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Pedagogia e música: contribuições de Freinet para uma educação integrada no contexto do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Lins, Tales José Lopes; Fantini, Renata Franco Severo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9611195121776675; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3824702764897386
This study was based on the motivation to seek solutions for more active and respectful practices for school children. We consider the school reality that is still fixed in the transmission of knowledge to be problematic, in the rigid structuring of the routine that favors mental tasks to the detriment of the child's total engagement. Thus, we sought to know the contributions of Celèstin Freinet's pedagogy, especially with regard to the experiences that involve the body, spontaneity and expressiveness. The context of the first year of elementary school was delimited, given the importance of this specific moment in child development. Music was valued as an integrating element of the knowledge expected for this stage and for its potential to recruit cognitive, physical, emotional and social skills in individual and collective conditions. A perspective of collaborative work between pedagogue and music teacher is assumed in order to ensure more cohesive experiences. The challenges of this cooperation are described based on a specific framework that has been discussing the presence of Art in Pedagogy courses. The study is characterized as bibliographic and qualitative and aims to: analyze the extent to which Freinet's principles dialogue with the document Read and Write: planning guide and didactic guidelines / 1st year literacy teacher from the State Department of Education of São Paulo; make activity proposals that consider all the languages provided for in the aforementioned document using music as a fundamental part of the learning expectations required for children and; stimulate and strengthen the integrated and collaborative work between educators and music teachers to obtain answers to the current educational needs. In this perspective, four didactic proposals were elaborated considering the contents foreseen for this school stage. The results indicated that it is possible to carry out plans that take into account children's needs, the current limitations of teacher training, in line with the principles of autonomy, work and free expression valued by Freinet. We understand that future practical opportunities may bring us more clarity on these propositions. The theoretical investigations carried out reinforce the importance of rethinking the education of the pedagogue in relation to the Arts and active approaches to Education.
Sujeitos da EJA no Brasil contemporâneo: contribuições dos anais da ANPEd (2015-2019)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Almeida, Amanda Carolina Marmo de; Fernandes, Jarina Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6612611612919706; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8130658973000709
The education of young people and adults needs to consider the diversity of the subjects that compose it, in order to exercise its restorative, equalizing and qualifying functions, as a modality of Basic Education. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to contribute to the construction of pedagogical practices capable of meeting the different profiles of EJA subjects in contemporary Brazil. As specific objectives were delimited: i) Identify which profiles of EJA subjects are in focus in the annals of GT 18 of ANPEd (2015-2019); ii) Understand more deeply who are the subjects of EJA in contemporary Brazil, from the productions present in the referred annals; iii) Knowing which clues are indicated for pedagogical practices in dialogue with these EJA subjects. The work has its theoretical reference in the Freirean perspective, using works by Paulo Freire himself and by contemporary authors inspired by his contributions. This is a bibliographical research, in which the successive stages of reading were used: recognition reading of the bibliographic material, exploratory reading, selective reading, critical reading and interpretive reading, with a view to building an integrative synthesis. The analysis was carried out around two axes: profiles of the subjects in focus and clues for pedagogical practices in dialogue with the subjects. As for the profiles in focus, the productions show: working subjects, women, adolescents and young people, the elderly, people with disabilities and black bodies. It is noticed how some profiles are not present in the productions, such as migrants and refugees, even though this is an audience that is coming to EJA. As for the clues for pedagogical practices in dialogue with the subjects, ten indications were found: education and future objectives, human development, re-signification of the school, permanent education, critical view of society, dialogue between school and non-school knowledge, specificities of EJA, horizontality in the relationship and training of teachers.
Aprendizado de subcategorias para Never-ending Language Learning: uma abordagem baseada em perguntas e respostas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Souza, Wesley Willy Oliveira de; Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8311856533532872
In recent years, ontologies have been used in information systems to index large corpora of documents or collections of facts and directly support user interaction with the system through functionalities such as navigation and searches. Both structure and content of ontologies must come with these changes, over time, without losing coherence. Expansion of ontologies is primarily an organizational process and there must be rules for the processes of updating, inserting and exclusion from the ontology. After learning millions of facts extracted from the web, NELL (Never-ending Language Learning), the first never-ending machine learning system described in the literature that continuously extracts facts (reading the web) to increase its knowledge base and learn to read better than the previous day, began to learn beyond the knowledge extracted and to infer new beliefs that it had not yet read before, becoming able to expand its initial ontology through some contributions. In this way, the present thesis proposes a sequential modular computational model that allows the expansion of the ontology of the NELL knowledge base, identifying and classifying subcategories of the categories already known by the NELL ontology. The proposed component receives as inputs question texts in English from the Yahoo Answers forum, a set of English Wikipedia articles, the NELL knowledge base and a set of seed examples. From this, preprocessing tasks were done to extract labelled and unlabeled examples, which were classified by a machine learning algorithm that define the new candidates to subcategories. A second module performs a validation procedure based on conditional probability. The results showed that the component, in addition to achieve adequate performances in terms of subcategories learning, maintains a relatively low rate of false positives.
Relação entre a habilidade de cuidado, sobrecarga, sintomas ansiosos e depressivos e qualidade de vida de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença renal crônica em hemodialise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Takimoto, Thaís Lieko de Oliveira; Damasceno, Vanessa Almeida Maia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2825698398703716; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7395879552721664; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0200377965204469
The patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents complications in relation to changes in his routine and consequently needs a family member who assists him/her in activities of daily living. To perform the function of caring the family member needs skill and competence. Prolonged involvement in the provision of care can have negative effects, such as overload, anxiety and depression, and may impact on your quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the ability of care and the perception of quality of life and the level of burden and anxiety and depressive symptoms of family caregivers of people with CKD on hemodialysis. This is a descriptive, correlational study with a quantitative approach, which was carried out in four renal replacement therapy units in the interior of the State of São Paulo. Family caregivers of hemodialysis patients participated in the study. After signing the Free and Informed Consent Form, the participants were interviewed individually with the application of the following instruments: Scale to measure the care ability of family caregivers of people with chronic disease (HCCF-DC Scale); Medical Outcomes Study 36- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF- 36); Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistical and relationship analyses were performed between the variables collected. All ethical precepts have been respected. We evaluated 118 family caregivers and people with CKD, most of them women (75.4%), with an average of 50.966 (i.e., 50 years and 9 months). The dimensions relationship and change in the routine of the HCCF-DC Scale showed a negative, significant, moderate correlation with the anxiety and depression domains of the HADS instrument and weak, negative correlation between attitude and depression; dimensions relationship and change in the routine of the HCCF-DC Scale had a negative correlation, significant, of weak to moderate magnitude with overload, in all domains of the CBS; positive, significant correlation between the "Relationship" domain of HCCF-DC and all domains of the SF-36; Negative, significant, moderate correlation between the "Relationship" domain and HADS domains and CBS domains. The domain "Understanding" and the domain "Depression" (HADS), a negative, weak correlation was observed; in relation to the SF-36, the domains "Physical Aspects" and "General Health State" presented a positive and weak relationship. There was a negative, weak and moderate correlation between "Routine change" and between HADS and CBS (with significance in all HADS domains, CBS except the domain "Environment"); however, with the SF-36 domains, there was a weak to moderate positive correlation, and finally, the attitude domain had a negative and weak correlation correlated with HADS and CBS. It is concluded, therefore, that the higher the ability to care, the lower burden the caregiver presentes, and thus, better quality of lije.
Uma análise freireana sobre a formação do sujeito pela prática de ensino realizada no laboratório de direitos humanos do movimento popular práxis de Tatuí –SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Arruda, Graci Marieli Vieira de; Oliveira, Clarissa Suelen; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0155429220877053; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9302933091371521
The present work aims to contribute to a Freire analysis on the practice of non-school teaching of a revolutionary leadership in the face of the category of authentic praxis, starting from a concrete reality. This is a qualitative research that discusses the theme from a Freirean perspective, the object of study is the Human Rights Laboratory (LDH) of the Popular Praxis Movement, specifically in relation to the practice of non-school teaching. The proposed objective is to investigate the subjects' formative practice before the category of authentic praxis and for that the theoretical foundation was based on Paulo Freire, Karl Marx, Enrique Dussel, Sergio Lessa and Ivo Tonet. The main concern of this research is summarized in the following question: To what extent does the LDH group practice implemented by this Social Movement adopt Freirien parameters to carry out the formation of the subject? Material was collected for analysis by the Popular Praxis Movement, participant observation during the meetings of the Human Rights Laboratory, semi-structured interviews and case study. The process of choosing the analysis category was based on the works of Paulo Freire, linked to some concepts of Marxist thought. The analysis made us see that the LDH carries out a teaching practice based on the category of authentic praxis according to Freirean parameters during the process of dialogue construction, in which there is an exchange of knowledge between the union of theory and practice, resulting in a collective development of awareness and future actions to overcome the contradiction denounced through the dialogue carried out during the meetings.
Matemática financeira no cotidiano dos brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Silva, Conrado Valdovando da; Salvador, José Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861140400209619
This monograph is a study of topics on Financial Education – its history, the nowadays brazilian panorama on this subject, the National Strategy on Financial Education (ENEF) and the DICTs (Digital Information and Communication Technologies) with teaching-learning potential for Financial Mathematics as for example the spreadsheets environment of GeoGebra and the Calculadora do Cidadão (Citizen Calculator). The work also suggests activities about the resolution of financial problems with the support of the previously mentioned softwares.
Cigarrinha-do-milho (Dalbulus maidis) e o complexo dos enfezamentos: características de transmissão, disseminação e controle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Pinto, Murilo Rafael; Marques, Rodrigo Neves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8945237946471247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5562478491256044
In corn, the leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the vector of three pathogens: Spiroplasma kunkelii (corn stunt spiroplasma), Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma and maize streak virus (Maize rayado fino virus). With the expansion of the planted area and the cultivation of the second season corn, there was a change in the dynamics of sowing, allowing the presence of the hosts for a longer time in the field during the year, with direct influence on the incidence of this disease complex. Due to the high biotic potential, high potential for migration and significant damage, leafhoppers and this group of diseases that were considered as secondary pests, started to have a new understanding. As a consequence of the relevance of this new pest scenario, due to the challenge in practices for its effective control, Integrated Pest Management stands out for integrate management practices, looking for sustainability and application of techniques in addition to not just achieve population reduction, but rather, a multidisciplinary and systemic understanding of phytosanitary management.
A autoimagem e a autoestima: percepções de mulheres idosas usuárias de um serviço de saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Cardoso, Anabel Machado; Pedro, Wilson José Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135701448186851; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-7078; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9974285971672008; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9540-7078
The aging process is heterogeneous and interferes in several biological, psychological, social and cultural dimensions. Men and women experience this process distinctly. Self-esteem and self-image are important dimensions to be analyzed, whose specificities, in the context of contemporary society are relevant and point out potential demands for the work of the gerontologist. This study aims to understand some aspects about self-esteem and self-image of elderly women. It is an exploratory and descriptive study, with the use of quali-quantitative methodological procedures. Participants of the study will be women (n=32) aged sixty or over, users of a public health service in a countryside city of the State of São Paulo, located in the geographic region of DRS III - Araraquara. It is also proposed a semi-structured interview with a professional who works there. In the exploratory study carried out, evidence was identified that elderly women who practice physical activity have a normal level of self-esteem, with tendencies at a high level and that low levels of self-esteem are rarely presented. It can also be noticed, variations of self esteem according to the race/ethnic self declared, being that the women brown lower levels of self esteem, if compared with the white women. The degree of schooling and economic situation have also been shown to be important factors in defining the self-esteem of older women.
Inovação em tempos de pandemia: um estudo de dois casos no interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Oliveira, Gustavo Domigues Ayres; Cunha-Nardy, Neila Conceição; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6586808642504798; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7224158195057631
During the year of 2020, the business scenario was strongly hit by the Coronavirus pandemic, in this context of social and economic uncertainty, many companies try to reinvent themselves seeking competitiveness, or even, just surviving in their markets. Therefore, a very fertile soil to cultivate innovation is created. This article’s aims is to come up with an analysis of the innovation capability of two traditional companies over the pandemic context. To analyze its innovation capabilities adaptations to the methodologies made by the researched authors were crafted and applied in those companies, being a qualitive research with exploratory and descriptive character. The object of this research were two companies located at the southern region of Sao Paulo’s State, inserted in very traditional markets. The data was gathered through interviews with the company owners. The analyzed companies have presented a few innovations during the pandemic, showing different applications strategies to its technologies. The analysis has reached different technological capability levels for each firm, one presenting a low level of innovation capability, whilst the other has presented a intermediate level o innovation capability.
Um estudo dos modelos populacionais e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Melo, Thabata Maria Queiroga de; Seixas, Wladimir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1697352974728327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9192188147432298
The study of population dynamics is an area of science attempted to understand and describe, in a deterministic way, the temporal variations size of biological populations, being also important to “give specific character for the configuration of a society and the pertinent issues of its multiple aspects” (SETI et al., 1999, p.1). Starting from the understanding of how ordinary differential equations are used in mathematical modeling, in this work we enunciate and study the functioning of the population dynamics models of Malthus, Verhulst and Gompertz, complementing with a study of how the applications using the least squares method helps to correct hypothesis and effects in the way that population were described.
Uso de estruturas urbanas por aves da cidade de Piedade, estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Zenthöfer, Victoria Pereira; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893355010152333
Urbanization is a process that causes major changes in natural environments and is constantly accelerating worldwide, generating different effects on avifauna, which depends on various environmental characteristics and functional traits to respond to these environmental changes. Within these landscapes, there are green and gray structures, which can be used as substrates during the life path of the birds. With this in mind, the objectives were (a) to detect bird species in an urban area in the interior of the state of São Paulo, in a condition of restricted mobility motivated by the pandemic; (b) verify how these species are using the available gray and green infrastructures, considering their diets; (c) detecting possible effects of seasonality (autumn and spring) and direct human interference (number of pedestrians and vehicles). The study was carried out in the months of May / June and September / October 2020, in an urban area of the city of Piedade, state of São Paulo. 27 species were detected, with a total of 1194 records. During the spring, there was an increase in the richness of species and infrastructure being used, and two species started to spend more time vocalizing. There was a predominance of the use of antennas for maintenance activities, landing, lateral and alternate jumping, vocalization, social-agonistic, sentry, and short flights. Roofs were the most used substrate for activities on perching, reproductive behavior, nesting, and long flights. Hão was the most used structure for foraging activity. There was no direct relationship between species richness and the number of pedestrians and vehicles. It is concluded that there is a need for studies emphasizing the importance of gray infrastructures, as well as the need to include these gray infrastructures, together with green areas, in conservation planning to better adapt urban environments to avifauna.
Clonagem e expressão de uma xilanase presente no (Meta)transcriptoma do Cupim da espécie Heterotermes tenuis e sua importante aplicação na produção de biocombustíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Ciancaglini, Iara; Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8939493094129525
Xylanases are an important group of enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of the xylan glycosidic chain forming xylose and xylobiosis. Mainly noteworthy is endo-1,4-β-xylanase, a hemicellulase capable of cleaving the β-1,4 type glycosidic bond that exists in the hemicellulose chains present in the lignocellulosic material - bagasse and straw - resulting from the production of first generation ethanol. Its activity in the structure of hemicellulose is related to its application in the production of biofuels, because if produced and isolated, it can be used in the hydrolysis of biomass in the industrial production of second generation ethanol (2G). Such an enzyme can be found in a variety of genera of bacteria and yeasts, in addition to insects, protozoa and seaweed. Its application is varied and can be seen in other approaches, such as in the paper, food, feed and beverage industries. Termites are eusocial insects, with a high biomass degradation capacity, performing this task in hours, unlike fungi that can take weeks. Thus, these insects become potential targets in enzymatic bioprospecting. Studies carried out by our group analyzing the transcriptome of Brazilian termite species have identified several potential targets as essential genes for application in combating this insect as well as enzymes to be produced heterologously as the scope of this work. The species chosen for this study was Heterotermes tenuis, as it is a pest species of sugarcane, which is the raw material for the production of first and second generation ethanol. In addition, this species has nocturnal habits, which indicates the production of enzymes with different characteristics from those already known. In a previous analysis, sequences identified as possible endo-1,4-β-xylanase were detected. In this context, the main objective of this work was to amplify the coding region, clone and express this enzyme in a heterologous system, in order to evaluate its activity for a possible application in the production of second generation ethanol.
Efeito do Programa de exercícios físicos em contexto domiciliar em idosos com doença de Alzheimer (AD-HOMEX) na força muscular, na mobilidade funcional e na funcionalidade: um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-08) Cezar, Natália Oiring de Castro; Ansai, Juliana Hotta; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1028110691131464; Andrade, Larissa Pires de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0391045921023843
Background: Physical exercise in the home environment may be an important non-pharmacological intervention strategy for the older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to their greater adherence and ease for the caregiver. Few studies have analyzed the implications of this type of intervention on muscle strength, functional mobility and functionality. Aims: To verify the effect of the home-based physical exercise program for older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD-HOMEX) in older people with AD on muscle strength, functional mobility and functionality. Method: This is a clinical trial with 40 older people from the community with AD in mild and moderate phases, randomized into Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG). The IG performed exercises, aimed at functionality, muscle strength, balance, cognitive, aerobic endurance, and motor dual task at home for 16 weeks, three times a week. The CG did not perform any intervention. The clinical trial followed the recommendations of CONSORT and SPIRIT. Participants were evaluated by blind examiners regarding the allocation of the groups, initially (M1) and after 16 weeks (M2). The evaluation consisted of anamnesis, muscle strength measurements (isokinetic and manual dynamometer, sit and stand test 5 times (5XSTS) and 30 seconds), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go) and functionality (Direct Assessment of Functional Status and Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire-ADL-Q). The multivariate analysis of variance tested the interaction between groups (intervention and control) and moments (M1 and M2). A significance level of α=0.05 was adopted. Results: 40 and 35 participants were evaluated in moment 1 and moment 2, respectively. Four participants from the IG and one participant from the CG were lost. There was high adherence to training (80%) and sessions (93.75%). There was a significant interaction between group and moment for 5XSTS (p = 0.011) and for ADL-Q (p = 0.001). The GI improved the performance between moments by the 5XSTS (p = 0.020) and by the ADL-Q (p = 0.006) and showed a reduction in the risk of falls (p = 0.00) and in the severity of the functional impairment (p = 0.005), while the CG worsened both (p = 0.006; p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that the AD-HOMEX significantly increased muscle strength and functionality, in addition to decreasing the risk of falls. The home-based protocol favored good adherence and adherence, since it does not require commuting, enabling better cost-benefit for these older people, their caregivers and therapists. AD-HOMEX contributes to advances in the area of scientific research on this population and the protocol serves as a theoretical foundation for the development of measures for clinical interventions and health promotion, in order to prevent debilitating complications resulting from the disease. Therefore it can be a guide for clinical professionals in the development of effective intervention strategies with physical exercise that neutralize adverse outcomes and maximize the clinical course of the disease.