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Otimização da programação de montagens estruturais na Indústria Aeronáutica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-09)
Silva, Bruno Jensen Virginio da
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9202201560058916
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
In this research, the structural assembly schedule of activities in the aeronautical industry is studied. Structural assemblies are the manufacturing stage in which the parts, sub-assemblies and the main structural parts of the airplanes, like wings, stabilizer, front, rear and fuselage, are assembled together, forming the aerostructures. Essentially, the problem studied in this thesis is how to allocate the assembly activities over time and resources, considering the use of assembly fixtures and workers, with different specializations, respecting the production plans and technological constraints at a minimum cost. The objective of this research is to optimize the labor cost of the airplane structural assembly scheduling problem, based on a real case in the aerospace industry. To do that, optimizations approaches based in mathematical models and heuristic methods were developed. Another objective of this research is to contribute to the practice of the operational research, considering that the structural assembly is described in details and it is proposed a model to represent it mathematically in a way that its description could be used instead of idealized problems to motivated future correlated research. In this work, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed to represent the problem, based on resource constrained project scheduling and resource availability models. Computational experiments were performed with real data provided by a Brazilian aerospace company, and the results showed that the proposed model is capable of generating solutions to real size problems. Constructive heuristic methods, specialized local searches, random multistart and mathematical programming heuristics were developed and applied using Java and GAMS/CPLEX, in order to obtain good solutions in acceptable computational times in practice. The results of the computational experiments showed that the heuristics achieve different combinations of computational time and solution quality. In general, the computational times used to generate solutions using heuristic methods are shorter than those used by mathematical models with CPLEX and, sometimes, with very close solution quality. The solutions generated using the mathematical model and CPLEX use a long computational time in some cases, however, they generated the best solutions in all experiments. The results showed that is possible to generate good quality solutions for the aeronautical assembly scheduling using the proposed methods. Structural assembly of airplanes requires several operations, with a complex precedence network and interaction among many productive resources, which makes assembly and scheduling and planning a complex activity to be performed manually by humans, without the support of computer and analytical technology. In addition, this research studies an industry with great economic relevance to Brazil. The development of technology aiming competitive benefits to this industry has the potential to contribute to its development and competitiveness in Brazil and worldwide.
Aproveitamento biotecnológico do soro de queijo porungo para obtenção da enzima β-galactosidase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-09)
Coelho, Rafaela de Jesus Silva
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Gabardo, Sabrina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9732593816895465
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4828132520085840
Cheese whey are the main by-product of the dairy industry, characterized as an alternative substrate rich in nutrients and applicable in bioprocess. It has a high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and when associated with inadequate disposal can lead to several environmental problems. One alternative use of this by-product is in biotechnological processes, such as for the production of β-galactosidase. This study aimed to use porungo cheese whey for β-galactosidase (lactase) production, an enzyme widely applied in the food industry to manufacture lactose-free products. In the first stage of this work, different lines of Kluyveromyces marxianus (CCT 4086 and CBS 6556) and different culture media (porungo cheese whey (S); porungo cheese whey supplemented with yeast extract (SE) and porungo cheese whey supplemented with yeast extract and bacteriological peptone (SEP)) were tested on a rotational shaker at 200 rpm and a temperature of 30 ºC. The best results of enzymatic activity were followed by the strain K. marxianus CCT 4086 in SE (16.73 U mL-1). Therefore, this line was chosen for the second stage, and the influence of the process variables temperature (30ºC and 37ºC) and pH (5, 6 and 7) was evaluated, in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. Enzymatic activity reached a maximum value in 20 h of cultivation for all experiments, ranging from 11.41 U mL-1 to 15.93 U mL-1 for temperature of 30 ° C and 10.62 U mL-1 to 13.93 U mL-1 for temperature of 37 ° C. The best process condition was achieved at pH 7.0 and temperature of 30 ºC.
Análise elementar de carnes: desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos e estratégias para técnicas com fonte de plasma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-13)
Silva, Ana Beatriz Santos da
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5816161183502861
Meat is widely consumed around the world. Besides, this food has a significant influence on the Brazilian economy. Regarding the nutritional terms, it is considered as a source of essential elements (e.g., molybdenum, copper, and manganese) that are important to the human organism. In this context, this thesis's goal is the development of analytical methods and the investigation of strategies for the determination of essential and toxic elements in meat by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) and inductively coupled plasma – Tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). The use of MIP OES was investigated for the determination of phosphorus from phospholipids in meat. Due to the introduction of organic solvent, some strategies were adopted, such as the employment of an external gas control module (EGCM) and the signal correction applying internal standardization (Te) and molecular species (OH). The accuracy was estimated by comparing the results obtained with ion chromatography. The recovery found using the internal standardization was 95%, while molecular specie was 94%. These results indicated that these signal corrections were effective, and their employment significantly improved accuracy. The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was used to enhance the procedure’s sensitivity for the determination of molybdenum in meat by MIP OES. In this study, the selection of extracting and dispersing solvents was based on the mixture design. Additionally, the DLLME parameters were optimized by applying a Box-Behnken design. A bovine liver certified reference material (1577c, NIST) was employed to check the accuracy and a recovery of 92% was obtained. The enhancement factor and the limit of detection estimated were 4.5 and 0.20 µg g-1, respectively. In another work, a critical evaluation of nebulizer effects in a nitrogen plasma was performed. Four nebulizers (concentric, MiraMist, OneNeb series 1 and 2) were investigated concerning the plasma fundamental parameters (e.g., temperature and number of electron density) and solvent transport efficiency. Besides, the reproducibility was evaluated in different matrices, and the accuracy was investigated by analyzing four CRMs and s spiked sample from sugarcane spirit due to its alcoholic composition. The results demonstrated that the plasma fundamental parameters were considerably affected by the nebulizer type. Besides, the OneNeb series 2 showed the best performance considering the sensitivity, solvent transport efficiency and precision. The determination of nine essential and toxic elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sr, and V) in meat samples was performed by ICP-MS/MS. Initially, the use of gases (O2, H2, and He) in the reaction octopolar system (ORS) was explored to minimize the spectral interferences. The best operating mode was selected evaluating the recoveries obtained during the CRM analysis (1577b, NIST). For Cd, Co, Mo, Pb, and V, the ORS's gas use was not required. On the other hand, for chromium and arsenic, He was more suitable, and for Sr, H2 was the best. The limit of detection varied from 0.08 µg kg-1 (Cd) to 16 µg kg-1 (Mo). Then, meat samples were digested and analyzed by ICP-MS/MS using the optimal conditions. A correlation graphic showed the occurrence of a positive correlation between Cd – Pd and Sr – Pb.
A formação do Engenheiro Químico no contexto da Indústria 4.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-13)
Pinto, Regina Carneiro
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Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061
In 2018, the Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo (Fiesp) carried out a survey to identify the degree of knowledge of Brazilian companies related to the concept of industry 4.0 and the challenges to be faced for its adoption. Two hundred and twenty-seven companies were interviewed, 55% of which were small, 30% medium and 15% large. Initially, 32% of companies said they did not know the terms "fourth industrial revolution", "industry 4.0" or "advanced manufacturing". For the remaining 68%, some other results were obtained: 90% agree that the fourth industrial revolution will have positive impacts on productivity, 67% expect to feel a medium impact with the implementation of advanced manufacturing, but only 5% feel very prepared for the transformations to be faced. Asked about the biggest challenges, que workforce qualification was one of the mentioned points. Since chemical engineering is so close to industry, reflection on the consequences of the fourth industrial revolution in the graduation is necessary. A demonstration of the importance of the theme is that updating regarding innovation, science and technology are topics directly cited in Resolução CNE / CES nº2, of April 24, 2019, which establishes the national curriculum guidelines for the undergraduate engineering course. As a study tool, a research was carried out with graduates of the chemical engineering course at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). All respondents are inserted in the job market in functions directly related to the area of performance of the chemical engineer and answered questions related to the tools used in their daily work and the challenges faced in their professional performance. In addition to the research, the undergraduate curriculum offered by the Department of Chemical Engineering at UFSCar was studied in order to find options for the insertion of new themes in the course structure, using as a resource also the comparison with curricular grades of other universities in the country. The modernization proposals were developed following two paths: the adaptation of existing subjects and the addition of new subjects, helping with ideas to restructure the curriculum.
Algoritmos de aprendizado de máquinas aplicados no dimensionamento e controle de estoque na indústria de bebidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-13)
Ganem, Alan Motta
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Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0826732869672295
Inventory planning is an extremely important task within any industry. This importance becomes even more remarkable for industries that deals with complex and intricate supply chains, with plants spread around many regions of the country, varying lead times and different suppliers. In this work, we will use data science and machine learning techniques to carry out forecasting and inventory control of various supplies in different plants, in a large beer industry. For the consumption forecast, Holt-Winters, Gradient Boosting (LGBM implementation), Dense Neural Networks and a simple persistence model (predicting the future as being exactly the past values) were used. The predictive models generated were validated using the mean absolute error (MAE) metric and the residuals were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk), zero mean (t-test) and autocorrelation (Ljung-Box). A Python software was developed in order to simulate a predictive inventory control system using the prediction of each of these models alongside with a heuristic inventory policy provided by the company. The resizing of the inventory policy was also tested (lower bound threshold), taking into account the predictive performance of the models for each time series. Finally, using inventory metrics from simulation and the Pareto front technique for multiobjective optimization, the best candidates were selected for further validation in production stage.
Práticas de gestão da qualidade em compras: estudos de caso em empresas automotivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-14)
Oliveira, Adilson José Gomes de
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
In the last decades with the advent of increasingly demanding consumers, quality has gained prominence among companies. For an organization to satisfy the customer's needs, it must use quality in its products and services, as it reflects the requirements necessary to meet those needs and exceed customer expectations. Starting from the point that quality management is an important competitive advantage, some authors argue that it has synergy with the purchasing area and attribute that the quality of raw materials and inputs greatly interfere with the quality of the final product, with the application of quality management practices in purchasing can bring enormous benefits to companies. The sector chosen for the research was the automobile industry, in view of the numbers that the sector presents in sales of motor vehicles and the great participation in the dissemination and application of new forms of management. From an exploratory bibliographic review, few studies were found in this area, highlighting the work of Sánchez-Rodriguez et al. (2005) and Hemsworth et al. (2008) who used a model called QMPP (Quality Management Practices Purchasing) for a quantitative study. The Sánchez-Rodriguez et al. (2005) served as a basis for listing the Quality Management in Purchasing practices explored in this work and the breakdown of these practices into operational elements was used to develop a semi-structured questionnaire that applied to three vehicle manufacturers served as an instrument for data collection . The evidence collected presented situations in which it is possible to establish the use of all the operational elements of a given practice, as well as some discrepancies in the use of these elements, concluding that the companies studied demonstrate the importance of the purchasing area being managed by the principles of quality .
Percepções da influência das atividades extracurriculares durante uma trajetória acadêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-14)
Curcelli, Emilio Martins
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Roscani, Meliza Goi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6020203353629171
The course conclusion work (TCC) is a mandatory instrument to graduate in medicine from the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). According to the pedagogical project1, the work should present the student's perception of “analyzing the individual capacity of the student to synthesize his education trajectory, considering the dimensions of teaching, assistance and research”. The UFSCar medical course, created in 2005, with a total workload of 9620 hours, has an active methodology with an integrated, constructivist and competence-oriented curriculum, seeking a more active and reflective participation of the student, while bringing theory closer with practice from the beginning. The course is structured in three educational cycles: Comprehensiveness of care I (first and second academic years); integrality of care II (third and fourth academic years) and integrality of Care III (fifth and sixth academic years, or boarding school). Through this organization, it is expected, at the end of the course, that the student will have competence within the three main areas: health (care for individual health needs and care for collective health needs), Management (organization of health work and health management). care) and education1. Extracurricular activities (AEC), also called complementary activities, include participation or organization in scientific events such as congresses and symposium, monitoring, study groups, academic leagues, scientific initiation, extension projects, paid or unpaid internships, cultural and social activities, among others2. The literature is vast in relation to students' motivation to pursue such activities, such as: going deeper into a specific topic, helping socializing with other students, bringing theory and practice together and complementing the basic curriculum. Participating in such AEC also correlated with several gains for the student, such as: academic / professional gains (higher performance, improvement of technical skills, lower dropout, greater professional satisfaction), cultural and social gains (such as improvement of leadership and interpersonal relationships, improvement in understanding of society, gain in humanity, approximation with different cultures) and psychological gains (serving as a strategy to protect against burnout) 2-5. Bearing in mind that, during the author's individual trajectory in the course, there was contact with diversified AEC, the study sought to analyze, in a self-critical manner and based on scientific evidence, how these activities could influence graduation and contribute to professional training, particularly in medical practice. As a secondary objective, we sought to reflect what were the motivations that led to carry out such AEC.
Envolvimento da neurotransmissão endocanabinóide na empatia relacionada a nocicepção em camundongos que conviveram com coespecífico em dor crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-14)
Petrilli, Leonardo Abdelnur
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Canto-de-Souza, Azair Liane Matos do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
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Leite, Cléo Alcantara Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2031764784233552
Empathy is known as a sharing of emotions between individuals that allows to predict and understand their motivations, actions and feelings, crucial conditions in social life and emotional experience. Research about empathic responses can be performed through animal models, in which observe changes arising from living with a coespecific in chronic pain. These analyzes suggest changes in behavior due to this exposure, and possible pharmacological interventions can be employed to reduce such harmful responses to the subject. This study proposed to analyze, according to the empathy protocol in rodents, if the endocanabinoid neurotransmission contributed on the emission of behaviors related to anxiety and the painful perception, by the systemic administration of cannabidiol (phytocannabinoid). Male albino Swiss mice were housed in pairs for 28 days; on the 14th day, one of them got through a cirurgic procedure of chronic nerve constriction (NC) or not (SHAM). On the 28th day of cohabited, part of the animals were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) to assess anxiety; others were submitted to the abdominal writhing test to assess pain sensitivity. To carry out the experiments, the animals that cohabited with their coespecific CS or CNC received systemic administration of cannabidiol and were exposed to behavioral tests. In the first experiment, the observer mice was administered with subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of vehicle or canabidiol (0.3, 1.0, 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-1), and after 30 minutes was submited to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid (0.6%) and exposed to the whithing test. In the second experiment, the observer animal was submitted to systemic injection of vehicle or cannabidiol (0.3, 1.0, 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg-1) and exposed to the EPM test to asses anxiety behaviours. The two ways variance analysis (cohabited x treatment) ANOVA, followed by Duncan's post hoc, has revealed that the cohabited with a conspecific in chronic pain induced an increase in behaviors related to nociception and anxiety, demonstrating the influence that cohabited with a pair in chronic pain has on the observer. In the first experiment, canabidiol at doses of 10,0 and 30,0 mg/kg has produced antinociceptive effect in the animals that lived with an CNC conspecific, what was featured by a reduction in the numbers of writhes, when compared to the CNC/vehicle conspecific. In the second experiment, canabidiol (1.0, 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg) produced an increase in the percentage of entry into the open arms of the EPM and reduction in risk assessment behaviors, and the dose of 30.0 mg/kg produce a significant increase in the time spent in open arms, suggesting anxiolytic effect in animals that cohabited with NC conspecifics.The observed results in the present study suggest that cohabited with a conspecific in chronic pain changes the observer's emotional state; and suggest that cannabidiol may reverse the nociceptive and anxiety effects induced by cohabited with a pair in chronic pain.
Uma revisão sobre os atributos de escoabilidade de diferentes variedades de açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-14)
Cambaúva, Gustavo Fonseca
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Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6514230308933117
Knowledge of the physical-chemical and flow properties of particulate materials is relevant for the correct sizing and optimization of the equipment production chain and increased efficiency of the industrial plant. In the industry sugar and alcohol industry, specifically in the sugar production process, handling and Proper transport of the sugars produced can benefit when the influence of physicochemical properties on the flow of particles. Based on the reading of publications, texts, and articles, this review has compiled experimental data for characterization and evaluation of flowability of confectionery (IS), crystal (GS), refined (RS), and exported type (VHP sugar - VS). The data were analyzed to discuss how physicochemical characteristics affect the flow rates of these particulate materials. The investigation data of actual specific mass, loose-bed porosity, bulk density (aerated and compressed), humidity and granulometric distribution and their respective attributes: index Hausner, static and dynamic resting angle, flow function, stability index variable flow allowed us to conclude that a careful analysis of each method differences in processing conditions, raw materials, room temperature, and relative humidity is essential to understand possible differences and trends in the flow of these particulate materials.
Complexos semi-sanduíche de RuII/areno e produtos naturais: uma promissora combinação para novos metalofármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-15)
Araujo Neto, João Honorato de
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Corrêa, Rodrigo de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9747718970743175
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
This thesis presents the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antitumor activity of nineteen neutral and monocatonic organometallic complexes containing ligands derived from natural products. The complexes were divided into three Series based on the employed classes of natural products (all coordinated by oxygen atoms in the bidentate form), which are: Series A, complexes of general formula [RuLx(η6-p-cimene)(PPh3)], where PPh3=triphenylphosphine and Lx=benzoic acid (A1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (A2), p-nitrobenzoic acid (A3) and terephthalic acid (A4); Series B, complexes of general formula [RuClLx(η6-p-cimeno)] (B1-B3), [RuCl2(η6-p-cimeno)(PPh3)] (B4-B6), fac- [RuClLx(S-DMSO)3] (B7-B9) and cis-[RuClLx(S-DMSO)2(PPh3)] (B10-B12), where PPh3=triphenylphosphine and Lx=lawsone, lapachol and 3-styryl-lawsone; Series C, complexes of general formula [RuLxCl(η6-p-cimeno)] (C1), [RuLx(η6-p-cimeno)(PPh3)]PF6 (C2) and [Ru(η6-p-cimene)(PEt3)]PF6 (C3), where PPh3=triphenylphosphine, PEt3=triethylphosphine and Lx=alizarin. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, infrared absorption spectroscopy, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (31P {1H}, 1H and 13C {1H}), mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The stability of the compounds was investigated in solvents for biological tests, where Series A and C showed stability in the mixture used. In other hand, in Series B, B1-B6 were unstable in these mixtures, resulting in the complexes of the general formula fac-[RuClLx(S-DMSO)3] (B7-B9) and cis-[RuClLx(S-DMSO)2(PPh3)] (B10-B12). The cytotoxicity of the complexes were evaluated in the tumor cells of breast (MDA-MB-237 and MCF-7), lung (A549), prostate (DU-145) and the corresponding non-tumoral cells of breast (MCF-10A), lung (MRC-5) and prostate (PNT2) cell lines, varying the number of strains in each Series. In Serie A, the A1-A2 (IC50=11,0-19,3 μM) were more active than A3 (IC50=40,5-60,7 μM) in all tumor cell lines tested, with the highest selectivity index displayed by A1 for MDA-MB-231 cell line (3,5). In Series B, the influence of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) on the IC50 values were observed. The complexes with PPh3 were more active than those ones containing the chloride ligand, besides that the p-cymene labilization became the complexes without PPh3 (B1-B3, IC50>10 μM) more active, this comparing with B7-B9 (IC50= 8,01-0,70 μM). Additionaly, in the complexes B4-B6 (IC50=18,09-0,33 μM) when compared with B10-B12 (IC50=17.36-0,31 μM) it is noted that the labilization of the arene perform insignificant effect on the citoxicity of the complexes. In Series C, C2 (IC50=17.8-6.5 μM) was the most cytotoxic complex, while C1 (IC50=32,8-> 100 μM) and C3 (IC50=41.6-> 100 μM) were less active and selective. The stable complexes of B and C Series were evaluated for DNA interaction, showing only weak interactions, except for C1, which exhibited strong/moderate interactions of covalent type. In general, the complexes were able to inhibit the colony formation, A1, C2 and C3 inhibited cell migration and B6, B12 were able to induce morphological changes in tumor lines. In addition, A1, B3, B6, B9, B12 and C2 promoted the cell cycle arrest in the Sub-G1 phase. In A Series it was found that the A1 is able to accumulate in MDA-MB-231 cells (ICP-MS data) and in the C Series, the fluorescence displayed by C1 allowed to observe the cellular uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells, through the confocal microscopy technique, showing the internalization of the complex.
Logística reversa de medicamentos domiciliares vencidos, em desuso e suas embalagens: perspectivas para a implementação no município de São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-15)
Pereira, Alana
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Pugliesi, Érica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1919985555087583
The disposal of post-consumer drugs has gained relevance and increasing complexity, mainly due to the significant increase in drug consumption in recent years, as opposed to the low efficiency of drug removal from water resources in traditional treatment systems. The municipality under study has Municipal Law No. 17.647 of 2015 - which instigated this research - and, in the approval phase, the Municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management (MPISWM). During the development of this study, the reverse logistics system (RLS) of expired or unused household medicines (EUHM) and their packaging was instituted, nationwide, by Federal Decree No. 10,388 of 2020. The main objective was to analyze the status of the reverse logistic of EUHM and its packaging in the municipality of São Carlos/SP. The methodology consisted of an analysis of theoretical references and legislation on the topic; physical characterization of household waste; and application of questionnaires with those responsible for pharmacies and drugstores, residents and public actors. It was possible to identify that the EUHM and its packaging found in the municipal landfill include, for the most part, analgesics and anti-inflammatories (15%), antihypertensives (10%), analgesics and antipyretics, antibiotics, antidepressants, replacement drugs hormonal, among others. Of the 87 pharmacies and drugstores in the municipality, 38 establishments (44%) participated, most do not receive EUHM (61%) and, among those who do (39%), there is no standardization of the procedures adopted. Regarding the citizens, a random sampling by households was carried out, resulting in the participation of 388 citizens. The statistical model used allowed to infer that the variables that interfere in the form of disposal by citizens of São Carlos are education and knowledge of Municipal Law No. 17,647 of 2015. About public actions, it was possible to identify that the municipality does not have an RLS for EUHM and its packaging; does not articulate programs in the area of waste management of health services (HS); and does not provide clarification to the population on this topic. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt management measures and public policies to change the scenario presented and strategies to reduce the generation of EUHM and its packaging, in addition to investment in education, promotion of educational campaigns and dissemination of laws and collectors of EUHM and its packaging in the municipality.
Influência dos modelos idealizados de ligações no dimensionamento de treliças planas de madeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-15)
Fraga, Iuri Fazolin
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Christoforo, André Luis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3180484792983028
Throughout human history, wood has been used in numerous ways in civil construction, showing considerable advantages. Among these, sustainability and excellent mechanical properties make it a material widely used in buildings around the world, especially in countries in the Northern Hemisphere. However, in Brazil, little of its forest diversity is rationally explored in structural systems, the result of prejudices inherent to the material. Despite its reduced diffusion in the country, however, there is a widespread use of native wood on roofs of residential buildings; commercial and rural areas. The toughness and the high strength/density ratio make wood an excellent material to be used in a potentiated way in roofing structures. That is why, until today, historical structures built in the 20th century are found, currently being gradually recovered. In addition, Brazil has been going through a process of transition from timbered construction, migrating from the artisanal process to the prefabrication process. It is in these contexts that this research is inserted, contributing to the promotion of initiatives that will favor the more rational and technical use of timber in structural solutions. One of the problems that involve the design of roofing structures is related to the idealized models of analysis. In the structural design, engineers usually adopt the classic truss model, whose joints are considered to be perfectly flexible. However, in models where perfectly rigid joints are allowed (frame model), or even diagonal and vertical bars connected to continuous chords (frame-truss model), significant differences can be observed in the dimensions of the sections. Thus, prioritizing the verification of such influences, this work proposes a computational tool based on the finite element method (FEM) and in the design routines prescribed by the new draft standard of ABNT NBR 7190 (2020). In the bibliographic studies carried out, there was a scarcity of computational tools aimed at the analysis of roof structures in situations well below the ultimate strength limit, especially with a focus on design. In this way, the software, called iTruss, has elastic-linear processing, whose reliability was notorious when measured with the SAP2000® software. By setting the thickness (b), the design criterion used was the minimum height of the pieces (h) through a repetition code with a 0.10 cm step. After simulating six idealized models of a prefabricated truss, Howe type, with 12 meters span, the results showed that the sections really undergo considerable changes depending on the model adopted. The percentage divergences reached values above 40%, having as reference the classic truss model commonly accepted in the design of roof structures.
Práticas de consciência fonológica: brincar alfabetizando no último ano da educação infantil e alfabetizar letrando no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-15)
Pena, Nathália Nepomuceno
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Souza, Geraldo Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8404208274170230
This monograph has the general objective of understanding how the domain of phonological awareness practices contributes to literacy and literacies from the theoretical foundations and reflections on the practices of Soares (2017) and Morais (2019). It is a bibliographic and documentary research that seeks to problematize some concepts directly and indirectly related to phonological awareness and to analyze, in a perspective of playing literacy and literacy literacy, practices in teachers' reports and games in the transition between the last year of Early Childhood Education and the first year of elementary school. Regarding the concept of phonological awareness, it was possible to observe that, according to Morais (2019), this concept should not be seen in the singular, but as a “constellation of skills” that involves, according to Soares (2017), lexical awareness, syllabic awareness, awareness of rhymes and alliterations and phonemic awareness. Regarding the reports and games, it was possible to show that the teacher plays a central role both in the planning of situations, with the use of games to help in the process of literacy and literacy of children, and in the monitoring of students during their realization. In this sense, the research enables us to understand the importance of building, as literacy teachers, a pedagogical work in which we and children can build moments of playing with words and reflecting on their sound parts.
“O que fazer, como fazer”: contribuições da ergonomia da atividade na compreensão dos processos de regulação frente às contradições na lógica da organização do trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-16)
Rodrigues, Larissa Brentini de Almeida
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1694396578138727
This research presents a discussion about regulations developed during the work activity to adjust the distance from work organization prescriptions and real situations. From the theoretical basis, which laid the foundation to the field research in a metallurgical industry in the agricultural sector, this study aims to understand how the possibilities of action and the operative strategies develop in an attempt to supply the contradictions of the work organization prescriptions in relation to the real work. There was a gap in the literature on the definition of work organization and, in order to enable this study, based on the theoretical framework, this research considered the following aspects of work organization "what to do"; "how to do"; “tasks division”; “interaction between tasks and activities”; “interaction between operators and hierarchy”; “performance requirements and standards”. This is a qualitative study, with a theoretical approach based on the concepts of activity ergonomics. To understand the work organization from the perspective of prescription, representation of professionals from different areas of activity in the company and regulations and operative strategies, it was analyzed the prescriptive documents provided by the company and conducted semi-structured interviews with social actors of different hierarchical levels, observations of activities and self-confrontation interviews with the operators. The results show that the representations of participants about real work differ according to the professional practice area and according to the proximity level in relation to the routine work situations of operators. As a result, there is a conflict between the prescriptive logics, and in general, the logics of production, quality, engineering and safety conflict with the functioning of technical devices. The prescriptions have different weights in the construction of operative modes, and individual and collective competencies help in these decision conflicts by considering the available resources and the possible results of the activity. The regulations occur within a limit, in terms of health and effectiveness, whose operation depends, mainly, on the availability of resources compatible with the real situation.
Corpo, transnacionalismo negro e as políticas de patrimonialização: as práticas expressivas culturais negras e o circuito afrodiaspórico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-16)
Sousa, Karina Almeida de
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7080534523571723
Samba-Rock received the title of Intangiable Heritage of the city of São Paulo in 2011. This recognition dialogues with a broad movement of patrimonialization of the Black Social Clubs in the South and Southeast regions of the country. This occurred with Grêmio Recreativo e Familiar Flor de Maio, whose was recognized as material heritage of the city of São Carlos in the same year. These processes engender an important debate on nationalism and transnationalism of cultural practices and spaces articulated by the African diaspora in the Americas. Therefore, the research investigated the processes and circuits that compose the practices and spatial relations produced in the African diaspora. The investigation was based on some concepts such as contact zone, nation-state, modernity, black transnationalism, vernacular afrodiasporic circuit and black diasporic culture and African diaspora. The research has supported by participant observation, ethnographic incursion, bibliographical research and audiovisual materials (films, music and photographic records), added to interviews and data collection carried out in the state of São Paulo/BR as well as in the state of Georgia/USA from 2016 to 2019. It is concluded that, in order to understand the transits and the subjects whose expressive black cultural practices are recreated, it has become necessary to activate another element of analysis as an expressive practice: the body. It is through the inclusion of the body that the recognition of dance and music are inseparable, and the productions of the vernacular Afro diasporic circuit are expressed. In this panorama, the research was supported by a narrative proposal focused on similarities and connections, recognizing, and guiding the differences, which could be analyzed when associated with four other elements: dispersion, hybridization, creativity/improvisation and the meanings attributed to the body in the constitution of a diasporic black culture. In this way, the debate between these practices and their spaces as a constituent of a community of memory starts to gain place, tensioning, and in turn, the classical notions of the nation-state, modernity, and recognition policies (material and immaterial) as strategies (re)inscription of practices in the modern debate. Furthermore, I continue to defend the need for reflection on a political economy of black culture articulated with the dynamics of production-regulation-consumption of expressive cultural productions as one of the elements of constant (re)creation of practices in the vernacular afrodiasporic circuit.
Análise de bolhas nos produtos agricolas: açúcar, café e soja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-16)
Silva, Anna Karolyna
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Silva Junior, Geraldo Edmundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5138808982229139
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2250569792860911
The process of changing market conditions, due to the major shocks of the 1970s and 1980s, as well as the changes in domestic and international market conditions in subsequent years, significantly affected the price volatility of many commodities. The volatility of prices of important commodities such as sugar, coffee and soy, demands a study on the occurrence of bubbles and their characterization. To this end, the present work proposed the identification of speculative bubbles based on the modified unit root test to accommodate the null hypothesis of moderately explosive processes in the prices of the analyzed commodities, using the GSADF methodology for the Monte Carlo simulation structures (MC) and Wild Bootstrapping (WB) with the inclusion of a trend parameter to mitigate the effects of the market trend in the period between January 1964 and December 2016. The results showed the absence of bubbles for soybeans, as it is a commodity with more liquid trading. For sugar, an average of five bubbles were identified in the analyzed period, and the episodes were longer for the trended WB and longer for the trending MC. For coffee, the periods were longer for the simulations without trend. It was concluded that the use of the trend can be used for series of commodities whose production cycle is shorter and, in the case of commodities with long cycles such as coffee, it reduces the occurrence of bubbles when taking into account the long-term trend of such markets.
Resistência de Conyza bonariensis e Conyza canadensis (Asteraceae) a herbicidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-19)
Reis, Lucas Casimiro
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Monquero, Patricia Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2916802995826087
The species Conyza bonariensis and Conyza canadensis, popularly known like clove, are plants belonging to the Asteraceae family that have great importance in modern agriculture due to the levels of economic damage caused by their interference in the development of culture. With the emergence of biotypes resistant to the herbicide glyphosate, one of the most widely used herbicides in worldwide, the management of these plants has become increasingly problematic, requiring continuous management and the use of new control and alternative herbicides to control this weed
Desenvolvimento e caracterização reológica de oleogéis mistos contendo ésteres de sacarose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-19)
Cruz, Ana Nathália Fernandes da
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Domingues, Maria Aliciane Fontenele
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2932812185528590
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Albano, Kivia Mislaine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8588367589752201
The structuring of liquid oils has become an attractive area of research in recent years, especially due to pressures to reduce saturated fat intake and eliminate trans fats from our diets. However, the replacement of fats rich in saturated fatty acids with liquid oil can lead to major changes in the quality characteristics of processed foods. Recents strategies for providing saturated fat functionality to liquid oils include the addition of lipid structuring agents to the oil, leading to its gelation. The objective of this Project was to study the characteristics of formation of oleogels from the combination of lipid structuring agents such as monoacylglycerol (MAG), soy lecithin (LEC) and sucrose fatty ester (ES) in high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO), using for this, a planning of mixtures of the extreme vertex type. The obtained oleogels were analyzed for their mechanical properties and rheological behavior. The mechanical properties were analyzed using the direct extrusion method (Backward Extrusion), and when statistically treating the data, the regression analysis indicated that the best fit for the samples was obtained with the linear model. The test reponses indicated that lecithin had a significant influence (p < 0,05) oin the texture properties of the oleogels that contain it in ternary interactions (ES + LEC + MAG). The rheological behavior was accomplished in a rotational rheometer, where flow curves and apparent viscosity were obtained. The adjustments to the Power Law model were better for all samples, where they showed a pseudoplastic behavior (n < 1). Apparently, the samples showed similar behavior, in the descending ramp at the beginning of the shear at high deformation rates, they were more structured, however, as the shear continued with the decrease in the deformation rate, they tended to Newtonian behavior. However, when increasing the deformation rate in the ascending ramp (ramp 2), they showed pseudoplastic behavior and thixotropy, which was confirmed by the apparent viscosity curves, indicating change and loss of structure. The rheological parameters were consistent with the texture data and showed the effect of the sample formulation. It was possible to conclude that the samples with ternary interactions with higher levels of ES made the materials a little more resistant, minimizing changes in apparent viscosity, and the most structured sample was the E5 that had intermediate LEC values. The results obtained may allow its application in food formulations when subjected to conditions of industrial processes that require lower deformation rates (100 a 103) such as extrusion, mixing, pumping and/or sedimentation, however further studies of formulation to increase the resistance are necessary.
A “habitação social de mercado” como ativo no mercado de locação e revenda residencial: o caso dos imóveis do PMCMV - Faixa 2 em São José Do Rio Preto-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-20)
Rodrigues, Thais Borges Martins
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Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6021133459867964
The model of access to housing conditioned by bank financing was the strategy adopted by the Brazilian government in the 2000s, with the “Minha Casa Minha Vida” Program (PMCMV), in line with the promotion of real estate capital, which implied the absence of a public policy capable of providing ample access to real estate credit for families with lower incomes and, as a consequence, limited the exercise of the right to housing. This strategy contributed to the consolidation of the idea of home ownership and to the transformation of the house into more than a place of residence, essential to the maintenance of human life and the reproduction of its workforce, starting to be seen as an asset with a patrimonial dimension. and expectations of future social and economic security, in a rentier dimension that is constantly changing with securitization. In this research, the use of properties originating from the PMCMV is problematized, especially those intended for families with income between three and six minimum wages, the main focus of the program's performance, as a source of generating extra income for its owners in the residential rental market. the same time that public social rental policies are non-existent or little explored, taking as a case study real estate produced by publicly traded companies in São José do Rio Preto, between the years 2009 and 2015. Based on questionnaires applied by the survey method, and analysis of the data referring to the profile of the residents and the territorial and social conditions for the form of appropriation of such properties, there was the creation of a real estate park for residential leasing, composed of different types of properties, especially in the northern region of the country. municipality, where the real estate valuation is lower than the rest of the city, implying a lower housing price. In addition to the price, factors such as the offer of leisure equipment and private security proved to be important aspects for the choice of locations by the tenants, even though it means greater distance from the central areas and less urban infrastructure available. Throughout this work, the decisive role of private real estate agents for the offer of housing and the public authorities was also decisive in contributing to the free sale of these properties in the formal rental market.
Análise do turismo de observação de boto-cinza no Parque Estadual Ilha do Cardoso - Cananéia, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-10-21)
Barros, Ana Luiza Maia
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Nakazone, Juliana Aline
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Gabrielli, Cassiana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2774926242303827
The present work seeks to investigate how the observation of dolphins relates to tourism in the city of Cananéia (SP), on the boat crossing to the Ilha do Cardoso State Park, researching about planning, marketing, tourism infrastructure and environmental awareness. For this, a visit was carried out. to the municipality, in order to learn about the activity and some people who work with that. Then, questionnaires designed specifically for people linked to dolphin watching with the aim of investigating about it of planning and environmental awareness, and finally were analyzed posts on Facebook, Instagram and TripAdvisor, counting posts that made reference to the dolphin with images, videos and subtitles that contained emoji, text or hashtag. It was identified that the disclosure still has a potential little explored, the tourist infrastructure can be improved and that there are actions of environmental awareness, but which could also be improved.