis becomes a set of episodes that aim to speculate about culture through their fandangos. In this sense, it becomes of greater importance the thesis elaborated by fandangueiros caiçaras of the Brazilian south and south-eastern coast, especially of Cananéia-SP, about what is culture, how it unfolds, transform and maintain in space/time. Thus, through its artisan craft and its poetic, choreographic, musical, and musicological expressions, it is sought to understand the place and the time that the fandangos inhabit and make inhabit: the Caiçara Territory.
Subsídios para o planejamento de redes de greenways: estudo de caso de Ribeirão Preto, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Zeoti, Gustavo Nogueira; Ribeiro, Felipe Martello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7573847493388303; Peres, Renata Bovo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7187316806135509
Greenways are green, linear open spaces which serve multiple purposes, primarily ecological and cultural. Ecological corridors, linear parks, tree-lined paths in old railway rights-of-way, among others, can be classified as greenways. In a system of open spaces, they can have the function of connecting components (nodes) of the landscape, such as fragments of natural vegetation, waterbodies, parks, historical sites etc. Greenway networks can be formed when the focus of the planning is on the connections of the landscape components themselves. In the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, a landscape planning instrument called “Protective Measures for Fragments and Urban Parks” has been implemented since 2012. The instrument is applied to fragments of native natural vegetation in territories that are under urbanization process. Its purpose is environmental protection, based on the hierarchy of fragments according to their priority for environmental conservation. Depending on the relevance defined for each fragment, protection measures are applied, such as ecological and leisure corridors, enabling the formation of a greenway network. However, one of the gaps identified concerns the incorporation of the cultural function in urban planning. The objective of this research is to propose guidelines for the planning of greenway networks to increase the ecological and cultural connectivity of the landscape, with the case study of Ribeirão Preto. Specifically, the objective is to analyze the municipal instrument emphasizing its legal and administrative context, the hierarchy of fragments and the characteristics of environmental protection measures; identify its gaps and potentials for improvement; to propose guidelines for the development of a classification and inclusion of the municipal railway heritage in landscape planning; and to propose guidelines for the planning of networks with emphasis on cultural aspects of the landscape. Multiple methods, such as bibliographic research, document research and analysis, field research, systematization of data in a GIS environment, and classifications of the Ribeirão Preto railway heritage were employed with a qualitative approach. As a result, the following guidelines were proposed for the improvement of the landscape planning instrument: simplification of the instrument; improvement of the active mobility and recreational cultural connectivity in greenway networks, in territories undergoing urbanization processes; inclusion of the cultural heritage function in the greenway planning, specifically for railway heritage along railway rights-of-way. Guidelines were proposed for the classification and inclusion of railway cultural heritage in landscape planning and the formation of greenway networks, in representative scenarios, in three different territorial sections in the municipality. The importance and possibilities of connectivity and integration of ecological and cultural factors in landscape planning are expanded through a connected network of greenways.
Comparação de diferentes intensidades de treinamento muscular inspiratório sobre o controle autonômico cardiovascular de ciclistas: estudo clínico controlado e randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Abreu, Raphael Martins de; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131684794713173
Recently, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been widely used by professionals and amateurs’ athletes as a complementary exercise training method, with the aim of improving sports performance. However, there is still no consensus on the IMT prescription protocols in the literature, as well as the effects on cardiovascular autonomic control. It is known that the modulation of breathing has a strong influence on the cardiovascular system and that IMT can be an ally to improve cardiovascular homeostasis with possible effects on physical performance. Study 1 – Aims: To carry out a systematic review to determine if IMT promotes changes in cardiovascular autonomic responses in humans. Methods: The methodology followed the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic review analysis. MEDLINE, PEDro, SCOPUS and PubMed electronic databases were searched from the inception to March 2017. The quality assessment was performed using a PEDro scale. The articles were included if: (1) primary objective was related to the effects of IMT on the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system, and (2) randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies. Exclusion criteria were reviews, short communications, letters, case studies, guidelines, theses, dissertations, qualitative studies, scientific conference abstracts, studies on animals, non-English language articles and articles addressing other breathing techniques. Outcomes evaluated were measures of cardiovascular autonomic control, represented by heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) indexes. Results: The search identified 729 citations and a total of 6 studies were included. The results demonstrated that IMT performed at low intensities can chronically promote an increase in the parasympathetic modulation and/or reduction of sympathetic cardiac modulation in patients with diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart failure and gastroesophageal reflux, when assessed by HRV spectral analysis. However, there was no study which evaluated the effects of IMT on cardiovascular autonomic control assessed by BPV. Conclusion: IMT can promote benefits for cardiac autonomic control, however the heterogeneity of populations associated with different protocols, few studies reported in the literature and the lack of randomized controlled trials make the effects of IMT on cardiovascular autonomic control inconclusive. Study 2 – Aims: To evaluate the chronic effects of different IMT intensities on cardiovascular control in amateur cyclists. Methods: A longitudinal, randomized, controlled blind study was performed on 30 recreational male cyclists undergoing IMT for 11 wk. Participants were randomly allocated into sham-trained group (SHAM, n = 9), trained group at 60% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP60, n = 10), and trained group at critical inspiratory pressure (CIP, n = 11). Electrocardiogram (ECG), finger arterial pressure, and respiratory movements were recorded before (PRE) and after (POST) training at rest in supine position (REST) and during active standing (STAND). From the beat-to-beat series of heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP), we computed time domain markers, frequency domain indexes in the low frequency (LF, 0.04–0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.15– 0.4 Hz) bands, an entropy-based complexity index (CI), and baroreflex markers estimated from spontaneous HP-SAP sequences. Results: Compared with SHAM, the positive effect of MIP60 over the HP series led to the HF power increase during REST (PRE: 521.2 ± 447.5 ms2; POST: 1,161 ± 878.9 ms²) and the CI rise during STAND (PRE: 0.82 ± 0.18; POST: 0.97 ± 0.13). Conversely, the negative effect of CIP took the form of the decreased HP mean during STAND (PRE: 791 ± 71 ms; POST: 737 ± 95 ms). No effect of IMT was visible over SAP and baroreflex markers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity IMT might be beneficial when the goal is to limit cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity at REST and/or in response to STAND. Study 3 – Aims: To evaluate the effect of IMT on cardiorespiratory coupling in amateur cyclists. Methods: Thirty male young healthy cyclists underwent a sham IMT-SHAM (n = 9), an IMT-MIP60 (n = 10) and IMT-CIP (n = 11). The ECG, non-invasive arterial pressure, and thoracic respiratory movement (RM) were PRE and POST at REST and during STAND. The beat-to-beat series of HP and SAP were analyzed with the RM signal via a traditional non-causal approach, such as squared coherence function, and via a causal model-based transfer entropy (TE) approach. Cardiorespiratory coupling was quantified via the HP-RM squared coherence at the respiratory rate (K2HP-RM), the unconditioned TE from RM to HP (TERM→HP) and the TE from RM to HP conditioned on SAP (TERM→HP|SAP). Results: In PRE condition we found that STAND led to a decrease of TERM→HP|SAP. After SHAM and CIP training this tendency was confirmed, while MIP60 inverted it by empowering cardiorespiratory coupling. This behavior was observed in presence of unvaried SAP mean and with usual responses of the baroreflex control and HP mean to STAND. TERM→HP and K2HP-RM were not able to detect the post-training increase of cardiorespiratory coupling strength during STAND, thus suggesting that conditioning out SAP is important for the assessment of cardiorespiratory interactions. Conclusion: Since the usual response of HP mean, SAP mean and baroreflex sensitivity to postural stressor were observed after MIP60 training, we conclude that the post-training increase of cardiorespiratory coupling during STAND in MIP60 group might be the genuine effect of some rearrangements at the level of central respiratory network and its interactions with sympathetic drive and vagal activity. General conclusions: According to this thesis, we conclude that the IMT, when performed at moderate intensity, is able to promote an increase in cardiac parasympathetic modulation at rest, as well as promoting a greater cardiorespiratory coupling to cope with the postural challenge, requiring lower cardiovascular autonomic to deal with orthostatic stress. This response may be beneficial for athletes, considering the constant exposure to physiological stresses to guarantee cardiovascular demand during sport.
Jogos digitais e cognição social de crianças: um estudo experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Scienza, Livia; Souza, Débora de Hollanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4758320842072873
In the last decade, the number of new digital games of various genres has grown a lot, eminently after the creation of game management platforms and after the dissemination of eSports. Digital games, beyond their entertainment purpose, are already used in schools, hospitals, and psychotherapeutic environments as rehabilitation tools and to promote cognitive and behavioral skills. Studies evaluating the impact of this form of media on users have conducted since the popularization of the first games in the 70s. However, the evidence that games can mediate interpersonal relationships, as well as promote or inhibit prosocial and empathic behaviors is still recent. The focus of previous studies was the possible associations with increased aggressive behavior and desensitization to violence. And although most consumers of digital games are young people and adults, the “digital natives” born in this century have immediate access to interactive media. For this reason, many researchers have recently investigated the way in which children and adolescents are affected by these media. In particular, more studies investigating the impact of games on sociocognitive and social skills should be conducted. Following this direction, the present work aimed to investigate a possible relationship between exposure to three categories of digital games (Neutral, Prosocial and Competitive) and prosocial behavior. A second goal was to test possible moderating effects of empathy and theory of mind skills on this relation. Fifty-seven children (9 to 12 years old) participated and were randomly distributed into three groups: G1 = neutral game; G2 = competitive game, G3 = prosocial game. Each group played a different type of video game. Prior to playing the games, all participants were assessed by a social cognition task (Faux Pas Task) and an empathy scale (Bryant's Empathy Scale for Children and Adolescents). Following that and on another day, each participant was invited to play, for 20 minutes, the digital game representative of their category group. Finally, right after playing the game, children were invited to participate in an adapted version of the Dictator's Game that involves the sharing of resources. Games of all categories had a pre-selection stage and were evaluated by 18 judges that were either Psychology undergraduate/ graduate students or university students from a game development outreach group. One game for each category was selected. Analyses did not reveal a significant gender or age effect on empathy scores, theory of mind scores and number of donated stickers. However, a significant age effect (i.e., school year) was found for the number of stickers shared, with older children sharing more stickers than younger ones. Nonetheless, there was a trend toward a significant moderating effect of empathy and theory of mind scores on the relationship between game category and number of stickers shared by the participants. More specifically, playing a prossocial, neutral or competitive videogame for 20 minutes does not necessarily impact the predisposition of children to engage on prossocial behavior. It is possible, nevertheless, that more empathic children with a more developed theory of mind may have an increased predisposition to share stickers compared to other children. Future studies should explore further whether these variables (empathy and theory of mind) or other variables can, in fact, explain part of the variation in prosocial behavior after exposure to different types of digital games. However, the present work contributes to the advancement of this line of research in Brazil as it is the first study to investigate possible effects of three different types of digital game on prosocial behavior in school-age children. The results suggest a promising direction of investigation that should be better explored by researchers in Brazil.
Non-invasive ventilation improves exercise tolerance and peripheral vascular function after high-intensity exercise in COPD-HF patients
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-09-25) Goulart, Cássia da Luz; Caruso, Flávia Rossi; Araújo, Adriana Sanches Garcia de; Arêas, Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco; Moura, Silvia Cristina Garcia de; Catai, Aparecida Maria; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; Phillips, Shane A.; Arena, Ross; Silva, Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves da; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9790656360225486; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7119400854907214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0104886088821769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0833133191438250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1044361149989467; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5625129949363675; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895