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Política fiscal no Brasil: uma estimativa dos multiplicadores fiscais para o período 1997-2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-11-17) Alves, Vinícius de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7980659767479565
This dissertation aims to evaluate the capacity of fiscal policy to smooth the cyclical fluctuations of the Brazilian economy. A theoretical discussion is held regarding the possibility of stabilizing the level of activity through public spending and / or through changes in taxation, highlighting the differences between the conventional and the Keynesian view. Subsequently, an assessment of the fiscal policy guidelines in Brazil between 1995 and 2018 is made in order to provide historical and institutional elements for empirical analysis. From the calculation of fiscal multipliers for various components of primary expenditure and for net primary revenue, the empirical investigation admits as general hypothesis that the responses of the aggregate product to the shocks in the various fiscal variables differ between the recessive and expansive phases of the Brazilian economic cycle during the period 1997-2018. Two models are estimated: a structural VAR of the linear type and a non-linear VAR with regime change from the Markov-Switching process. In a second step, Public Sector Net Debt is included in both models to verify whether public debt overestimates fiscal multipliers. Public debt is not a predominant variable for the magnitude of the fiscal multiplier, as part of the literature suggests, as the economic cycle prevails over the size of the fiscal shock. In general, there are two contributions to the debate and to empirical research. The first is the estimation of fiscal multipliers for the Brazilian economy in a non-linear model with public debt. The second is the discussion of the results in the light of the economic policy actions of all governments in the period studied, relating them to the historical evolution of macroeconomic thinking on fiscal policy.
Riscos potenciais aos manguezais do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo na revisão do Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico Costeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-11-17) Oliva, Pedro Barboza; Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2607737110233165
Mangroves are extremely important ecosystems, both for nature cycles and for humans. They provide a series of benefits, such as maintenance of fishing resources, control of hydrological cycles, maintenance of water quality, stabilization of the coastline, sediment retention, scenic beauty, among others. They are situated by definition between terrestrial and marine environments, being covered and uncovered permanently by the tides, and may suffer impacts from both sides, such as through the sanitary sewage of upstream urban areas, or in oil spill by vessels at sea. This location, as privileged as it is fragile, can make it a symbol of the Coastal Zone, which in Brazil is considered by the Federal Constitution a national heritage. In this country, the National Coastal Management Plan aims to organize this part of the territory, involving both land and ocean and the transition ecosystems between them, seeking economic and social development linked to environmental conservation that guarantees human activities as their own and life quality of the population. These objectives can be achieved with the Coastal Ecological-Economic Zoning, instrument incorporated in the legislation to order the territory, directing how and where different human activities can be developed, as well as determining forms of environmental conservation. Its formatting is so relevant that the knowledge of which areas are subject to urbanization, and which degraded areas need to be reforested, or also which places allow fishing or installation of port structures. Thus, this public policy has a fundamental role in the conservation of mangroves. This research aims to verify whether the review process of the Coastal Ecological-Economic Zoning of the North Coast of São Paulo, completed in 2017, increased or decreased in relation to the previous version of 2004 the protection of the mangroves in the region. For that, the two versions were compared considering both their texts and maps, as they are inseparable elements, as well as correlating with the use of the environments in 2016, and also with the future expectation of using the environments in both versions. The results show that the urban area tends to more than double, increasing the impacts that already exist in the mangroves due to the low coverage of public services infrastructure. Urban expansion is strongly directed towards extensive areas of native vegetation, which are expected to weaken the sensitive hydrological dynamics of mangroves, and the marine environment now has more permissible uses that can impact mangroves. The legislation that should be used in line with the Coastal Ecological- Economic Zoning to maintain the region's environmental quality has not been sufficiently observed, causing environmental degradation and the life quality of the population.
O sofrimento mental na graduação em medicina: uma reflexão sobre as angústias vivenciadas pelo estudante e seu impacto na formação médica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2020-11-17) Ferreira Lopes, Luiza; Germano, Carla Maria Ramos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1685750854841732; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391263077724800
This Graduation work aimed to discuss the most common mental health problems of medical students, through 2 complementary approaches: first, by doing an integrative review of the recent literature on physicians’ mental health; second, by the description and analysis of the teaching and extension activities developed by the University’s Mental Health Study Group through the student's management period.