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A pesquisa em ensino de ciências na educação de pessoas jovens e adultas em artigos científicos de periódicos brasileiros (Qualis A) publicados em 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08) Freire, Maria Júlia; Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0545873840370668
The panorama of knowledge produced on the Teaching of Natural Sciences (Biology, Physics, Geology and Chemistry) in Youth and Adult Education (YAE) evidenced a certain scarcity of investigations with analyses of research published in journals specific to the area of Science Teaching. Knowing this gap, the author investigated in a Scientific Initiation (SI) the perspectives of research on Science Teaching in YAE in scientific articles from Qualis A Brazilian journals, in the period from 1979 to 2019. It is understood that scientific knowledge is indispensable to today's human being and that it is constantly developing, so it is worth expanding the Scientific Initiation investigation in articles about Science Teaching in YAE published in 2020. The general objective of this research was to perform a comparative analysis of the perspectives for conceiving the relationship of Science Teaching in YAE identified in the period 1979-2019 with the period 2020, in Qualis A Science Teaching journals in the Brazilian context, in order to attribute greater consistency to the SI results. For this, we took dialogical learning as a reference, because it (a) provides validity for the development of an education that guarantees maximum levels of learning for everyone, (b) to have been conceived by Ramón Flecha in 1997 starting from the modality of Youth and Adult Education in the context of the information society, and (c) to be apparently in line with Scientific Literacy, which perceives scientific knowledge as indispensable to today's human being in view of the challenges of modern society. To do so, the same method of the SI was applied, of bibliographic research, through the exploration of the (14) Brazilian journals of Science Teaching Qualis A in the evaluation of the quadrennium 2013-2016, in which it was searched for articles that researched the intersection between Science Teaching and YAE. For the qualitative analysis of the results it was also adopted the Textual Discourse Analysis that consists of the processes of unitarization, categorization and communication, having as final product of the analysis a metatext. As for the perspectives obtained in qualitative analysis, for the (a) conceptions of learning the categories found in SI and that remain are objectivist and dialectic, and the dialogic category emerges; (b) for Science Teaching perspectives remain the category of social function of science teaching and subcategory of scientific literacy, emerging as a subcategory of curriculum approach the curriculum in action. The results corroborate (a) a lack regarding the amount of research published in the Qualis A Science Teaching journals investigating the Science Teaching -YAE intersection, and (b) the deficit in fulfilling the reparative, equalizing and permanent functions of YAE, as established by the National Education Council, since the learning conceptions used do not consider such aspects in their foundations.
Cultura infantil, culturas infantis e culturas da infância: polissemias em debate.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08) Alonso, Giovana; Moruzzi, Andrea Braga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1502374705668286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4896706380829176
This dissertation, inspired by Foucault's genealogy, pursues the concept of “child culture” in order to understand its polysemy, derivations and (in)definitions within the theoretical fields of Childhood Sociology, Early Childhood Education and Childhood Anthropology. Its objective is to map the concept of "child culture" and the way in which it has been mobilized, characterizing the polysemy of the concept and its derivations in the field of Early Childhood Education, Childhood Sociology and Childhood Anthropology, unfolding in the specific objectives, 1) To map and understand the concept of "child culture" in Early Childhood Education, Sociology of Childhood and Anthropology of Childhood researches, based on theoretical productions from the three areas and 2) identify in academic production the way in which the concept "child culture ” is mobilized and how its derivations, such as “children's cultures” and childhood cultures” are presented, what debates they provoke, what themes they carry and what theoretical perspectives they are based on. It starts from the work of Florestan Fernandes, a sociologist considered to be a pioneer in studies related to children and their cultures in Brazil, based on his investigation of folklore. By coining “children's culture” in his writings, Fernandes (1961) understands it as a category of social analysis, turning his gaze to the collective of children and giving visibility to other forms of socialization not considered in the researches of his time until then. Situations related to gender, ethnicity, race, social class and age are highlighted in the trocinhas and frolics investigated by Florestan Fernandes. There is, however, a certain modification and reinterpretation of the concept of “child culture” due to new debates, demands and perspectives that are being adopted with the inauguration of the fields of Childhood Sociology, Early Childhood Education and Childhood Anthropology. Based on a bibliographical survey and genealogical inspiration, 24 Brazilian productions dating from 1999 to 2021 were selected and analyzed. There is a predominance of studies on "child culture", "children's cultures" and "childhood cultures" in magazines of the educational area, showing that the proposed debate on culture is especially related to Early Childhood Education institutions. When composing a genealogy of the Sociology of Childhood, we are faced with prominent countries, theoretical perspectives that underpin it, and themes that are providential in the debates raised within it, such as agency, protagonism, production of culture and children's collective. The same was done with the concept of “child culture”, composing a genealogy about this one that would be able to present their perspectives, theoretical basis and the themes that are parallel and complementary to them. Thus, the issues of time, play, socialization, teacher education and research with children stand out. Among the theoretical basis on which these works are based, the studies by Florestan Fernandes, Manuel Sarmento and Manuel Pinto and Willian Corsaro stand out. Based on the studies analyzed and highlighted throughout this work, it is recognized that the field of Sociology of Childhood and Early Childhood Education grows and strengthens in a tangential way in the Brazilian research scenario and complement each other in relation to the interests for children and childhood . We are faced with a moving, plural and hybrid Sociology of Childhood in Brazil, as it integrates different interests, needs, objectives and methodologies in addition to sociological ones.
Proposta de processos químicos para melhor recuperação de hidrocarboneto de alto valor agregado de uma indústria de biotecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-08) Bento, Renato Franco de Camargo; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4835270236812524; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4719672751670857
The biotechnology industry studied produces a long-chain branched hydrocarbon as one of its main products with high added value and precursor to various chemicals of commercial interest. This hydrocarbon is produced by aerobic respiration of a genetically modified microorganism, and part of the target product during the purification step. The fraction of the bioproduct lost in the downstream step, if recovered, could have a positive impact on the overall bioprocess performance and, therefore, on the company’s profitability. This work proposes to evaluate the characteristics of the effluent streams of the hydrocarbon (oil) recovery and purification steps, based on the quantification of their concentration in these streams and their association form with the other by-products, to propose alternatives for its recovery. The industrial production data from 2020 were used for this study, and the statistical analysis of the quantitative data of the effluent stream identified two important point of oil losses. The first one occurs in the fermentation broth cell separation step (separation step 1), which 4.21% of the hydrocarbon is lost either by emulsification with vinasse or by microbial cells internal association. The second one occurs in the oil/water separation phase (separation step 2), which approximately 12% of the hydrocarbon fed is lost either by emulsification with the aqueous phase or by emulsification with dead cells still present in the feed stream (<1%). From this study, it is proposed that cells be separated (step 1) by cross-flow filtration or centrifugation, followed by cell disruption by high pressure homogenization for oil extraction aided by an apolar organic solvent. For the separation step 2, it is proposed to separate the cells remaining from step 1 by crossflow filtration or by series membrane filtration with appropriate sized pores. then the filtrate, mostly containing an aqueous phase would be sent to a liquid-liquid extraction column for the separation of the oil phase. As an alternative, if the separation step 2 feed stream contains less emulsified oil, it could be recovered by evaporations in steps at low pressures for water evaporation (first step) and oil evaporation (second step), remaining the solids in the evaporator. It is concluded the downstream steps of the studied industry could be modified to increasing the overall yield of the process by recovering the lost fraction of the interested product. However, the modification proposed requires future studies of economic viability and process capability to achieve the final product required purity (>97%) to decision making.