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Medidas de tendência central e dispersão: uma abordagem com alunos da 3ª série do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Siqueira, Jemima Rodrigues de; Pires, Rogério Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797562979076880
This research aims to investigate the implications of a teaching sequence that places the student as the protagonist of the teaching and learning process involving the study of Central Tendency and Dispersion Measures. This experimentation was mainly based on the ideas of Paulo Freire, Vygotski and Iddo Gal, respectively. The qualitative research involved the participation of 35 students of the 3rd grade of High School in the evening period of a public school in the state, located in the city of Araçariguama / SP. The students were responsible for collecting the information, conducting a data survey among the students of the class, based on themes related to their daily lives, which were susceptible to tabulation. From the analysis it was possible to verify that the accomplishment of a sequence of differentiated activities, participative and contextualized with the reality of the students values the involvement and the autonomy of the students. It was also possible to avoid using ready-made formulas, in the teaching and learning process involving the study of Central Tendency Measures and Dispersion Measures, a factor that contributed to the construction of knowledge.
Ocupações infantis e pandemia da COVID-19: a percepção das mães
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Betti, Ana Claudia Moron; Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2540775507458957
Occupations, the object of study and practice in Occupational Therapy, are understood as human, daily activities, which people perform individually, in family or in the community, with purposes and meanings. Children, as they perform occupations, learn, master and put into practice new skills, develop autonomy and independence and feelings of belonging and self-esteem. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the adoption of distance measures and adjustments in the formats of school and work activities were taken in a worldwide proportion, as a way to reduce the spread of the virus. Questioning the influences of social distance in children's occupations and the challenges and coping strategies encountered by families, this study aimed to analyze, from the perspective of guardians, the influence of social distance on the participation of children from 4 to 6 years old in their occupations and routines, during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identifying the resources available and used by families to support and promote participation in this context. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire answered by the adults responsible for the child. 330 responses were obtained, from which statistical analysis (closed questions) and thematic analysis (open questions) were carried out. The research reached a not very heterogeneous group of participants, recognized as a limitation of the study, however, stimulating discussions about the routines and occupations of children and families. It was identified that, although the routine changes may have restricted the opportunities for occupations, the routines were structuring for the participation in the occupations. Regarding families, influenced by the socioeconomic and cultural contexts and central to the construction and support of these routines, the mothers' overload with domestic tasks, work and care for their children stood out; the mental health of adults and children and the strengthening of family bonds. Opportunities were identified to monitor the global development of their children, in addition to gains in autonomy, independence and participation in domestic tasks. About school occupation and the role of students, we discussed the changes in the performance of this occupation, the harmful influences caused by the reduction of social contact with people at school, the challenges of adults in accumulating tasks and following classes, but also about possibilities to monitor and participate in children's school development. Regarding the support and information networks found by the families, the role of the teacher was highlighted as the main source of information identified by the families and about the families themselves as the main source of emotional support. It is hoped that, as students of the occupations, we can recognize and value the routines and natural contexts and encourage children and their families to find meaning and purpose in their occupations, intervening in a joint construction, not as a standardized orientation to be followed. It is suggested that future studies seek greater heterogeneity related to the age group of the participants, socioeconomic characteristics, education, focus on gender discussions including maternal overload and listening to the children's perception as protagonists of this process.
Mágicas para o ensino de aritmética: uma análise sob a ótica da teoria sócio-histórica de Vygotsky e da BNCC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Cetra, Janete Castaldi Ortiz; Pires, Rogério Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4033470780543602
Difficulties in learning mathematical content and the lack of motivation on the part of students leads that most of them do not acquire elementary skills for school stages. When presenting or elaborating a magic, the student gets involved with the activity and interacts with colleagues. Once this experience may become interesting and pleasurable, it may facilitate the learning of the contents covered. Therefore, it is necessary to use alternative strategies that raise the desire of learning mathematics. This work aims to present mathematical magics as a didactic alternative for learning the subject in question. In this qualitative research of a bibliographic nature, 20 magics from the book Magics, Mathematics and other mysteries were analyzed and related to the mathematical content covered in the Elementary - Final Years - and in High School. In addition, the analysis also included the skills recommended by the BNCC and contributions from of the playful formats defended by Vygotsky. It was identified 21 contents of Mathematics in Basic Education and 19 skills present in BNCC, which enables the use of this research as a support material in this phase of teaching. Thus, this study points out an alternative method for mathematics classes in order to develop the skills proposed by BNCC.
A gamificação no ensino: utilização de recursos sensoriais na aprendizagem de fundamentos matemáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Gonçalves, Fabrício Pimentel; Massago, Sadao; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1915704875970931; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2700820251198687
The objective of this work is to study how games can be used in learning environments, to seek how to carry out this experience and to present results in recent academic research. This work examines how games affect the relationship between students and gamification tools. As a method, bibliographic research was used in order to understand what gamification is and to find examples of gamification in teaching. Subsequently, a survey was conducted in the class of a Technical course in Electrotechnics to study how students connect with the gamified teaching tools. The results obtained show that, for the selected scenarios, the use of this teaching tool allows students to obtain greater motivation and interest in comparison with traditional lessons.
Contribuições do Programa Híbrido de Mentoria (PHM) da UFSCar para o desenvolvimento profissional docente: perspectiva de professoras iniciantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Barros, Janailza Moura de Sousa; Souza, Ana Paula Gestoso de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2662760426985944; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0533284805693336
This dissertation aimed to identify and analyze if / and how the Hybrid Mentoring Program (HMP) contributed to the professional development of beginning teachers participating in it. The data analyzed was from oral and written narratives. HMP is a program that monitors and assists early-career teachers. The theoretical framework was based on the literature on teacher education, teaching profession, beginning teacher, learning about teaching, professional development of teaching and induction programs. The data used in this investigation refer to the narratives and productions developed in the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) by four beginning teachers of the Early Years of Elementary Education and, also, an interview (online) contemplating aspects related to the education process, pedagogical practices and the learning developed during the program. The data showed that the main motivations of teachers to join the program were related to the possibility of: sharing knowledge; learning from more experienced teachers; improving teaching practice. Regarding the expectations listed by the teachers, they were directed to: sharing experiences, difficulties, insecurities; learning new knowledge; answering questions regarding the classroom, the student; improving teaching action and assisting students in difficulties. Meanwhile, the manifested / perceived demands related to several scenarios: i. Class management: working with students, learning difficulties, with different classes regarding the level of learning; student behavior; unforeseen events; students' difficulties in the subjects of Portuguese and mathematics; difficulty in recognizing and working with students Target Audience of Special Education. ii. Teaching-Learning Process: how to design and apply activities according to the students' specificities; plan, develop and execute classes; how to work with students' difficulties in Portuguese and mathematics; iii. Teaching profession: insecurity and lack of experience; iv. School: handling and using materials requested / made available by the institution and / or educational agency. Regarding the knowledge base for teaching, the data showed little presence of pedagogical knowledge of the content; the existence of some evidence of the specific content domain; and what was most highlighted: general pedagogical knowledge domain. Finally, the contributions of participation in the program mentioned by the teachers were: i. For / by students: advances in reading, writing, interpreting and rewriting texts; progress in performing mathematical activities; improvement in student behavior, in group work. ii. For teaching practice: development of new teaching strategies; interact with students, with content; improvement in teaching practice; dealing with student behavior; greater security in planning, in the development of diversified / specific activities for each student; learned about evaluation strategies; understood how to perceive the students' level of difficulty / learning, how to assist in group work; organize the routine; improvement in the relationship with the children's families; iii. For the professional development of teachers: improving the knowledge base for teaching and the pedagogical reasoning process; they learned about the profession, training/education, identity and teaching responsibility; what it means to be a teacher (good teacher); about the classroom, students; about teaching practice.
Diagonalização de operadores e formas lineares: cônicas e quádricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Carl, João Victor Bolssone; Costa, Ivo Machado da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1111331485581633; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6515781364129222
In this work we will make applications of Linear Algebra to conics and quadrics. We will discuss the rotation and translation of these particular curves and surfaces and understand why the rotation process relates to with matrix diagonalization. We will see that the quadratic form of a conic or a quadric is associated to a symmetric bilinear shape and therefore to a self-adjoint linear operator. Given this fact and through theorems of Linear Algebra, we will show that the vector spaces R2 and R3 admit an orthonormal basis consisting of characteristics vectors. That basis that will be used to create a new system of orthogonal axis under which the conical or quadric will no longer be rotated, that is, the matrix of the quadratic form will become diagonal and with that property the quadratic form will lose mixed terms. In addition, we will bring examples of conics and quadrics in their canonical forms and we will also show the degenerate cases. We will still show some examples of conics and an example of quadric when they are rotated and translated in relation to the canonical cartesian system.
Os córregos do entorno escolar: proposta de educação ambiental através de temas geradores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Arjonas, Victor Holanda; Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4230456113275960
Environmental education is a transversal component that must be worked on at all levels of education in order to make it possible to understand the natural, social and political environment, raising awareness among populations about the importance of preserving the environment and the struggle for a more sustainable and fair society. The approach of local environmental issues and discussions between teachers, students and community seeking the overcoming of socio-environmental realities are essential for the construction of critical, liberating and transforming knowledge. Thus, this work seeks to analyze the socioenvironmental conditions of the Éden neighborhood, in Sorocaba-SP, raising the issue of water in an affluent stream of the Pirajibu-Mirim River, during a six-month period collecting samples of water bimonthly to analize physical- chemical parameters such as conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, turbidity and microfauna analysis using optical microscopy. It was verified that the release of effluents and residues changed the physicochemical and ecological parameters of this environment. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the suspension of face-to-face presential classes in schools throughout the State of São Paulo, the teaching proposal could not be applied, but using the information collected, it is proposed to use a progressive, transformative and liberating alternative to environmental education through the use of codifications-decodings and problematizations based on the Generating Themes method through the approach of the water pollution by industrial waste and urban sewage in a stream located on the path that students living in Jardim dos Pássaros, in the Eden neighborhood, use to arrive at Professor Doutor Gualberto Moreira and Professor Doutor Francisco Coccaro State Schools.
Fragilidade de idosos e fatores associados em contexto vulnerável: um estudo longitudinal na atenção primária em saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Jesus, Isabela Thaís Machado de; Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6262935093713981
The population aging raises speculation about the needs of care. The frailty has become a growing concern for the monitoring of integral care for the older adult through prevention, promotion and recuperation. To search the frailty and associated factors can to generate evidence to come improve planning in health care services and long-term care plans. The general objective of this study was: To analyze the relationship between health condition, functionality, quality of life, social support and frailty in the older adults evaluated in 2015 and 2018. At the same time, Describe the perception of community health agents in relation to the identification and monitoring of frailty in the older adults. Participated of the survey older adults with aged ≥ 60 years and members of the teams of 3 family health units. This was a study conducted in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo State. All ethical procedures for research with human beings were respected (No. Opinion: 2.424.616/2017). The study is accessible and disseminated through 3 articles, two of them longitudinal and one with qualitative design with members of the health teams. The first study aimed to assess the predictors of becoming frail between non-frail and vulnerable community-dwelling (n=163). During follow-up, 65.8% of vulnerable subjects became frail. Cox regression and multivariate models revealed that being female (HR: 1.82; 95%CI 1.12-2.94; p = 0.006), being vulnerable according to the Edmonton Frail Scale (HR: 1.69; 95%CI 1.05-2.70; p = 0.006) and having moderate concern of falling (HR=1.72, 95%CI 1.01 – 2.91; p = 0.04) were independent predictors of frailty The second study aimed to analyze whether social support predicts mortality among different frailty groups (n=263). Most study subjects (n=96) were non-frail at baseline and scored well on social support (median 97 points). The global mortality rate in 3 years was 11.8%. The Kaplan-Meier method showed that frail individuals (HR=6.23, CI 2.12-18.33) had an increased risk of mortality when compared with individuals from vulnerable groups (HR=2.34, CI 0.70-7.76). The same was observed when we estimated the HR adjusted to other variables. Material social support was independently associated to the mortality rate among frailty groups. The third article aimed to describe the perception of family health team members in relation to the identification and monitoring of frailty in the older adults, considering potentialities and challenges in the scope of primary health care. For data collection were made focus groups were conducted with12 members of family health teams. From the topics proposed for the discussion, the results obtained showed the use of instruments to identify frailty, monitoring through home visits and discussions in team meetings. Our results are observational and it was possible to highlight the predictors of frailty, as well as the predictors for social support and the appearance of mortality in older people in a socially vulnerable context. The qualitative findings showed the use of instruments for the identification and monitoring of frailty through home visits and team discussions.
Uma sequência didática para o ensino do tema: “produção e consumo de energia elétrica”.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Azevedo, Renata Correia de; Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277; Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8339912142994831
This dissertation aims to describe the elaboration, application, and results generated by a didactic sequence for the teaching of the theme production and consumption of electric energy, in a third grade class of the high school of the public school system of the State of São Paulo. The didactic sequence aimed at cognitive development and critical thinking of students on the theme of production and consumption of electricity. To make this possible, different teaching strategy were applied, among them: conceptual map, seminar, research, debate, case study, and simulated jury. Using the concepts of Antoni Zabala (1998) and Vygotsky's historical-cultural theory in the process of foundation and development, the didactic sequence sought to potentiate the cognitive advances of the students before the theme, facilitating the teaching-learning process. The theoretical-scientific foundation, together with the selected teaching strategies, were essential for the CTSA (Science, Technology, Society and Environment) approach when seeking to develop a critical sense in students before the concept worked. During the application and analysis of the results, evidence was found that the theoretical references of teaching together with the different teaching strategies proved to be efficient since the students demonstrated throughout the activities a better understanding of the concepts worked.
Avaliação de ações educacionais de educação especial em um município paulista de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Vertuan, Greice de Souza; Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9872426263961292
In the 21st century, in the Brazilian scenario, the National Education Plan (2014-2024) proposes, among other goals, goals for the educational attendance of the Special Education Target Audience (SETA), without, however, an evaluation instrument is available to analyze the specific situation of this public. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate aspects of the special education policy indicated by Goal 4 of the NEP (2014/2024), with the general objective of evaluating Special Education practices in regular schools in a small municipality in the state of São Paulo , from the perspective of SETA students, family members of SETA students, teachers of the common room and the Multifunctional Resource Room (MRR), support team, multidisciplinary team and managers, from their responses to an applied questionnaire used as an instrument evaluation. The questionnaire was analyzed from a qualitative and quantitative perspective in order to study and understand the effectiveness of educational inclusion actions, constituting this as an exploratory-descriptive, case study type. For this study, 4 axes of analysis were chosen: training, planning, pedagogical actions and evaluation; that emerged from the previous reading of the questionnaires, which allowed the understanding of the situation of Special Education in the municipality in question. Based on the analysis axes, it was possible to discuss 10 of the 19 strategies proposed by the PNE in Goal 4, however, the questionnaire would allow the analysis of 16 strategies. The instrument can be considered efficient for the assessment of Special Education in a municipality, however, its application had some limitations. In this analysis, it was still possible to verify the instrument's limitation in collecting data with more quantitative than qualitative aspects, in addition to the extension of some questionnaires, which made its application difficult. The use of questionnaires has shown the need to listen to the various actors in order to better understand the quality of education offered to SETA, the relevance of this instrument as an evaluation of education and support for the elaboration of public education policies, as well as the possibility of improvement for data collection. The need to evaluate the education offered to the SETA student is highlighted, since he has had access to regular schools, but his learning, when we think about the quality of teaching, and the universalization of services, as recommended by Goal 4, are still unsatisfactory.
Modelagem e simulação de uma célula a combustível alcalina a glicerol direto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-18) Castro, Ubiranilson João de; Sousa Júnior, Ruy de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-173X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0511237192868670
A wide range of work has been carried out with the aim of improving the operation of fuel cells and making them applicable in different situations, in which mathematical modeling and computer simulation are great allies. In the present work, a comprehensive multidimensional model for simulating direct glycerol fuel cell (DGFC) was developed, a promising technology that still requires evolution in its study by computational technique. The model developed in the scope of computational fluid dynamics corresponds to a complete cell fed by glycerol, including parallel flow channels, diffuser layers, catalytic regions and anion exchange membrane. The implementation took place in commercial software, ANSYS / FLUENT, using the ability to customize equations via UDFs (User Defined Functions). Available experimental data of current density versus cell potential were used to adjust the parameters of the ideal model and realistic model of glycerol oxidation at the anode. With this, it is possible to implement anodic reaction kinetics in the global computational model as mass flow UDFs and, with the simulations, obtain details of internal processes such as speed field, fraction of the species involved and their distribution throughout the cell. It appears that there are significant variations in flow velocity and mass fractions of the species inside the device, which may result in a distribution of inhomogeneous current density.