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Recursos de tecnologia assistiva para avaliação de hipóteses de escrita de alunos com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-12) Moralles, Adriana; Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2145737742048675
The present work focuses on investigating the writing hypotheses of students with Cerebral Palsy who are in the process of literacy, seeking solutions through assistive technology (TA) resources. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of students with Cerebral Palsy in relation to writing hypotheses, using assistive technology resources such as the mobile alphabet and computer access for alternative writing, and to characterize the challenges and strategies implemented for the literacy process of these students. This is a multiple case study that had as direct participants three students with cerebral palsy in literacy process, respectively at eight and nine years of age, enrolled in elementary school I of the Municipal and State networks of a city in the interior of São Paulo, which receive specialized educational care (ESA) in a convened institution. As indirect participants, the teachers who accompany these students in the ESA, in the common room and their guardians (mothers and grandmothers). Instruments applied to characterize the students, were: GMFCS) - Extended and Revised Gross Motor Function Classification System; (MACS) - Manual Skill Classification System and (CFCS) - Communication Function Classification System for individuals with CP, a protocol for assessing accessibility to the computer for students with PC; Semi-structured interviews with teachers from the common room, the ESA and with the guardians; and an event recording protocol constructed by the researcher, in addition to a field diary. The procedures include the analysis of the students' needs for the implementation of alternative writing resources based on the demands of each of the participants in the ESA and the analysis of the writing hypothesis of these students in evaluation sessions that ranged from one to two individual meetings, with proposals for recognition and naming of letters, and written using mobile alphabet and conventional keyboard. All sessions were filmed and analyzed to characterize the students' performance regarding writing, in the literacy process, as well as the need to adapt resources for the implementation of alternative writing in computer. The interviews with the teachers and guardians were recorded in audio and analyzed through content analysis. In all three cases, the teachers and family members indicated the challenges in the proposition of specific activities for literacy in view of the motor and communicative commitment of the students, with the motivation and interest of the students as strengths in the process. In the direct evaluation with the participants, it was possible to identify the hypothesis of writing of two with the use of the mobile alphabet, one at the pre-silabic level and the other in the silabic-alphabetic. With the third participant, the survey conducted in only one session was not enough to achieve a robust result in this item. It was also identified that the three participants are potential candidates for the use of the computer for alternative writing purposes, with adaptations related to the typing functions of the operating system itself, in addition to the use of acrylic hives to facilitate typing. Suggestions about other types of TA features are presented. It is considered that the study can raise relevant points for the area of Special Education when it comes to the schooling process of students with cerebral palsy and the needs of differentiated processes and resources for the quality of the proposed pedagogical work.
Auditchain: um mecanismo para atestar a integridade de logs baseado na prova de existência em blockchain pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-12) Mendonça, Bruno de Azevedo; Matias, Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3792055796261017; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1867483491355479
Digital data are critical to people and companies, acting as a crucial element in the decisionmaking process in different areas. Thus, attesting to data integrity is crucial because forgery can result in significant losses. Logs can track how this data changes over time and are essential to enable auditing. The traditional approach to ensure log integrity is to store them on well-kept servers, both from a physical and a digital security standpoint. However, this approach assumes that it is difficult to exploit these servers’ vulnerabilities and that these systems’ administrators can be trusted. Distributing the trust is an alternative that does not rely on these assumptions, and blockchain-based approaches are promising in that aspect. Even though the literature has already proposed some methods for attesting logs’ integrity after their storage, we found no works that identify Proof of Existence (PoE) as a potential basic block for carrying that task. PoE consists of sending the hash of an object to a public blockchain, proving that the object existed before its hash became included in the blockchain. Furthermore, we found no works that paid attention to ease the technique’s practical use by allowing for the ingestion of logs from different sources. Thus, this work’s primary goal is to propose an architecture capable of integrating PoE on public blockchains with Elasticsearch, a tool widely used today for indexing logs from different sources. We applied the case study method, an effective method to investigate and understand complex issues in real-world scenarios. The context addressed is that of computer technicians, in partnership with the Secretariat of Informatics (SIn) of the Federal University of São Carlos, to obtain results that can be generalized to other contexts. We conducted a comparative analysis between PoE Application Programmer Interfaces, resulting in the choice of OpenTimestamps for the development of our software prototype. We tested the last version of our prototype by attesting logs stored in SIn’s Elasticsearch service uninterruptedly for 10 days. We verified that the prototype was working correctly and presented a temporal resolution compatible with the transaction fulfillment rate sustained by public OpenTimestamps servers. We hope the knowledge obtained through the development of our software prototype, as documented in this work, will help to foster an understanding of how blockchain technology may contribute to log attestation and to raise awareness of the related techniques amongst system administrators.