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A Educação ambiental no ensino superior: análise dos processos de ambientalização curricular e sua contribuição para o pensamento crítico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-02-28)
Borgonove, Carolina Motta
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Zeidler, Vânia Gomes Zuin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8320912476985569
The process of "environmentalizing the curriculum" has been turned the main way of educational transformation to the development of more sustainable societies. This process has great importance in the academic context, where the basic formation of a high number of diverses professionals of which will work with many environmental matters, promoting in the academic institutions the thinking about their role about the alternative demands to the current one model of civilization. Regarding this, the goal of the present research is to understand the way of these processes of environmentalizing the curriculum into the academic institutions during the last 20 years, through of analysis of researched publications nationals’ magazines about the issue. Specifically, we tried to understand how environmentalizing the curriculum process have been contributed for the construction of environmental education within a critical and emancipatory perspective in the academic institutions and with this process is occurring, trying to highlight the barriers, challengers and the successful experiences found in its establishment. The theoretical background guiding this study is the Critical Theory of Frankfurter and the Critical Environmental Education, both allow a complex analysis of the environmental matters with their interface among the social and educational regards. The data base of this study was selected from the published researches indexed in the Academic Google, and CAPES Plataform, occurred in the last 20 years, using the following keywords: "environmentalizing curricular", "environmental education", “higher education”. The research methodology used was discursive textual analysis. The results point out that the environmentalizing the curriculum process had an important increase in the last decade, driven by the growth of the environmental debate and the demands of the labor market, but this process has been still incipient to deal with the challenges that it wants to attend. What has been observed is the treatment of the environmental matters in a simple way, through the specific subjects, that many times highlight technical aspects of environmental issues, aiming for practical solutions with short durability. It is pointed too, the lack of an epistemological and methodological identity where the environmental education can be localized, making difficult the process enviromentalizing the curriculum within a critical and emancipatory perspective. Regarding this, the main suggesting pointed out in the present study to overcome these barriers were: the treatment of environmental issues in a complex, interdisciplinary and mandatory way in curricula, the creation of institutional spaces for the continuous training of teachers, the integration between public policies for teacher education and public policies in EE, in order to overcome deficiencies in the initial and continuing training of teachers as well as the environmentalization of the entire campus, including teaching, research, extension and university management.
Análise numérica da influência do tamanho e posicionamento de aberturas adjacentes a pilares de seção quadrada em sistemas estruturais de lajes lisas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-01)
Küster, Leandro Dias
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Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0718993595233743
The objective of the work was the theoretical and numerical study of the structural behavior of the reinforced concrete slab-column connection for models with different dimensions and opening positions close to the column. A wide bibliographic review on the subject was carried out, raising topics related to structural behavior, tests, numerical simulations and models of rupture load prediction. The methodology used consisted of calibrating a numerical reference model and subsequently a parametric study was carried out addressing the dimensions and positions of openings in a reference model, using the ABAQUS® software. In the numerical simulation it was verified the importance in the dilation angle, viscosity and refinement of the mesh to understand the structural behavior. It was also identified that the test conditions adopted directly interfere in the numerical response, which makes a standard test model necessary. Regarding the parametric study, it was identified that openings located at the edge of the column are more harmful to the slab than openings located at the apex. Regarding the position of the opening, it is clear that the closer to the column, the greater its effect in reducing the model's resistant capacity of the slab. Regarding the size of the opening, it was possible to notice that it has no direct relationship with the reduction of the load capacity. Regarding theoretical models, the Fib Model Code (2010) was the one that came closest to the numerical results, with adaptations being proposed in the normative equations of the codes NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014), ACI 318 (2019) and Eurocode 2 (2004) for approximation of results. Finally, it was found that openings located from the pillar 3d do not significantly interfere with the structural behavior, however, there is a need to continue the parametric study to better understand the puncture phenomenon and the need for a standard test to better compare the results of different authors.
Imagens espectrais do processo de agregação da insulina por complexos metálicos luminescentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-01)
Pereira, Lorena Maria Borges
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Carlos, Rose Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7446682563393163
Insulin is a protein hormone synthesized by β cells in the pancreas, which regulates the level of glucose in the blood. This protein was the first biopharmaceutical produced on an industrial scale for the treatment of diabetic patients. However, the formation of amyloid insulin aggregates is one of the most common and problematic processes found during the production, storage and distribution of drugs based on this hormone, since this process reduces the effectiveness of drugs and, consequently, limits treatment of diabetic patients. The present work aims to monitor in vitro the process of aggregation of bovine insulin using the cis- [Ru (phen)2(3,4-Apy) 2]2+ complex as a luminescent probe. The complex has an intense absorption band in the ultraviolet region (λmax = 260 nm, ε = 70 200 mol-1.L.cm-1) typical of the transitions of unsaturated aromatic ligands (ILCT) and a wide absorption band in the region visible (λmax = 440 nm, ε = 9 650 mol-1.L.cm-1) attributed to the charge transfer transition from metal to ligand (MLCT, Ru, dπ → phen, π*). The complex has a maximum emission at 655 nm, after being excited at 480 nm, an emission lifetime (em) of 60.88 and 0.594 ns in phosphate buffer pH 7.0, with a Stokes shift of around 4 800 cm-1. These spectroscopic properties indicate the potential of this complex for application as a luminescent probe in a biological environment. The insulin aggregation process was investigated as a function of the incubation time, in the absence and presence of the cis-[Ru(phen)2(3,4-Apy)2]2+ complex. From the luminescence assays it was possible to observe that the complex can monitor the insulin aggregation kinetics. The limit for insulin fiber detection was 0.85 M. This low detection limit value indicates that the complex is efficient in detecting amyloid species. The interaction affinity of the complex with the amyloid fibrils was evaluated through the dissociation constant (Kd), the calculated Kd value corresponds to 13.50 ± 1.84 M. The stoichiometry of the ligand between complex and fibers was determined as 1 complex: 2 insulin fibers. Fluorescence microscopy images indicate that it can act as an amyloid marker. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the complex can act as an amyloid marker in the insulin aggregation process.
Síntese de Mg2NiH4 para armazenagem de hidrogênio em compósito polimérico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-01)
Matheus, Felipe Henrique
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Oliveira, Verona Biancardi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6209504580928538
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Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987
In this work, powder production routes based on Mg2NiH4 are investigated, utilizing high-energy reactive milling; thermal treatment procedures, and hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles, which promote controlled decrepitation, capable of storing and releasing hydrogen at 250 °C, maintaining a high absorption capacity. This material was utilized to obtain a Mg2NiH4-PMMA metal-polymer composite with a maximum work temperature of 250 °C due to possible degradation of PMMA at higher temperatures. The production of this composite aims to create a protective barrier with the polymer, blocking contaminants such as O2 e H2O presents in the atmosphere. The composite production routes were investigated, using high-energy reactive milling with and without the addition of THF solvent. It was verified that the high-energy reactive milling, followed by thermal treatment procedures and controlled decrepitation, can be utilized to produce Mg2NiH4 with the desired properties. Using these techniques, a material based on Mg2NiH4 was obtained with an absorption capacity of 3.5 wt. % at 300 °C and 3 wt. % at 250 °C and with good hydrogen absorption kinetics, reaching absorption plateaus in less than a minute in some cases, so this route was considered ideal to the production of the storage metallic material to be utilized in the metal-polymer composite. However, the results from the production of storage metal-polymer composites by the milling techniques are inconclusive, indicating that more studies are necessary to evaluate these production techniques.
Eletrodo de pasta de carbono modificado com solvente eutético profundo hidrofóbico e sua aplicação voltamétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-01)
Augusto, Karen Kenlderi de Lima
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7421215665128985
In this work, the use of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was proposed for the modification of carbon paste electrodes. Different HDES were prepared using fatty acids: octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic acids, and tetrabutylammonium bromide, and 1-octanol. The electrical conductivities and the water content of these HDES were determined, and the HDES and their precursors were characterized by FTIR(ATR). The HDES TBABr:DecA (1:2 mol/mol) showed better electroanalytical performance in modifying the proposed electrode, therefore was selected as a modifier/ binder in the preparation of carbon pastes. The modified electrode was morphologically characterized and, it was observed changes in its morphology resulting from the incorporation of HDES in the carbon paste. The electroanalytical performance of the electrodes was evaluated and characterized using cyclic and square wave voltammetry. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies were carried out using hydroquinone as the electrochemical probe. Studies were carried out to optimize the amount of HDES in the pastes, pH, support electrolyte type, and instrumental parameters of the square wave voltammetry technique. In studies by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, lower values of Rct (322 Ω), and higher values of k0 e kapp, 1.42×10-4 cm s-1e 1.65×10- 4 cm s-1, respectively, were obtained for the modified electrode. Using square wave voltammetry technique, the analytical curve for hydroquinone was linear in the concentration range of 1.50×10-5 to 2.04×10-3 mol L-1, with limits of detection and quantification of 4.59×10-6 mol L-1 and 1.53×10-5 mol L-1, respectively. In repeatability studies (inter and intra-days) and, potential interference, the proposed method showed to be precise and selective. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by determining hydroquinone in dermatologic creams. The results were compared with those obtained using the comparative method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.
Coalizões no subsistema da política do acordo de Associação Mercosul-União Europeia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-01)
Grego, Letícia Bernardes de Mello
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5056449990631186
The Mercosur - European Union Association Agreement was finalized in June 2019, after approximately 20 years of negotiation. The member countries and other actors had divergent interests and expressed their opposition or support to the agreement under various arguments, while protectionism of the agricultural sector of the European Union was the most prominent justification among the opponents. While some actors stand out for how they emphasized their position, it is unclear which coalitions are behind the forces that guided the negotiations and which actors took part in them. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) offers the theoretical basis for the study of coalitions, which is a way for individuals and organizations to join their resources and knowledge in order to imprint their preferences in public policies. This work had the objective of identifying the coalitions of the subsystem of the negotiations of the Mercosur-European Union Association Agreement between 2010 and 2019, by verifying the presence of the two minimum attributes of a coalition, according to Weible et al. (2019): the presence of actors who constantly tried to influence the outcome of the policy and shared policy-core beliefs. Process tracing was used to validate hypotheses formulated about which main state actors shared policy-core beliefs. A coalition between France, Ireland and Belgium was identified in advocacy of higher protectionism of the EU agricultural from 2010 to 2019. These same states formed a coalition that demanded stricter environmental protection policies from the signatories as a condition of the Agreement in 2019. Brazil, Spain and Uruguay formed a coalition in support of trade liberalization between the blocs, of which Paraguay has been a part since 2015.
Energia de biomassa como uma perspectiva para o problema energético e ambiental de São Tomé e Príncipe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-03)
Apresentação, Marcos de Jesus Fonseca de
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Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
Among renewable energies, bioenergy is the one with the greatest participation in the global energy mix, corroborating with the various studies carried out in the area. Today, in the scopus search string alone, there are about 31,000 scientific articles in the field. To analyze the large amount of literature in the area, the method of systematic bibliographic review (RBS) was used. The objective of the first article was to understand the bioenergy scenario, answering the 4 questions: What is the bioenergy scenario in the World and in Africa; What are the main cultures used; Which harness technologies are being employed; What are the main benefits and implications that its use brings. For this, the model proposed by Conforto et al. (2011). The results show that, since the year 2000, bioenergy has been promoted as an alternative source of energy and has become part of the policy, which has led to the continuous growth of research. Currently, research around the world is focused on carbon dioxide capture and storage bioenergy (BECCS) and scenario analysis. As for the African continent, although the government is interested in modern bioenergy and in the implementation of several projects related to bioenergy, traditional biomass is still the main source of energy. The cause of this problem is the lack of clear policies and coordination with researchers. Regarding the third question, the most used raw materials are: waste, forest, wood, sugar cane, seaweed, jatobá, oil palm, grass, corn, coal, miscanthus. The use of these raw materials for bioenergy brings many benefits, such as: gender equality, reduction of social inequality, improvement of living conditions, income generation, sustainable economic development, reduction of deforestation, reduction of air pollution and better destination of these waste. Pondering these benefits, the objective of the second article was to analyze the bioenergetic potential of the main energy cultures of São Tomé and Príncipe and to point out some of the benefits that may arise from their use. For this calculation, the formula proposed by the Bioenergy Atlas of Brazil in 2012 was used, obtaining an energy potential of 4.5 GW / year, where 80% of this potential was from two cocoa and banana crops. Considering the potential of these two cultures, the third article proposed the manufacture of briquettes. For this, norms of ISO, NBR of ABNT were adapted, for the immediate analysis and for the other performed analyzes. It was found that it is possible to produce briquettes with these two cultures, without the use of binder and temperature. São Tomé and Príncipe can benefit greatly from bioenergy, increasing the share of renewable energy in its electrical matrix, decreasing the dependence on imported diesel, reducing losses indistribution by installing small decentralized systems and other benefits mentioned throughout this work.
Análise de textos por meio de processos estocásticos na representação word2vec
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-03)
Massoni, Gabriela
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Stern, Rafael Bassi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7846211197320014
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0694571733841497
Within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), the word2vec model has been extensively explored in the field of vector representation of words. It is a neural network that is based on the hypothesis that similar words have similar contexts. In the literature in general, the text is represented by the mean vector of the representations of its words, which, in turn, is used as an explanatory variable in predictive models. An alternative is, in addition to averages, to use other measures, such as standard deviation and position measures. However, the use of these measures assumes the order of the words does not matter. Thus, in this dissertation we explore the use of stochastic processes, in particular, Time Series Models and Hidden Markov Models (HMM), to incorporate the "chronological" order of words in the construction of explanatory variables from the vector representation given by word2vec. The impact of this approach is measured with the quality of the predictive models of real data and compared to the usual ones. For the analysed data, the proposed approaches have a result that is superior to or equivalent to the usual approaches in most cases.
Evolução de fases durante a hidratação do cimento portland brasileiro por difração de raios x
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-03)
Gonçalves, Beatriz
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
The physicochemical properties of cementitious materials are determined by the mineralogy and hydration process of the cement. In 2018, the ABNT NBR 16697 standard was published, unifying eight standards related to Portland cement. The main changes occurred in the composition, with the increase of the permitted content of the additions. The increase of the addition content in the cement indicated the need of a better understanding of its mineralogy and phase evolution upon hydration. The project aims to understand phases evolution during the hydration of two commercial Portland cements (CP II-F 40) using XRD, focusing on the in situ technique, which had the results compared with the conventional ex situ technique. To understand phases development during hydration, the following methodology were adopted: powdered cements characterization (anhydrous), cementitious pastes characterization with different hydration ages (from 15 minutes to 28 days), in situ and ex situ characterization of the phases progress within hydration. Complementary standardized thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and compression tests were performed, and the results related to the evolution of phases. The cement with higher alite and aluminate levels showed faster C-S-H and portlandite phase development and more pronounced formation of AFm phases. The ex situ XRD made it possible to quantify the contents of each constituent over time, including amorphous content, and proved to be effective in identifying aluminate hydrates that can affect the performance of CP II-F cements. The in situ method offers time savings, but it is still necessary to develop more accessible approaches for rapid quantification.
Avaliação do efeito “priming” na qualidade do vermicomposto de Eichhornia crassipes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-03)
Kotsubo, Karolina
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Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2944939744248135
In eutrophicated environments, aquatic macrophytes reproduce rapidly and occupy large areas, hindering the multiple uses of water resources. The use of the biomass of these plants in vermicomposting represents a sustainable alternative. The objective of this work consists in the evaluation of the vermicomposting using macrophyte biomass and the addition of organic and inorganic substances to this process. The hypothesis that motivated this study is that the enrichment by organic and inorganic substances increases the fertility of the produced compost and the consumption of the biomass by the annelids. The enrichment of macrophyte biomass during vermicomposting by inorganic NPK (1.75% and 3.5%) and organic glucose (0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L) solutions was tested. Humidity and temperature did not prove to be limiting to the process, remaining within the standard for vermicomposting. The pH and the electrical conductivity also had an expected behavior for vermicomposting. The efficiency of biomass consumption of the treatments with NPK were 21.57% and 8.7% higher than the control. For the treatments with glucose, the efficiency was 51.5% and 40.5% higher than the control. Both treatments showed superior quality of the compost formed when compared to the control. Regarding humification, the enrichment with NPK was intermediate, with higher values of humic substances formed and higher humification indicated by the E2/E3 ratio. The enrichment with glucose showed higher nutritional potential due to higher biomass consumption efficiency, higher humification represented by the E4/E6 ratio, and higher fertility values for total organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium. The data confirmed the initial hypothesis that both organic and inorganic enrichment would improve the quality of the generated compost and biomass consumption. Glucose caused a positive effect to the compost formed, with increased fertility and vermicomposting efficiency, besides being low cost, easy to obtain and apply. Despite the improvement in the composts, they prove to be inadequate for full use as fertilizer, being suggested the combination with other fertilizers and favoring soil moisture and structuring.
Comportamento coordenado e individual em duplas de ratos sob esquema de intervalo variável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-03)
Santos, Letícia dos
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8469573182798669
The combined behavior of two or more individuals is subject to selection by the consequences of the environment, in the same way as individual operant behavior. Previous studies used an interdependence procedure to investigate the response- reinforcement relationship and the effects of the type of reinforcement schedule on coordinated behavior. One of the studies investigated the effects of parametric manipulation in a fixed-ratio schedule (FR 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 50, and 70), on the performance of pairs of rats, under two conditions, one that required temporally coordinated responses of the two members of each pair, and another in which the reinforcer was delivered for independent individual responses (Coordinated versus Individual Condition). The results obtained showed that the function that relates the total rate of responses to the size of the reinforcement ratio had an inverted U shape, both for coordinated responses and for the responses of rats that worked individually, replicating the function obtained with individual organisms in previous studies. The coordinated response patterns also replicated those obtained with individual organisms: the higher the ratio of the schedule, the higher was post-reinforcement pauses. Considering researches on coordinated responses and reinforcement schedules, the present study aimed to investigate coordinated behavior as a function of parameters of variable-interval schedules (VI), that generates different patterns from the FR schedules, aiming to increase the understanding of selection processes of coordinated responses among rats. Planned as a systematic replication, where the main variable now is the rate of reinforcement and its variable distribution, the study explored the VI 5, 10 s, 20 s, 40 s, and 80 s intervals for a condition with no coordination requirement among rats, and the VI 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, 40 s, 60 s, 80 s, 120 s, 160 s and 320 s for a condition with a coordination requirement among the pairs, which were compared to each other. Six pairs of rats were used, three pairs for each condition. The results obtained indicated a bitonic function, in an inverted U shape, which relates response rate and reinforcement rate, replicating data from the extensive literature on the VI schedule for individual responses. This function was observed in the global response rates for the Coordinated Condition and Individual Condition, in the rate of coordinated and “equivalent” responses to the coordinated responses, and in the percentage of coordinated responses in both conditions. In addition, it was observed that the contingency of the schedule that required coordination had a relevant role in the selection of the coordinated response among the pairs, generating higher rates and percentages of coordinated responses when compared to the data of the subjects exposed to the individual schedule. The results extend the research line that has been investigating coordinated responses patterns under intermittent schedules of reinforcement.
Regionalização no contexto brasileiro de modelos de avaliação de impacto do ciclo de vida para a categoria de formação de material particulado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-03)
Giusti, Gabriela
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Tadano, Yara de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1411041491592598
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Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249
Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant emitted by anthropic activities directly associated with human health's impacts. One way to estimate the environmental impacts of PM is through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies, which through characterization models associate an elementary flow to an impact category using characterization factors (FCs). However, the main current models for estimating CFs in LCA do not fully address Brazil's heterogeneity. Thus, the main objective of this work was to develop a model recommendation and a partial regionalization of CFs for the PM formation category in Brazil's context. For this, the state of the art on the subject was studied with a systematic bibliographic review (SBR) of the literature, and the available characterization models were identified. The models were critically evaluated and the most suitable ones for application in Brazil were recommended based on the methodology of the Life Cycle Impact Assessment Network (RAICV) and multicriteria decision analysis. Subsequently, models that could be regionalized in the national context were identified, and the models by Fantke et al. (2017, 2019) were selected for the development of a partial regionalization by changing its calculation variables: urban, rural, and total population; urban and rural land area; precipitation, and; mortality due to health effects. As a result, the SBR collected 210 documents. The exploratory search identified 16 characterization models and the recommendation analysis indicated the models by Fantke et al. (2017), Fantke et al. (2019), UNEP and SETAC (2016), and Van Zelm et al. (2016) as the most suitable for application in Brazil. However, it was found that these would still need to be regionalized for better use in the national context. The partial regionalization of Fantke et al. (2017, 2019)’ models resulted in a significant percentage variation of the CFs values concerning the original data. In general, significant reductions in the new calculated and regionalized CFs were observed concerning the originals, leading to the conclusion that the original data of the model possibly generate an overestimation of the impacts associated with the emission of PM in Brazil. A case study evidenced this observation by showing a 50% reduction in the impact of damage to human health by forming PM in a Brazilian production system for wood panels production. It is concluded with the partial regionalization that the data currently available for Brazil, despite having an important territorial variability, still present uncertainties for the country and are available in an uneven way between the regions (only 126 municipalities of the 5,570 existing ones), being necessary continuity of the regionalization procedure for this category. Also, CFs for secondary PM with the same spatial quality and easy access at the level of cities and archetypes are still a demand in the area, less explored in the literature. It is therefore recommended that future studies aim to continue this regionalization of CFs for the formation of PM in the country.
Assembleia de espécies na restauração por semeadura direta em área de Floresta Estacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-04)
Dutra, Felipe Bueno
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2753005636186745
Nowadays, the technique of direct sowing has been recognized as the most viable and economical alternative in large-scale restoration. Thus, the objectives of the work were to analyze how direct sowing methods provided diversity and density of species and how this affected the assembly of plants in order to indicate potential or suitable species for direct sowing. The study areas are located in Anhembi-SP inserted in zones of Seasonal Forest, where eight treatments were tested evaluating the soil preparation (harrowing or subsoiling), the seeds distribution (manual or mechanized) and the density of sowing (125,000 to 250,000 seeds.ha-1 with 64 species, in different combinations during the critical emergency period from 30 - 150 days after sowing. The harrowed area with manual sowing and 250,000 seeds. ha-1 (1B) was the one with the highest plant density (13,400 ind.ha-1) but the area with subsoiling, manual seeding and sown with 125,000 seeds.ha-1 (5C / 50%) obtained the higher richness (S = 17) and diversity (H '= 2.42) of species, but with a low density (5.200 ind.ha-1). . The higher richness was from the Fabaceae family (11 species), followed by the Malvaceae (4 species), Anacardiaceae and Bignoniaceae (3 species). The species Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze (0,092 ind.m²) Mabea fistulifera Mart. (0,074 ind.m²), Bixa orellana L. (0,065 ind.m²) and Anacardium occidentale L. (0,043 ind.m²) showed the highest densities between treatments. The study of the species assemblage in its initial trajectory allowed to evaluate the factors that influence the potential of species establishment and showed the importance of species composition, soil preparation and seed distribution in emergence and initial density in direct sowing.
Investigando os efeitos do condicionamento subliminar sobre a motivação apetitiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-04)
Passarelli, Denise Aparecida
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0851788582891976
This master’s dissertation is divided into two parts: the first part is composed by summary of this work with less technical language, written in Portuguese. The second part is composed by manuscript for publication, in English language. The literature has shown that associating eating-related words (CS) with valanced words (US) may differentially influence affective-motivational and top-down evaluation systems. We tested this claim in a subliminal CS-US conditioning procedure, where CS and US were respectively presented for ~17 and 170 milliseconds respectively. Three groups of Brazilian undergraduates (N = 69) viewed eating-related words (CS+) or their scrambled counterparts (CS-) followed by positive or neutral words (US). A free-selection visibility check confirmed that none of the subliminally presented CS had been reliably detected during conditioning. Participants who associated CS with positive US produced reliably more saliva than remaining groups, whereas CS evaluations were not significantly influenced along explicit or implicit evaluation levels. Reliable saliva augmentation, coupled with non-significant evaluation outcomes, illustrates how affective (CS-US) information can credibly influence motivational response systems even as top-down evaluations appear statistically unaffected.
Cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle damage due to COVID-19: making the urgent case for rehabilitation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-04)
Silva, Rebeca Nunes
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Goulart, Cássia da Luz
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Oliveira, Murilo Rezende
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Tacao, Guilherme Yassuyki
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Back, Guilherme Dionir
Concepção dos professores sobre o uso de jogos virtuais em tempos de pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-05)
Frois, Rodrigo Valbueno
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Carnio, Michel Pisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1736389577477138
Didactic games stimulate several areas of the brain circuits, from the interpretation of images such as the storage and improvement of vocabulary to strategies in relation to the specific theme addressed by the game. It is worth mentioning the importance of the social interaction that the games bring among its participants and once they are chosen and applied as a pedagogical resource, they often end up being satisfactory for learning a certain content outside or inside the classroom. However, in pandemic times, WHO recommends social distance and remote classes to meet the needs of students during the 2020 school year. Thus, we tried to transform the physical game into digital format and faced some difficulties due to lack of resources and understanding of computer graphics. In this way, the present work aims to verify how basic education teachers are dealing with these situations at this moment, and what are their understandings regarding virtual didactic games. And we conclude that although teachers use and think they are a good helper in teaching and learning students, there is still a need for projects involving both technology professionals and specific teachers in the field in order to develop better games that include fun and motivating specific content.
Alternatives and complements to POLCA system, in QRM cells configuration: simulated experiments
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-05)
Gómez Paredes, Fernando José
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5244252329793782
The Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization (POLCA) is the Production Control System (PCS) that Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) suggests for high variety and low volume. However, the suggested environment commonly describes the Make-to-order (MTO), which requires a PCS to control many routings of jobs, as the General Flow Shop (GFS) describes, and high variable lead times for each process. In those conditions, releasing orders by authorisation lists have presented some problems to deal with that time variability. One solution has been using alternatives PCSs as Control of Balance by Card-Based Navigation (COBACABANA). Another solution to that problem is that POLCA has incorporated other complements in the order release mechanism, as the Release-and-Flow POLCA (RF-POLCA), the Advanced Resource Planning and the COBA-POLCA. Nevertheless, those complements do not take advantage of the original concept of POLCA: the paired-cell overlapping loops. Therefore, this research proposes an order release mechanism based on the indirect load of a shop for POLCA, called IL-POLC, that uses the paired-cells loops to aggregate the indirect load. For that proposition, this research uses a systematic literature review to identify factors that influence how the PCSs work in the cited environment. Then, the research presents two simulation experiments to compare the IL-POLC proposed. The first experiment compares IL-POLC with the original POLCA and RF-POLCA, detailing specific factors for POLCA parametrisation. The second experiment compares IL-POLC with COBACABANA and COBA-POLCA. As a result of the literature review, this research presents a framework to describe how each factor influences the task of the PCSs. This framework was used to define factors in the experiments. The proposed IL-POLC shows that releasing jobs by indirect load conditions is better than the original order release of POLCA and RF-POLCA that uses the authorisation lists by release dates. IL-POLC solves the variability of lead times by the indirect load condition on the order release mechanism. According to the second experiment, IL-POLC is better than the other two PCSs when the shop uses the card-based version and a proportional representation of the card for the amount of work of each job. IL-POLC do not reduce the Shop Floor Throughput Time as the other systems, but it does not deteriorate the other performance measures. According to the results, the experiment suggests using IL-POLC in shops that it is challenging to estimate workload norms for the centralised release. Future research is suggested to confirm how the adapted order release reacts with external factors such as cell availability, labour interchangeability, and test in other scenarios as practical implementations to confirm these results.
Efeitos da terapia por fotobiomodulação nas variáveis metabólicas, hemodinâmicas e ventilatórias no diabetes mellitus tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-05)
Linares, Stephanie Nogueira
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Beltrame, Thomas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0045363023998833
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
Study 1: Aim: to investigate, through the NIRS, the acute effects of PBMT by light emitting diode (LED) on the oxygen delivery and utilization in humans. Methods: Twelve healthy young participants were treated with a LED device (850 nm, 50 mW, 2 J) and sham applied over the proximal third of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle of the left or right forearm selected in a random order. The LED was applied in direct contact with skin and the device was switched on for 40 s in 4 different interventions (I1, I2, I3 and I4) with a 3-minute interval between interventions. The sham condition was considered as the period before the first PBMT. The NIRS device was used to evaluate the relative changes in [O2Hb] and [HHb] before and after sham and interventions. Results: We found that PBMT statistically increased the [O2Hb] in 0.39 μM. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential of PBMT to increase oxygen availability. Study 2: Aim: The main purpose of this study was to verify the acute dose-response effect of PBMT by light emitting diodes (LEDs) on hemodynamic and metabolic responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Thirteen participants with T2DM (age 52.6 ± 7.3 years) received PBMT by a light-emitting diode array (50 GaAIAs LEDs, 850 nm, 75 mW per diode) on the rectus and oblique abdomen, quadriceps femoris, triceps surae, and hamstrings muscle areas, bilaterally, using different energies treatments (sham, 75, 150, 300, 450 and 600 Joules - J) in random order with a wash out of at least 15 days apart. On the day of the experimental protocol, the subjects were placed at rest, to perform the first blood sample collection from the right ear lobe through a heparinized capillary, for later analysis of blood glucose and blood lactate levels. After 5 minutes of rest, PBMT (effective or sham) was applied, and a second blood sample was collected 1 minute after TFBM irradiation. Finally, 15 minutes after TFBM irradiation, the third blood collection was performed. Results: The TPBM by LEDs statistically decreased blood glucose levels in the 15 minutes after application of the 75 and 450 J irradiation protocol; reduced blood lactate levels 15 minutes after application of the 75, 450 and 600 J irradiation protocol; increased cardiac output (Q) and cardiac index (CI) in the 1st minute after application of the 75 and 300 J irradiation protocol; and reduced Q and HR in the 15 minutes after application of the 300 J and 600 J irradiation protocol, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, for positive modifications on hemodynamic variables, the ideal therapeutic window was the range from 75 to 300 J, whereas for the metabolic variables was from 450 to 600 J, with a power output of the 75 mW per diode LED. Study 3: Aim: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute dose-response effects of TPBM associated with moderate intensity exercise, consisting of a constant load protocol (CL) followed by a binary pseudo random protocol (PRBS), in hemodynamic responses and cardiorespiratory adjustments in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Thirteen men with T2DM (age 52.6 ± 7.3 years) received PBMT by a light-emitting diode array (50 GaAIAs LEDs, 850 nm, 75 mW per diode) on the rectus and oblique abdomen, quadriceps femoris, triceps surae, and hamstrings muscle areas, bilaterally, using different energies densities (sham, 75, 150, 300, 450 and 600 Joules - J) in random order with a washout of at least 15 days apart. After the application of TPBM, the volunteers were submitted to a CL followed by a PRBS. After the TFBM, the volunteers were submitted to an exercise protocol in cycle ergometer, consisting of a free load warm-up for 3 minutes and a CL, for a period of 6 minutes, performed at 80% of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), achieved in a previous cardiopulmonary exercise test, and followed by a binary pseudorandom protocol (PRBS), for a time of 17 minutes and 30 seconds, with load stages that ranged from 20 to 80% of the VAT. Results: We found that TPBM enhanced the improvement of the dynamics (MNG) of Q with the energy of 600 J (p = 0.014). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings showed that TFBM, previously applied to physical exercise, and in different energy densities, does not promote improvement in most cardiovascular and ventilatory responses. General conclusions of the study: The findings of this thesis allow us to conclude that: (1) PBMT applied in healthy young people is able to improve muscle tissue oxygenation; (2) PBMT applied in isolation, enhances the metabolic and hemodynamic responses at rest in the diabetic population, and (3) PBMT applied previously to an exercise protocol of moderate intensity and duration of 23 min, does not promotes distinct effects from the sham application in the hemodynamic variables and in the dynamics of the VO2.
Adolescência, internet e saúde mental: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-05)
Bienzobás, Sara Malvez
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Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6388823191017094
According to the literature, the advent of the Internet and virtual social networks have increasingly crossed the daily lives of individuals in general, especially adolescents and, although it already have points to indications of the existence of a relationship between technological modernity, its fruits and the psychosocial development of adolescents, studies that delve into this theme are incipient. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify and analyze, by means of a scoping review, studies and reports published in national and international journals that relate adolescent mental health and Internet use. For the project proposal, an active search was carried out in the databases Scopus, Web Of Science and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors: adolesc*, teenage*, young*, social networks, internet, online, mental health and mental suffering, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria that selected thirty-four articles for the final sample. The treatment and analysis of the results obtained were based on the steps proposed by the Joanna Briggs-JBI Institute for scope reviews and after the analysis of all productions, the results were organized into four distinct thematic categories: 1) Harmful and indiscriminate use of digital social networks; 2) Violence in the virtual environment - Cyberbullying and Cyber Vandalism; 3) The internet as a means of exposure of mental suffering and 4) The internet as a means/space of exposure of mental suffering. It was possible to conclude that little was produced in the national literature, being the international literature the great base for the study. It was found that the adolescent public has become the central target of the reach of the virtual world, and that this generates a direct impact on their daily life, behavior, and relationships, which may cause or aggravate psychological and emotional problems. It was also possible to verify that there is a predominance of the female gender in the harmful use of social networks, and that the virtual environment, as a powerful influencing link, may open a path for the development of early intervention strategies and mental health promotion, as there seems to be a greater tendency related to the exposure of feelings on the internet. This theme has gained strength in recent years, highlighting the growing problem and the need for new productions.
As relações mapeadas no discurso da modelagem com a realidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-03-05)
Prane, Bruna Zution Dalle
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Caldeira, Ademir Donizeti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8185048034258055
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4707006822711579
This research aims to problematize the composition operated by the Mathematical Modeling discourse about reality within the scope of published researches concerning Mathematical Modeling. In this work, Mathematical Modeling is conceived as a discourse, using as a theoretical-methodological basis the theories of the philosopher Michel Foucault and his commentators. The research was constituted, at first, called trail 1, by the congress proceedings of the National Conference on Mathematical Modeling and the International Research Seminar in Mathematical Education, both in the period from 2003 to 2018 and, later, called trail 2, by fifteen works published that discuss, exclusively, the relationship between Modeling and reality. Through the analysis of the congress proceedings, it was possible to map the following statements: Modeling, through mathematical models, represents reality; Modeling, through the mathematical language, allows the student to understand reality and Modeling, through the mathematical language, allows the student to understand, intervene and transform the reality that surrounds him. The statements show different behaviors regarding reality, however, they all build the same composition on the real, that is, the one to be modeled by the curricular mathematical contents, which produce ways of acting and thinking about the subjects and reverberating ideals of Modernity. In the second moment, when analyzing works involving Modeling and reality, the approximation with the philosophical discourses: Classic, Modern and Contemporary was mapped in the construction of this relationship. Through these analyzes it is possible to affirm that the relationship between Modeling and the reality close to the Classic philosophical discourse builds the vision of a reality that has an essence; in Modern philosophical discourse, he conceives the view that reality will be elaborated with the subject; and in Contemporary philosophical discourse, reality is constructed based on language. The analyzes made suggest that the construction of the reality operated by the Modeling discourse can be seen as a resource to continue operating the teaching of Mathematics based on the vision of knowledge as a reliable representative of reality.