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3D face recognition with descriptor images and shallow convolutional neural networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-11-05) Cardia Neto, João Baptista; Berretti, Stefano; Marana, Aparecido Nilceu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6027713750942689; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6844092194166622
Nowadays, there is an increasing need for systems that can accurately and quickly identify a person. Traditional identification methods utilize something a person knows or something a person has. This kind of methods has several drawbacks, being the main one the fact that it is impossible to detect an impostor who uses genuine credentials to pass as a genuine person. Besides, in some cases it is necessary to discover the identity of people in a covert manner. One way to deal with these types of problems is to use biometric identification. Face is one of the biometric features that best suit the covert identification since the current technology is able to provide high resolution 2D face images captured by low cost cameras, in a secret way, at a distance and without cooperation from the people being identified. However, in general, biometric systems based on 2D face recognition perform very poorly in certain scenarios when the input images present variations in pose, illumination, and facial expressions. One way to mitigate this problem is to use 3D face data, but the current 3D scanners are expensive and require a lot of cooperation from people. The use of deep convolutional neural networks is another way to mitigate the traditional 2D facial recognition drawbacks, but it can be unfeasible, due to their large training data and huge computational power requirements. Therefore, in this thesis, we introduce a hybrid approach, based on Shallow Learned Feature Representation, for 3D face recognition, which is focused on minimizing the amount of data, the computational power and the processing time required in the training stage, while being able to operate close to state-of-the-art methods and being able to transfer the learning made on high-resolution data to low-resolution data. Another important aspect of the proposed hybrid approach is the possibility to operate in both classification or feature-extraction modes. Experimental results obtained by our hybrid approach on EURECOM Kinect Face dataset, a low resolution depth dataset, showed a rank-1 recognition rate of 90.75% on the hardest case of classification mode, and 73.26% on the feature extraction mode, which are better than the rates obtained by related state-of-the-art methods with the same protocol and dataset. So, we conclude that the proposed hybrid approach helps to attenuate the cross-resolution differences and that the utilization of an input built with more discriminative data, such as low-level hand-crafted features, allows the utilization of shallow CNN for 3D face recognition.
Discordantes aliados: diplomacia e estratégia militar do Brasil na formação dos blocos da Segunda Guerra Mundial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-11-05) Kopanyshyn, Emanuelle; Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5343968646005766; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8681124999367298
The theme of this study is diplomacy and the military strategies adopted in Brazil between 1930 and 1942. In the Brazilian background, the country had several social and political changes involving the governor Getúlio Vargas and groups allied to him. In the foreign background, there were negotiations for the formation of military blocs towards the World War II (1939-1945). The aim of this study is to analyze the political thoughts and public actions of two State agents who were essential to the period: the diplomat and chancellor Oswaldo Aranha and the Army Staff lead officer Góes Monteiro. This search is basead on discourses, letters, biography, annuals and diaries, in a qualitative basis. Although the literature indicates a political polarization in the Estado Novo between the pro-liberal diplomat and the pro-central military, this study aims to understand the confluence between both agents and to comprehend how the foreign policy was benefited from this confluence. The present study verify that, even though they defended different political positions, Aranha and Góes Monteiro adopted a collaborative policy, which resulted in the alignment with the United States of America, starting from the same conception and perception of national interest: financing of heavy industry and military reequipment.
Sono e fragilidade: um estudo com idosos inseridos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-11-05) Mota, Sonia Gonçalves da; Santos-Orlandi, Ariene Angelini dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1334146454214813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9949532367029378
Currently, poor sleep quality and frailty syndrome can be considered important public health problems due to the high prevalence among the elderly and the negative effects on the well-being of affected individuals. Through the early identification of these conditions, interventions can be planned to reduce spending on health services and improve the quality of life for these individuals. Studies have been found in the literature on the association between sleep and frailty; however, they are few in number and demonstrate inconsistency in the results. Most showed that night sleep was associated with frailty. Is it the same when it comes to elderly people living in poverty? The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between sleep and frailty among elderly people registered in a Family Health Unit in a context of high social vulnerability. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on the quantitative method of investigation. 81 elderly people were interviewed using the following instruments: Characterization of the elderly, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Frailty criteria proposed by Linda Fried (adapted), Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index for basic activities of daily living and Lawton's scale of instrumental activities of daily living. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's χ2 test were used. The level of significance was set at 5%. The results showed a predominance of elderly women, aged 60 to 69 years, white, with a partner, Catholics and retirees. Regarding sleep, 50.6% of the elderly had poor quality sleep, 33.3% good quality sleep and 16.1% sleep disorders. As for frailty, 61.7% of the elderly were pre-frail, 33.3% were frail and 5.0% were not frail. Statistically significant results were found between sleep and: level of frailty (p = 0.026) and the criterion “slow gait” (p = 0.000). Approximately 29.6% of frail elderly and 9.3% of robust / pre-frail elderly scored for sleep disorders. Approximately 30.4% of the elderly with slow gait and 10.4% without slowing presented sleep disorders. It was concluded that frail and slow gait elderly people had a higher prevalence of sleep-related complaints when compared to pre-frail and non-frail elderly people and those who did not have slow gait, respectively. These results can sensitize primary health care professionals in order to identify complaints early and implement assertive strategies in order to avoid adverse health outcomes and improve the quality of life of these individuals.
Indicadores de financeirização nas empresas com maior valor de mercado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-11-05) Carmo, Marcelo José do; Donadone, Julio Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; Sacomano Neto, Mário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3728113860626454
The economic process of financialization is considered by several authors as the development of dependence and subordination of productive capital to financial capital. Besides, financialization is also considered as a change in the conception of control of firms, in force today, for which the maximization of shareholder value becomes the main concern. In this doctoral work, we set out to analyze the financialization indicators in the ten companies with the highest market capitalization worldwide, through multi-case research and an exploratory approach. We did not intend to exhaust the debate on financialization or explain everything that happens in companies, but rather to develop the construction of indicators, from the perspective of Economic Sociology. Some indicators that makeup financialization can be highlighted, such as 1) Comparison between the sources of profitability; 2) Shareholding Composition and Shareholding Acquisitions. 3) Mergers and Acquisitions; 4) Origin of the directors; 5) Payment of Compensation to Executives; 6) Payment of Dividends to Shareholders 7) Employee Salaries and 8) Employment. Preliminarily, we have already found that the services or financial services segment has constituted an important fraction of the profitability of some companies, exceeding production profits. The shareholding structure of companies and shareholding acquisitions are increasingly in charge of large investment funds and financial institutions, which already surpass the largest banks in market cap. The managers of the companies, even those who came from an academic background focused on the industry, make decisions that are very attuned to the financialized mentality, with the payment of millionaire compensation to executives, reinforcing the expansion of a layer of wealthy managers. Dividends and stock buybacks have been draining almost all of the companies' net income, making them work emphatically to pay dividends to shareholders. This is a significant qualitative change over the past forty years, which has been transforming the production area towards creating shareholder value. Meanwhile, the salaries of most employees are below the average salary of all ethnic groups in the USA, for example, as we will see. The level of employment is also an indicator of financialization, sometimes dropping dramatically, now increasing, as in the cases of Amazon and Apple, which have created thousands of jobs in recent years, but through cheaper labour through outsourcing. In this work we have analyzed the ten companies with the highest market capitalization worldwide, applying the eight indicators described above. With this debate, we hope to contribute to the research agenda of economic sociology and finance, through empirical research and its analysis in the light of the existing theoretical production.