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Análise de viabilidade econômica e ambiental para a implantação de sistema de geração de energia renovável em uma residência unifamiliar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Souza, Luciano Gonçalves de; Sousa, Maria Carolina Chaves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0164488794718542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3712935375356225
The demand for energy has been increasing since the industrial revolution, mainly of oil and coal, resulting in the exhaustion of its deposits and the pollution of the environment. Due to the environmental liabilities generated by these forms of energy and the scarcity of these natural resources, the need for replacing these energy matrices arose, giving space for the use of renewable energy. This is a case study of economic and environmental feasibility for the implementation of photovoltaic system in a single-family residence. From an economic point of view, in a period of 25 years, there is an estimated reduction in electricity expenditure of 85.2%, and this applies to monthly consumption as well, the system has a useful life of 25 years and the cost of installing the equipment is paid in a relatively short time; in the case of this study, the return time was 4 years, but it varies between 4 and 6 years. In the analysis of environmental viability, the negative ecological balance was obtained as a result, making the photovoltaic system for the analyzed residence ecologically unsustainable, because residents consume resources above the biocapacity of the planet from nature.
Estudo sobre o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos industriais em uma indústria do segmento têxtil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Metidieri, Eduardo Nascimento; Fajardo, Poliana Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6679206417866918; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3865025495778470
The concern with solid waste has become an increasingly frequent topic of discussion in society. Inadequate disposal and environmental impacts generated by the industrial sector are being less and less tolerated by consumers. The textile sector has an expressive participation in the generation of solid waste and environmental impacts that, if not treated correctly, can cause irreversible damage to the environment. Thus, this work aims to study the management of solid waste from the manufacturing process of a textile industry, which produces articles for bed, table and bath, located in the city of Votorantim-SP. The applied methodology is based on an action research that will address in an organized manner activities that will make it possible to identify risks, quantify costs, establish and apply methods and raise stakeholder awareness of the importance of correct waste disposal. The results obtained through this work were the elaboration of the flowchart of the industrial production processes, the identification of the current waste disposal sites, the survey of the risks of inadequate disposal, the analysis of the failure modes and elaboration of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - FMEA, the indication of new points of disposal and selective collection, the preparation of a booklet on the correct disposal of waste and the assessment of electricity consumption. Finally, it is concluded that this research used tools for waste management and management, resulting in its complete implementation, favoring the mitigation of environmental impacts arising from the production process.
Automação no processo de pintura aeronáutica como alternativa na sustentabilidade ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Menezes, Eliud Rodrigues; Daltin, Daniel Celso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2569130557920529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7633299475485745
Sustainability in industrial processes is a requirement in accordance with environmental legislation, in addition to being a competitive strategy for organizations, since it minimizes solid waste and there is economical resources, among others. In the aeronautical sector there are several processes that can be applied to the concepts of sustainability, and one of the processes is the preparation and painting of aircraft generates solid residues, liquid effluents and atmospheric emissions. In addition to causing environmental impacts, the generation of waste represents waste of raw material and energy and requires high investments in pollution control and treatment techniques. Given this context, the general object of this work was to analyze the process in an industrial painting booth in the aeronautical sector and as a specific objective to implement improvements in this process through industrial automation, aiming at process efficiency and environmental sustainability. The research was based on a Case Study of the painting process of an aeronautical industry. The main results were: a 65% reduction in solid waste, a 60% reduction in water consumption, a 40% reduction in the emission of gases into the atmosphere, minimization of sick leave due to occupational diseases with zero sick leave.
Análise de relatório público de monitoramento de qualidade de recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Ribeiro Júnior, Oséias; Silva Junior, Francisco José Rodrigues da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8480597715627519; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3685898940001630
The importance of water for life and for the economy, its heterogeneous availability, and the different interests involved in its uses brought the need for Water Resources Management. This management uses water monitoring data as a reference for decision making. Monitoring networks can establish benchmarks and identify trends in water quality, which is needed for river basin planning. The objective of this study was to analyze the monitoring reports of the Nacional Water Agency (ANA) and Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB) to suggest improvements that can strengthen the monitoring networks so that they can be used in more complex applications in water planning. Additionally, it aims to propose the use of monitoring data for modeling of water bodies in environmental licensing. For data analysis, it was used information from the UGRHI-06 region (Alto Tiete), CETESB, InfoÁGUAS database, meta data from the ANA repository, and Electric Energy and Water Department (DAEE) for the same region were used. As a quality reference, the nine parameters that make up the Water Quality Index (IQA) were used to check the possibility of using public reporting data in situations that the system modeling may be required. The water quality data series showed some temporal gaps that make it impossible to set up a robust database and compare it with hydrological data, demonstrating that the current monitoring system has its importance, but it is not mature for more complex applications.
Gestão e Identificação de resíduos sólidos gerados na reforma de uma indústria para análise e eficiência do processo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Alves, Douglas Willian; Entrim, Gabrielle Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7303584178612881; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6078791507264134
Nowadays, there are environmental concerns with the amount of waste generated in various processes, and in particular, in civil construction with the construction, renovation and demolition processes that are major waste generators. About this process, there is a need for studies to minimize the generation of waste. In this work, we present a method to qualify the reform process in a pharmaceutical industry. For this, an analysis of the process of all solid waste that can be generated in each phase of the reform in the production area is made. Subsequently, an analysis of the quantities, characteristics of each waste and its environmental impacts was carried out. Finally, the reference model was built and the analysis was carried out in each phase of the reform, which were assisted during the Supervised Internship discipline. After this process, the results were presented to verify the efficiency and applicability of the model for other reform projects.
Gestão de resíduos em uma panificadora utilizando as técnicas de Produção mais Limpa (P+L) e de educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Alves, Mariana Orlandi; Martins, Gabriela Rebello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3972827387642192; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1859081973741874
This work aims to analyze the generation and management of solid waste, also improve the environmental management through environmental education focused on clean production, from a bakery located in Juquehy, São Sebastião, in the state of São Paulo. Through weighing experiments and environmental education “classes”, bakery employees are expected to have greater knowledge about urban solid waste management (MSW) and, therefore, to become aware of this very important subject for society today.
Utilização de lodo proveniente de estações de tratamento de água e de tratamento de esgoto para produção de tijolos: estudos de casos da Petrobrás e da Votorantim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Silva, Valdir Francisco da; Fajardo, Poliana Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6679206417866918; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0384847048474023
Water plays an important role in the industry and for its proper use in oil refining, prior treatment is necessary, as occurs in the Water Treatment Station of a Petrobras refinery, in Paulínia-SP (ETA / Replan), during which a chemical sludge is generated, which need an appropriate destination to avoid causing environmental impacts and not compromising their disposal sites. Another important component of the industries are the Sanitary Sewage Treatment Stations - ETEs, like the pulp and paper industry station, in Votorantim-SP (ETE / VCP), which also produce sludge, although more organic. Both the sludge from ETAs and ETEs must receive an adequate destination in order not to cause negative environmental impacts. Thus, the general objective of this work is to study the technical feasibility of incorporating the sludge from ETA / Replan and ETE - VCP into clayey clay for the manufacture of bricks. The study was carried out in partnership with a pottery that, in addition to red clays and slabs, used the sludge from ETA / Replan and ETE / VCP in the composition of the bricks. The equipment and procedures necessary for the analyzes were provided by external laboratories, as required by CETESB. Both waste from ETE / VCP and ETA / Replan were classified as Class II - non-inert and non-hazardous, which indicates a high potential for use as a raw material in construction materials. The addition of residues in the mortar did not significantly alter the water absorption of the bricks, which averaged 20.7%. There was an increase in compressive strength with the incorporation of the sludge residue from ETA / Replan around 9%, with an average of 12.4 Mpa. The results allow us to conclude that the residues added to the mortar are suitable for use in construction materials.
Análise do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos do Município de Ilha Solteira - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-01-23) Silva, Guilherme Sanches da; Moreira, Marco Antonio Albano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8752869618450759; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8524172800310311
The generation of solid urban waste in the municipalities has increased significantly through the population growth, the economy advance, the rapid urbanization process and the changes in consumption patterns. In the midst of this complex scenario, municipal management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) becomes a major challenge for public administration, which seeks through integrated management to find environmentally sustainable, socially fair and economically viable solutions. Based on Brazilian Fedral Law Nº. 12,305 of August 2, 2010, which institutes the National Solid Waste Policy, this study aims to investigate the Integrated Management of Urban Solid Waste (GIRSU), which encompass generation, treatment, collection, transportation, processing and transformation stages and final disposal. The study was applied to the municipality of Ilha Solteira - SP, where the integral parts of the municipal solid waste management system of the municipality were analyzed, from the generation of solid waste to its final destination in landfills and / or separation and commercialization by the recyclable materials cooperative of the municipality.