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Aplicação da metodologia de Aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) no ensino de cinética e reatores químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-06)
Castro, Pedro Santana de
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Ferreira Palhares, Adriana Paula
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628
The active teaching methodologies play, currently, an important role as a counterpoint to the traditional teaching model, which is used to the intense technical training, lectures, and a context in which the student is encouraged to be only a spectator of something that is being presented. To place the student at the center of learning, active methodologies emerge as an alternative that encourages challenging, practical, and contextualized learning. Thus, this undergraduate work aimed to apply the active methodology of Problem-Based Learning (PBL), in the teaching of Kinetics and Chemical Reactors, applied in a class of the Chemical Engineering course at the Federal University of São Carlos. PBL is a method that consists of using problem situations that simulate real situations that the professional may face in their daily work, in order to motivate and direct the student through a learning process based on a work dynamic that is collaborative, contextualized, and multidisciplinary. The application of this study is stimulated, in addition to aspects of improving the learning process, by the need for adaptation to the new National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG’s) of Engineering on the part of higher education courses. The new NCGs, launched in 2019, seek to bring changes in the teaching format and direct which skills are important for the current training of engineering professionals, adapting to the new requirements of today. For the development of this graduation work, problem situations were created that simulated real scenarios of the industry and processes involving catalytic reactors with pressure drop. The work also proposed the evaluation and discussion of learning factors in the process of applying PBL in the context of engineering. The course was taught in the form of non-face-to-face emergency teaching due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the experiment proved to be positive, with the teams formed showing very good performance throughout the discipline. All teams developed consistent results and achieved the learning objectives for heterogeneous reactors, developing the mass balances for the PBR system, understanding how the pressure drop in the bed acts on the reaction and its conversion, in addition to creating models that allowed to find optimal operational conditions for the process. In addition to teaching aspects, students' development in socio-emotional skills was noted, reflected in the good performance of teamwork.
Avaliação dos fatores que influenciam a hidratação de GCLs em subleitos lateríticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-06)
Silva, José Wilson Batista da
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058
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Correia, Natália de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2172645507238077
Currently, the biggest concern in the performance of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) applied in municipal solid waste landfills is in the hydration behavior of this material. Recent studies have shown that the GCLs hydration process from subgrade is influenced by several variables, such as the characteristics of the GCLs, the subgrade initial moisture content, and the dynamics of hydration and rehydration of the liner due to exposure field conditions. As a consequence of insufficient hydration, the GCL may present inferior behavior as barrier. These aspects, however, have not yet been evaluated in tropical climate conditions, as in Brazil, where lateritic soils tend to have higher levels of optimum moisture content than those observed in countries with temperate climates, different mineralogy, and a large portion of fine particles. The present research evaluated the influence of two different lateritic subgrades in the hydration process of GCLs in isothermal (hydration columns) and thermal conditions (physical model). Results showed that the subgrade moisture content significantly impacted the GCL hydration in the two analyzed conditions. The exposure to thermal cycles drastically reduced the ability of the lateritic subgrades to hydrate the GCLs. The shrinkage of the GCL panels was related to the GCL moisture content and the number of thermal cycles applied. In general, the lateritic subgrades showed a limited capacity to hydrate the GCLs, with saturation values lower than expected for the correct performance of these materials. The understanding the GCL hydration behavior requires unsaturated analysis of the subgrade and GCLs and the magnitude of the differential suction between these materials. The characterization of the GCLs after hydration tests showed that the parameters of CEC, SI, and hydraulic conductivity suffered slight variation, with a trend of decrease. The research showed the importance of investigating GCLs under practical installation conditions and the influence of important variables present in this application.
Construções parentéticas encabeçadas por como no português
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-06)
Silva, Diogo Oliveira da
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Stassi-Sé, Joceli Catarina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1314068157460143
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3065245326381138
This research investigates constructions headed by as/like/how in occurrences of the type as it is said, like you know, how is it called?, in the Lusophone varieties, in order to discuss its status under the focus of the Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008) and the Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG) by Jubran (2006). For that, we raised the research questions: (i) how do the constructions headed by as/like/how work in the light of the FDG? (ii) what is the scope of as/like/how according to the FDG Interpersonal and Morphosyntactic Levels? (iii) in the light of TIG, are these constructions brackets? (iv) what is the syntactic ordering process for these constructions? As a general research aim, we seek to functionally describe the constructions initiated by as/like/how. As specific aims, we investigate: (i) the discursive, pragmatic and morphosyntactic properties of constructions initiated by as/like/how (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008); (ii) the as/like/how status in these constructions (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008); (iii) the syntactic ordering process of these constructions (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008); and (iv) their bracketing functions in the discourse (JUBRAN, 2006). The methodology started from the following parameters, summarized here: 1) formal classification of as/like/how; 2) construction layer at the Interpersonal and Morphosyntactic Levels; 3) statute of as/like/how at the Interpersonal and Morphosyntactic Levels; 4) construction ordering and 5) identification of bracketing properties (formal constitution, boundary and function). The criteria were applied to occurrences found in the Lusophone Corpus of Spoken Portuguese, prepared by the Linguistics Center of the University of Lisbon (2009). We start from the assumptions of Stassi-Sé (2012), that the as/like/how, in these morphosyntacticaly independent constructions, works as a Function marker, and the constructions act as bracketing insertions, recurring from the Speaker's pragmatic and communicational intentions. The mentioned parameters helped to reach the final results: the constructions headed by as/like/how were framed as bracketing constructions in seven varieties of the Portuguese language, they are presented as Movements, composed of Discursive Acts, and as/like/how to act as a marker of Interactional functions, presenting Interactive functions Rescue and also Sharing (for Declarative illocutions), and the Interrogative illocutions constituted Interrogative Acts of content, with the item as/like/how working as a meditative question marker (FONTES, 2012), both acting in the monitoring verbal interaction. It is important to highlight the independence of the type of verbal construction (dicendi verbs, knowledge verbs, linking verbs and six other action verbs), to the declarative and interrogative Illocutions and the syntactic positioning of these Linguistic Expressions in Ppre (Pre-Orational Position). These characteristics lead us to observe the tendency of these constructions to act discursively, regardless of the semantic value attributed to the as/like/how traditionally. In these cases, we observed an emptying of meaning in this item, pointing to its grammaticalization process in the construction, whereas its performance in the scope of higher layers of the FDG Interpersonal Level.
Computational modeling of rubber multiaxial pressing applied to ceramic materials
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-07)
Melo, Caiuã Caldeira de
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1098228832866096
Uniaxial and isostatic powder pressing are well known processes. However, disadvantages such as the production of heterogeneous parts or low productivity, respectively, are intrinsic drawbacks. Rubber Multiaxial Pressing (RMP) is an alternative process to overcome these disadvantages. In RMP, the pressing tool consists of a flexible rubber mold, confined in a rigid die, where pressing takes place by the action of a piston. This loading is transferred to the powder in the inner cavity of the rubber mold, whose distribution depends on the geometry of the tool parts and the tribological conditions between them. One drawback of RMP lies in the tool design stage due to the challenge of accurately predicting the shape of the flexible mold in its deformed configuration. The complexity of the deformed geometry is due to inhomogeneous strains induced by the nonlinear mechanical behavior of rubber and powder, as well as by the tribological conditions. In this context, this study aims to investigate the process characteristics and use the finite element (FE) simulation to assist in tool design for RMP, thus enabling the manufacture of compacted parts with a geometry that meets the dimensional requirements and a mechanical strength that allows the part to retain its integrity during the next stages of processing. To perform reliable numerical analysis, a characterization of the mechanical behavior of the involved materials is required. Mechanical tests were performed to characterize the rubber used in the mold and the alumina powder. Once the constitutive models were identified, FE analyses of the RMP were performed. The case study explored by this research project was the pressing of an alumina ceramic femoral head for hip implant. Finally, experimental and computational results were compared in order to highlight the accuracy of the numerical analyses implemented.
A pesquisa em ensino de ciências na educação de pessoas jovens e adultas em artigos científicos de periódicos brasileiros (Qualis A) publicados em 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08)
Freire, Maria Júlia
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Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0545873840370668
The panorama of knowledge produced on the Teaching of Natural Sciences (Biology, Physics, Geology and Chemistry) in Youth and Adult Education (YAE) evidenced a certain scarcity of investigations with analyses of research published in journals specific to the area of Science Teaching. Knowing this gap, the author investigated in a Scientific Initiation (SI) the perspectives of research on Science Teaching in YAE in scientific articles from Qualis A Brazilian journals, in the period from 1979 to 2019. It is understood that scientific knowledge is indispensable to today's human being and that it is constantly developing, so it is worth expanding the Scientific Initiation investigation in articles about Science Teaching in YAE published in 2020. The general objective of this research was to perform a comparative analysis of the perspectives for conceiving the relationship of Science Teaching in YAE identified in the period 1979-2019 with the period 2020, in Qualis A Science Teaching journals in the Brazilian context, in order to attribute greater consistency to the SI results. For this, we took dialogical learning as a reference, because it (a) provides validity for the development of an education that guarantees maximum levels of learning for everyone, (b) to have been conceived by Ramón Flecha in 1997 starting from the modality of Youth and Adult Education in the context of the information society, and (c) to be apparently in line with Scientific Literacy, which perceives scientific knowledge as indispensable to today's human being in view of the challenges of modern society. To do so, the same method of the SI was applied, of bibliographic research, through the exploration of the (14) Brazilian journals of Science Teaching Qualis A in the evaluation of the quadrennium 2013-2016, in which it was searched for articles that researched the intersection between Science Teaching and YAE. For the qualitative analysis of the results it was also adopted the Textual Discourse Analysis that consists of the processes of unitarization, categorization and communication, having as final product of the analysis a metatext. As for the perspectives obtained in qualitative analysis, for the (a) conceptions of learning the categories found in SI and that remain are objectivist and dialectic, and the dialogic category emerges; (b) for Science Teaching perspectives remain the category of social function of science teaching and subcategory of scientific literacy, emerging as a subcategory of curriculum approach the curriculum in action. The results corroborate (a) a lack regarding the amount of research published in the Qualis A Science Teaching journals investigating the Science Teaching -YAE intersection, and (b) the deficit in fulfilling the reparative, equalizing and permanent functions of YAE, as established by the National Education Council, since the learning conceptions used do not consider such aspects in their foundations.
Cultura infantil, culturas infantis e culturas da infância: polissemias em debate.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08)
Alonso, Giovana
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Moruzzi, Andrea Braga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4896706380829176
This dissertation, inspired by Foucault's genealogy, pursues the concept of “child culture” in order to understand its polysemy, derivations and (in)definitions within the theoretical fields of Childhood Sociology, Early Childhood Education and Childhood Anthropology. Its objective is to map the concept of "child culture" and the way in which it has been mobilized, characterizing the polysemy of the concept and its derivations in the field of Early Childhood Education, Childhood Sociology and Childhood Anthropology, unfolding in the specific objectives, 1) To map and understand the concept of "child culture" in Early Childhood Education, Sociology of Childhood and Anthropology of Childhood researches, based on theoretical productions from the three areas and 2) identify in academic production the way in which the concept "child culture ” is mobilized and how its derivations, such as “children's cultures” and childhood cultures” are presented, what debates they provoke, what themes they carry and what theoretical perspectives they are based on. It starts from the work of Florestan Fernandes, a sociologist considered to be a pioneer in studies related to children and their cultures in Brazil, based on his investigation of folklore. By coining “children's culture” in his writings, Fernandes (1961) understands it as a category of social analysis, turning his gaze to the collective of children and giving visibility to other forms of socialization not considered in the researches of his time until then. Situations related to gender, ethnicity, race, social class and age are highlighted in the trocinhas and frolics investigated by Florestan Fernandes. There is, however, a certain modification and reinterpretation of the concept of “child culture” due to new debates, demands and perspectives that are being adopted with the inauguration of the fields of Childhood Sociology, Early Childhood Education and Childhood Anthropology. Based on a bibliographical survey and genealogical inspiration, 24 Brazilian productions dating from 1999 to 2021 were selected and analyzed. There is a predominance of studies on "child culture", "children's cultures" and "childhood cultures" in magazines of the educational area, showing that the proposed debate on culture is especially related to Early Childhood Education institutions. When composing a genealogy of the Sociology of Childhood, we are faced with prominent countries, theoretical perspectives that underpin it, and themes that are providential in the debates raised within it, such as agency, protagonism, production of culture and children's collective. The same was done with the concept of “child culture”, composing a genealogy about this one that would be able to present their perspectives, theoretical basis and the themes that are parallel and complementary to them. Thus, the issues of time, play, socialization, teacher education and research with children stand out. Among the theoretical basis on which these works are based, the studies by Florestan Fernandes, Manuel Sarmento and Manuel Pinto and Willian Corsaro stand out. Based on the studies analyzed and highlighted throughout this work, it is recognized that the field of Sociology of Childhood and Early Childhood Education grows and strengthens in a tangential way in the Brazilian research scenario and complement each other in relation to the interests for children and childhood . We are faced with a moving, plural and hybrid Sociology of Childhood in Brazil, as it integrates different interests, needs, objectives and methodologies in addition to sociological ones.
Proposta de processos químicos para melhor recuperação de hidrocarboneto de alto valor agregado de uma indústria de biotecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08)
Bento, Renato Franco de Camargo
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4835270236812524
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4719672751670857
The biotechnology industry studied produces a long-chain branched hydrocarbon as one of its main products with high added value and precursor to various chemicals of commercial interest. This hydrocarbon is produced by aerobic respiration of a genetically modified microorganism, and part of the target product during the purification step. The fraction of the bioproduct lost in the downstream step, if recovered, could have a positive impact on the overall bioprocess performance and, therefore, on the company’s profitability. This work proposes to evaluate the characteristics of the effluent streams of the hydrocarbon (oil) recovery and purification steps, based on the quantification of their concentration in these streams and their association form with the other by-products, to propose alternatives for its recovery. The industrial production data from 2020 were used for this study, and the statistical analysis of the quantitative data of the effluent stream identified two important point of oil losses. The first one occurs in the fermentation broth cell separation step (separation step 1), which 4.21% of the hydrocarbon is lost either by emulsification with vinasse or by microbial cells internal association. The second one occurs in the oil/water separation phase (separation step 2), which approximately 12% of the hydrocarbon fed is lost either by emulsification with the aqueous phase or by emulsification with dead cells still present in the feed stream (<1%). From this study, it is proposed that cells be separated (step 1) by cross-flow filtration or centrifugation, followed by cell disruption by high pressure homogenization for oil extraction aided by an apolar organic solvent. For the separation step 2, it is proposed to separate the cells remaining from step 1 by crossflow filtration or by series membrane filtration with appropriate sized pores. then the filtrate, mostly containing an aqueous phase would be sent to a liquid-liquid extraction column for the separation of the oil phase. As an alternative, if the separation step 2 feed stream contains less emulsified oil, it could be recovered by evaporations in steps at low pressures for water evaporation (first step) and oil evaporation (second step), remaining the solids in the evaporator. It is concluded the downstream steps of the studied industry could be modified to increasing the overall yield of the process by recovering the lost fraction of the interested product. However, the modification proposed requires future studies of economic viability and process capability to achieve the final product required purity (>97%) to decision making.
Dinâmica espacial e perfil produtivo da agricultura no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul em 2006 e 2017
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Oliveira, Poliana Silva de
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Figueiredo, Adriano Marcos Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3815837428657319
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Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889207481986151
The state of Mato Grosso do Sul is an important producer of agricultural products, especially of soybeans, corn and sugarcane, which together accounted for 94% of the states’s gross revenue from all annual agricultural products in 2017. Moreover, both the revenue and the farmed area with these three activities have grown substantially. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the development of the production of soybeans, corn and sugar-cane in the cities of Mato Grosso do Sul, between 2006 and 2017, estimating localization and specialization indexes plus an extended Shift Share model. Results show that there are a larger number of cities specialized in the production of soybeans and also that this crop is more disperse spatially comparing with the other two crops. In addition, the production of sugar cane is the only showing changes in the pattern of concentration and dispersion. Finally, the shift-share analysis suggests positive effects of different determinants, mainly area effects for sugar-cane and productivity effects for corn. Soybeans was the only one with positive price effects.
Proposta de uso de distribuições finitas de probabilidade e distribuição T^2-Hotelling para o monitoramento de processos de múltiplos fluxos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Vicentin, Damaris Serigatto
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Oprime, Pedro Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6367295398528661
A topic still little researched is the monitoring and control of multiple stream processes (Multiple Stream Process - MSP). These are cases in which the equipment has several modules and each module produces the same parts, components and materials with different parameters of means and standard deviations, constituting subpopulations. Within this scope, the objective of this thesis was to propose a finite mixture control chart model for monitoring MSP, which is still rarely found in the literature, and to compare it with the control chart T^2-Hotelling. To achieve the intended objective, was used the quantitative and qualitative approach based on modelling, through the application in an illustrative case with real data collected during the production of pastry dough from a food industry. A comparative analysis was performed regarding the statistical and operational aspects between the finite mixture control charts and T^2-Hotelling. It was observed that the approaches differ in terms of their assumptions, as in their mathematical and operational complexity. In terms of performance, the T^2-Hotelling charts were better at detecting problems (special causes of the process) and easier to apply due to their lower mathematical complexity. On the other hand, the finite mixture graph is innovative, it is applicable, it considers all the flows and the variability between them in a single control graph, it is easier in terms of the sampling procedure, but it brings greater mathematical complexity to its application.
Ação do óleo essencial de pimenta-rosa ("Schinus terebinthifolius") no desenvolvimento in vitro de "Colletotrichum truncatum", agente causal da antracnose da soja ("Glycine max")
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Araujo, Ana Carolina
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Mello, Ana Paula de Oliveira Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0308248590715976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4077771101339527
the soybean is one of the most economically important crops in the world and has been cultivated by thousands of family farmers, especially in the southern region of the country. Crop productivity can be threatened by various types of pathogens that cause various diseases, including anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum. One of its main control methods has been the application of fungicides in crops, which contributes to increasing environmental insecurity and concern for the health of the population. In this sense, the use of vegetable oils in phytopathogenic control can be an interesting alternative to replace such chemicals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the essential oil of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) on the in vitro growth of colonies of the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, the causal agent of anthracnose in soybean. The essential oil was applied in different ways to the Potato-Dextrose-Agar (BDA) culture medium in separate Petri dishes. Then, mycelial disks of the fungus were plated and their growth evaluated at 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. The results show that the greatest control of the growth of the pathogen occurs in T3 (essential oil on the surface), usually followed by T4 (filter paper). In addition, from 500 μl to 800 μl, approximately 1 centimeter of growth was suppressed on the 9th day.
A abordagem sobre serviços ecossistêmicos nos cursos de ciências biológicas das universidades públicas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-09)
Santos, Larissa da Silva dos
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Agostini, Kayna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323170573927751
Ecosystem services are ecological processes or functions that directly or indirectly contribute to the well-being of man. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment proposes four classifications: supply services; regulation services; cultural services; support services. According to the IPBES, in 2019 an amount of US $ 125 trillion / year was estimated globally for these services. In this way, man's well-being and economic development are intrinsically related to the quantity and quality of ecosystem services. However, even with their importance, ecosystems and their services are being increasingly negatively affected to meet the growing demand for resources, due to population and economic growth. Considering so many aspects addressed by the theme, it is extremely important for the training of future biologists to understand this area more deeply. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the Pedagogical Project of the Biological Sciences courses at Brazilian public universities, in relation to the theme of ecosystem services, to verify how this theme is approached at Brazilian public universities. With the analysis of the pedagogical projects of the universities, it was possible to observe that the great majority had subjects that superficially approached the theme, however, there were few that had subjects focused only on ecosystem services. As well as the north and northeast regions of the country, which stood out the most during the analyzes.
Recursos de tecnologia assistiva para avaliação de hipóteses de escrita de alunos com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-12)
Moralles, Adriana
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Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2145737742048675
The present work focuses on investigating the writing hypotheses of students with Cerebral Palsy who are in the process of literacy, seeking solutions through assistive technology (TA) resources. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of students with Cerebral Palsy in relation to writing hypotheses, using assistive technology resources such as the mobile alphabet and computer access for alternative writing, and to characterize the challenges and strategies implemented for the literacy process of these students. This is a multiple case study that had as direct participants three students with cerebral palsy in literacy process, respectively at eight and nine years of age, enrolled in elementary school I of the Municipal and State networks of a city in the interior of São Paulo, which receive specialized educational care (ESA) in a convened institution. As indirect participants, the teachers who accompany these students in the ESA, in the common room and their guardians (mothers and grandmothers). Instruments applied to characterize the students, were: GMFCS) - Extended and Revised Gross Motor Function Classification System; (MACS) - Manual Skill Classification System and (CFCS) - Communication Function Classification System for individuals with CP, a protocol for assessing accessibility to the computer for students with PC; Semi-structured interviews with teachers from the common room, the ESA and with the guardians; and an event recording protocol constructed by the researcher, in addition to a field diary. The procedures include the analysis of the students' needs for the implementation of alternative writing resources based on the demands of each of the participants in the ESA and the analysis of the writing hypothesis of these students in evaluation sessions that ranged from one to two individual meetings, with proposals for recognition and naming of letters, and written using mobile alphabet and conventional keyboard. All sessions were filmed and analyzed to characterize the students' performance regarding writing, in the literacy process, as well as the need to adapt resources for the implementation of alternative writing in computer. The interviews with the teachers and guardians were recorded in audio and analyzed through content analysis. In all three cases, the teachers and family members indicated the challenges in the proposition of specific activities for literacy in view of the motor and communicative commitment of the students, with the motivation and interest of the students as strengths in the process. In the direct evaluation with the participants, it was possible to identify the hypothesis of writing of two with the use of the mobile alphabet, one at the pre-silabic level and the other in the silabic-alphabetic. With the third participant, the survey conducted in only one session was not enough to achieve a robust result in this item. It was also identified that the three participants are potential candidates for the use of the computer for alternative writing purposes, with adaptations related to the typing functions of the operating system itself, in addition to the use of acrylic hives to facilitate typing. Suggestions about other types of TA features are presented. It is considered that the study can raise relevant points for the area of Special Education when it comes to the schooling process of students with cerebral palsy and the needs of differentiated processes and resources for the quality of the proposed pedagogical work.
Auditchain: um mecanismo para atestar a integridade de logs baseado na prova de existência em blockchain pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-12)
Mendonça, Bruno de Azevedo
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Matias, Paulo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3792055796261017
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1867483491355479
Digital data are critical to people and companies, acting as a crucial element in the decisionmaking process in different areas. Thus, attesting to data integrity is crucial because forgery can result in significant losses. Logs can track how this data changes over time and are essential to enable auditing. The traditional approach to ensure log integrity is to store them on well-kept servers, both from a physical and a digital security standpoint. However, this approach assumes that it is difficult to exploit these servers’ vulnerabilities and that these systems’ administrators can be trusted. Distributing the trust is an alternative that does not rely on these assumptions, and blockchain-based approaches are promising in that aspect. Even though the literature has already proposed some methods for attesting logs’ integrity after their storage, we found no works that identify Proof of Existence (PoE) as a potential basic block for carrying that task. PoE consists of sending the hash of an object to a public blockchain, proving that the object existed before its hash became included in the blockchain. Furthermore, we found no works that paid attention to ease the technique’s practical use by allowing for the ingestion of logs from different sources. Thus, this work’s primary goal is to propose an architecture capable of integrating PoE on public blockchains with Elasticsearch, a tool widely used today for indexing logs from different sources. We applied the case study method, an effective method to investigate and understand complex issues in real-world scenarios. The context addressed is that of computer technicians, in partnership with the Secretariat of Informatics (SIn) of the Federal University of São Carlos, to obtain results that can be generalized to other contexts. We conducted a comparative analysis between PoE Application Programmer Interfaces, resulting in the choice of OpenTimestamps for the development of our software prototype. We tested the last version of our prototype by attesting logs stored in SIn’s Elasticsearch service uninterruptedly for 10 days. We verified that the prototype was working correctly and presented a temporal resolution compatible with the transaction fulfillment rate sustained by public OpenTimestamps servers. We hope the knowledge obtained through the development of our software prototype, as documented in this work, will help to foster an understanding of how blockchain technology may contribute to log attestation and to raise awareness of the related techniques amongst system administrators.
Educação no meio rural: a prática das professoras alfabetizadoras nas classes multisseriadas no município de Indaiabira- MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-13)
Oliveira, Elane Rodrigues de
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0637114479666075
The present study had to analize the teaching practice of literacy teachers in multisiered classrooms in the early years of elementary school, in the rural area of the municipality of Indaiabira / MG. The provision of basic education in multi-grade rooms in which children of different ages and grades are grouped in the same room under the guidance of a single teacher is still a reality in worldwide. In Brazil, a marked presence in rural areas, this teaching modality has historically been considered, in the social imagination, as a deviation from the standard of the classroom considered ideal, that is, urban and serial, as well as being responsible for the poor school performance of students, being left in the background and discredited, most of the time by the government. There were few public policies designed to improve this reality, making these schools increasingly precarious. The cost benefit has been justified for the closure of these schools. Social movements, mainly the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST), tired of neglect, have been fighting a constant struggle, so that the education of rural people is seen as a right. To this end, we seek theoretical support in the studies of Bezerra Neto (2003; 2010), Caldart (2009), Dangió (2018), Faria Filho (2011; 2014), Hage (2005; 2014), Martins; Monteiro (2010), Saviani (2008; 2009), Soares (2010) among others and we also consult official documents of basic education, the Pedagogical Political Project of rural schools in the municipality, in order to better understand our object of study. The methodology was developed based on a qualitative research with emphasis on a case study in four municipal public schools, located in the rural area of the municipality of Indaiabira / MG. To this end, we conducted interviews with four teachers from multi-grade classes, who also answered a questionnaire, as well as collected and selected both bibliographic and observational data in the field, relevant to the research. We consider that school education offered in rural areas in multi-grade rooms in the schools observed, presents pedagogical and infrastructure problems, aspects that according to the interviewed teachers believe they hinder the development of students. In this sense, our interest in the study of teaching practice in multi-grade rooms arose mainly from the desire to understand how the researched teachers see and deal with multi-grade rooms, and this practice has been built without an initial academic formation and so little continued that contemplate this teaching modality.
Da teoria à prática em políticas públicas de educação ambiental: o caso de Bauru-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-13)
Bernardes, Maisa Jampauli
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Thiemann, Flávia Torreão Corrêa da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4159638058064663
;
Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
From the perspective of the Municipal Environmental Education Programme (PMEA) of Bauru (SP) to be consolidated as a public policy, this study aimed to evaluate the Programme to subsidize its improvement process. In this sense, we analyzed whether the PMEA, as it was being structured in practice, was in line with its theoretical assumptions, that is, of critical environmental education and whether it had the potential to achieve its goal of forming future critical and cooperative citizens.To this end, we seek to understand how the PMEA could manifest itself in the context of public management and environmental educational practices, as well as conducting an analysis of this Programme in the light of the evaluation indicators for public policies on environmental education. In this qualitative research, we obtained the data from interviews with educators and public managers involved in the Programme, in addition to field observations and documentary analysis. Afterward, we proceeded to the analysis and interpretation, using the techniques of content analysis and evaluation by indicators. It was possible to highlight the PMEA's potential, such as the possibility of experiencing and problematizing complex situations and themes, enabling overcoming the fragmentation of reality. We found that different conceptions of environmental education influence the views of managers and the practices of educators. It became clear the need for a training process that can assist the educators in the development of critical environmental education and in meeting the program's theoretical assumptions. Still, the need to elaborate a legal instrument and effective incorporation of the PMEA in the organizational structure of the municipal public power was emphasized, aiming at better support for the implementation and execution of the Programme, as well as a greater guarantee of continuity. In this regard, the expectation is that the potentialities pointed are highlighted and that the weaknesses are corrected so that PMEA can achieve its objectives, expand and consolidate itself as a public policy.
Práticas de letramento digital na educação infantil: contribuições para o processo de aprendizagem das crianças de zero a cinco anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-14)
Souza, Nayara Affonso
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6585378595048676
Digital literacy permeates children's lives since their early years. In view of this, it can be said that digital literacy must be considered in the educational scope since Early Childhood Education, since, in contemporary society, information becomes even more available and imposes more and more challenges to educational processes, being necessary to develop in children a critical, meaningful, reflective, and ethical attitude towards digital technologies. The objective of this Undergraduate Final Paper consists of analyzing the practices of digital literacy in the context of Early Childhood Education, found in theses and dissertations, in order to understand how these practices contribute to the teaching and learning process of children from zero to five years old. The main specific objectives are to examine if the practices of digital literacy are present in the scope of Brazilian Early Childhood Education institutions and to elucidate the possible paths to insert the practices of digital literacy in this context. Fundamental authors for the understanding of topics covered in this work were used in order to compose its theoretical foundation, such as Arce (2013a; 2013b), Belloni (2009), Carvalho (2005), Fontana & Cruz (1997), Frade (2017), Kenski (2012), Monteiro (2010), Soares (2004a; 2004b), Stemmer (1998; 2013), and Varotto (2013). Furthermore, the analysis of Brazilian legislation aimed at Early Childhood Education was essential to support the research. The research methodology is of a qualitative nature, from which a bibliographic review of academic productions was carried out, comprising the period from 2010 to 2020, on the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações - BDTD), aiming to select the theses and dissertations that are most related to the theme of this work, that is, digital literacy in Early Childhood Education. The analysis of the selected studies shows that few teachers use digital technologies in their pedagogical practice in the context of Early Childhood Education. In contrast, children are surrounded by these resources, which modify children's cultures. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the use of digital technologies in this context can provide learning that is considered more pleasurable, interesting, and ludic, which contributes to children development, favoring their autonomy and knowledge building. From this, the continuing teacher education emerges as a need for digital technologies to be inserted in an innovative and articulated way in this environment.
O discurso sobre a destituição de Dilma Rousseff em Folha de São Paulo, Carta Maior e Le Monde: impeachment ou golpe?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15)
Souza, Felipe Masquio de
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8099696478820921
Dans ce mémoire de maîtrise, on examine les discours concernant la destitution de l’ex-Présidente du Brésil Dilma Rousseff (PT), surtout ceux adoptés par la grande presse au pays, particulièrement par les journaux Folha de São Paulo, Carta Maior et Le Monde. Le discours n’ayant pas de date de naissance stricte ou terme exact, on s’est concentré sur les énoncés des éditoriaux de journaux, dans la limite temporelle de 2015 à 2016, en les considérant, alors, comme la réverbération d’un discours politique et médiatique contemporain, pleins tels qu’ils le sont de la spectacularisation (DÉBORD, 1997) et de l’idéologie néolibérale. L’apport théorique et méthodologique utilisé dans cette recherche est celui des postulats de Michel Foucault, dans ses contributions pour une théorie du discours, ceux de Michel Pêcheux et des penseurs autour de lui, ainsi que ceux de J-J. Courtine, dans ses importantes formulations pour l’Analyse du Discours dite française. L’objectif de ce travail c’était d’identifier d’éventuelles régularités entre les discours adoptés par les moyens de communication en cours d’analyse (si « impeachment », ou soit, la destitution, ou « coup ») à la lumière des concepts de formation discursive, énoncé, archive, etc. Pour l’atteindre, on a recouru à l’isolement de séquences discursives de référence (COURTINE, 2009), en vérifiant à la fois les possibilités d’énoncés divisés. Parmi les éditoriaux, qui totalisent 25, quelques-uns ont été sélectionnés comme les plus pertinents à l’analyse en fonction de la répétibilité des séquences discursives similaires, à partir desquelles on a cherché de mettre en évidence leurs marques dans des formations discursives distinctes, et de les situer dans des procédures internes et externes de contrôle du discours (FOUCAULT, 1970 [1996]), spécialement en ce qui concerne la notion de «volonté de vérité » et « commentaire ». Comme supposition de résultats, on a vérifié des positions énonciatives de différentes formations discursives par defaut de ce que proposait le projet éditorial de la presse analysée, étant un reflet de la présence d’Autre dans la matérialité de la langue. À part quelques exceptions de Carta Maior, portail en-ligne lu comme d’orientation progressiste, les autres moyens de communication analysés n’ont pas appronfondi les plusieurs sens probablement établis des mots « démocratie » ou « coup », en se limitant au commentaire, d’autant plus qu’ils ont répété les mêmes dires sur un même thème, ils ont appauvri leur(s) sens, en assurant la supposée souveraineté du signifiant (FOUCAULT, 1970 [1996]).
Estruturas de controle de biorreator baseadas em fluxos metabólicos para fermentações micro-aeradas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15)
Mesquita, Thiago José Barbosa
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9908952129757043
The supply of oxygen as a limiting nutrient in bioreactors is a challenge, as microorganisms may have different metabolic requirements, besides the difficulty of measuring this variable in low levels. Despite the obstacles, micro-aeration has been shown to be essential for bioprocesses such as alcoholic fermentations. Therefore, using yeast catalyzed alcoholic fermentations as a case study, the objective of this thesis is to develop a control system for bioreactors based on metabolic fluxes to control the oxygen metabolic flux under micro-aeration conditions. This work involves two distinct control approaches, which used Saccharomyces cerevisiae micro-aerated cultivations as study case. The execution of the proposal was divided into four stages: (i) Obtaining of the metabolic fluxes matrices by simulations of the metabolic model iND750 and training of artificial neural networks; (ii) Conducting experiments to characterize two industrial cerevisiae strains (FT858L and FERMEL) in mini-reactors cultivations for mathematical modeling of the growth kinetics; (iii) Experimental evaluation of the control strategy with the artificial neural network incorporated; (iv) Mathematical modeling of cell growth, product formation, substrate and oxygen consumption in micro-aerated conditions, followed by operationality analysis and simulation of the control system using a biomimetic algorithm. The experiments were carried out in minimal medium (5.0g.L-1 KH2PO4, 2.0g.L-1 MgSO4.7H2O, 1.5g.L-1 of urea; 3ppm Kamoran), with hexoses as a carbon source, pH 4.5, and temperature of 30oC. In step (ii), the fermentations were carried out in mini-reactors (5 mL) equipped with a CO2 exit, in which the loss of mass due to the production of CO2 was monitored. In step (iii), following the strain selection in terms of performance, the FT858L yeast was used in batch fermentations conducted in 5 L stirred tank bioreactor with a high glucose load. Three different oxygen supply strategies were evaluated and compared: a) simple maintenance of a constant air flowrate; b) use of PID and other controllers to keep the respiratory quotient (RQ) at the desired range; c) use of a control based on metabolic fluxes with neural networks incorporated to maintain the O2 flux. The control based on neural networks was efficient in maintaining the desirable conditions of micro-aeration, leading to high yield values (0.48 gEthanol.gSubstrate-1), productivity (4.2 g.L-1.h-1) and cell viability (95%). This performance was superior to the achieved in other evaluated strategies, which presented a yield between 0.33-0.40 gEthanol.gSubstrate-1 and productivity between 3.4-3.7 g.L-1.h-1. The kinetic model incorporating substrate and ethanol inhibition and based on data generated in simple experiments in mini-reactors was able to describe the growth, product formation, and substrate consumption in conventional and micro-aerated fermentations carried out in bioreactors. The kinetic model was also used in the analysis the process operationality and in the simulations of the biomimetic control algorithm for micro-aeration. The biomimetic controller was able to maintain the O2 and CO2 fluxes at the desired set points, resulting in a productivity of 4.0 g.L-1.h-1. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of the development of precise and robust controllers for the intensification of processes whose performance is favored by micro-aeration.
Participação social: reflexões teórico-conceituais e práticas entre e com terapeutas ocupacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15)
Silva, Ana Cristina Cardoso da
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Oliver, Fátima Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7671160059702308
Occupational therapists have invested in studies to assess and deepen knowledge about theoretical-methodological perspectives and theoretical-practical references that delimit specificity and draw the identities of the profession in society, which influences the production of care and discussions about the terminologies used. Social participation is one of the concepts used and can be present in professional practice. In a bibliographic survey, it was confirmed that there are different understandings (converging or not) about social participation in different areas. Consequently, it was assumed that there could be more points of view worked on by occupational therapy, which attributed other meanings and senses. For this reason, the main purpose of this research were: to identify and analyze the concepts of occupational therapists about social participation in their fields of knowledge and practice, and to contribute with a critical reflection on the theme in the context of occupational therapy. As specific aims: to identify the theoretical references on social participation that are used and produced by occupational therapists; to identify the work methodologies developed by occupational therapists to enable concrete forms of social participation of the population; to reflect on the possibilities, limits and challenges for the construction of social participation in the context of the practice of occupational therapists. From a collaborative research methodology and based on the critical perspective, occupational therapy teachers and professionals, active in the state of São Paulo, were invited to answer a questionnaire and Delphi technique, both in the online form. The questionnaire characterized the professionals and their practices in teaching, researching, activities with community, and assistance and Delphi technique sought to establish a consensus on the definition of social participation. In the consultation phase of the Delphi technique, the professionals wrote their conceptions about social participation and, in the consensus phase, freely expressed their opinions and judgments, in order to, in a collective and collaborative construction, adopt a definition of social participation. In the first round of the consensus phase, 38 teachers and 27 professionals participated and in the second round, 20 and 14, respectively. According to the proceedings of the Delphi technique, part of the results was analyzed quantitatively, through the establishment of degrees of agreement for the conceptions arranged in affirmatives. Then, six categories of analysis were built, which identified the multiple ways of understanding, defining and building social participation in different fields of professional insertion: I. Social participation and social interactions, II. Social participation and movement: beyond coming and going, III. Social participation as a political practice, IV. Social participation: between an occupation and human activities, V. Social participation and the processes of social inclusion and insertion and VI. Social participation in the fields of knowledge and practice in occupational therapy. The thesis was concluded with six definitions: social participation as social interactions; as circulation, as engagement in public and political life, as a daily activity and related to engagement in activities, as a theoretical framework and as an objective and tool for practice. The use and views on social participation were found to be also related to the different fields of activity, teaching, research and activities with communities, the ways and methodologies of work, the population, their contexts of life, demands and needs. On the other hand, it was found that there were some weaknesses regarding the theoretical basis and the indiscriminate use of the concept.
Seleção do sítio reprodutivo em Antilophia galeata (Aves, Pipridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15)
Bruno, Dáfini Letícia
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5279431080415485
The habitat contains factors that ensure the reproduction and survival of the species. Selecting nesting places with specific characteristics that differ from the rest of the available habitat defines the nest-site selection, and this is a breeding strategy used virtually by all bird species. Although Brazil contains one of the greatest bird diversities in the world, only a few species have been studied under a nest-site selection perspective. Nest-site selection studies may contribute to the comprehension on how habitat changes can affect the local populations, and reveal habitat requirements to maintain target species or populations. The Helmeted Manakin, Antilophia galeata, is a Pipridae endemic to the savanna-like Cerrado biome, being common in gallery forests, and like most tropical forest understory passerines, it poorly studied under a nest-site selection perspective. Here, we addressed nest site-selection by the identification of plant species used as nest support and by the assessment of nine environmental variables for a population of A. galeata from southeastern Brazil. Our results revealed that females strongly selected the species Miconia nervosa (Melastomatacea) as nesting plant. In addition, Mixed-effect Generalized Linear Model (GLMM) revealed the presence of nests was positively associated to canopy cover and to the presence of Jussara palms, Euterpe edulis, and number of M. nervosa individuals around nests. These results suggest that the Helmeted Manakin nests in mature and well-preserved galleries stretches and this study highlights the importance of maintaining these habitat strips for the reproduction of the species.