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O discurso sobre a destituição de Dilma Rousseff em Folha de São Paulo, Carta Maior e Le Monde: impeachment ou golpe?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15) Souza, Felipe Masquio de; Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8099696478820921
Dans ce mémoire de maîtrise, on examine les discours concernant la destitution de l’ex-Présidente du Brésil Dilma Rousseff (PT), surtout ceux adoptés par la grande presse au pays, particulièrement par les journaux Folha de São Paulo, Carta Maior et Le Monde. Le discours n’ayant pas de date de naissance stricte ou terme exact, on s’est concentré sur les énoncés des éditoriaux de journaux, dans la limite temporelle de 2015 à 2016, en les considérant, alors, comme la réverbération d’un discours politique et médiatique contemporain, pleins tels qu’ils le sont de la spectacularisation (DÉBORD, 1997) et de l’idéologie néolibérale. L’apport théorique et méthodologique utilisé dans cette recherche est celui des postulats de Michel Foucault, dans ses contributions pour une théorie du discours, ceux de Michel Pêcheux et des penseurs autour de lui, ainsi que ceux de J-J. Courtine, dans ses importantes formulations pour l’Analyse du Discours dite française. L’objectif de ce travail c’était d’identifier d’éventuelles régularités entre les discours adoptés par les moyens de communication en cours d’analyse (si « impeachment », ou soit, la destitution, ou « coup ») à la lumière des concepts de formation discursive, énoncé, archive, etc. Pour l’atteindre, on a recouru à l’isolement de séquences discursives de référence (COURTINE, 2009), en vérifiant à la fois les possibilités d’énoncés divisés. Parmi les éditoriaux, qui totalisent 25, quelques-uns ont été sélectionnés comme les plus pertinents à l’analyse en fonction de la répétibilité des séquences discursives similaires, à partir desquelles on a cherché de mettre en évidence leurs marques dans des formations discursives distinctes, et de les situer dans des procédures internes et externes de contrôle du discours (FOUCAULT, 1970 [1996]), spécialement en ce qui concerne la notion de «volonté de vérité » et « commentaire ». Comme supposition de résultats, on a vérifié des positions énonciatives de différentes formations discursives par defaut de ce que proposait le projet éditorial de la presse analysée, étant un reflet de la présence d’Autre dans la matérialité de la langue. À part quelques exceptions de Carta Maior, portail en-ligne lu comme d’orientation progressiste, les autres moyens de communication analysés n’ont pas appronfondi les plusieurs sens probablement établis des mots « démocratie » ou « coup », en se limitant au commentaire, d’autant plus qu’ils ont répété les mêmes dires sur un même thème, ils ont appauvri leur(s) sens, en assurant la supposée souveraineté du signifiant (FOUCAULT, 1970 [1996]).
O Governo Bolsonaro e a Folha de São Paulo: uma análise dos três primeiros meses de governo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15) Mesquita, Mariana Gonçalves de; Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5276412335460378
Communication and politics are terms in confluence. Specifically, traditional communication vehicles, such as written newspapers, have a great influence on public opinion, as they are responsible for guiding discussions in the media and in the public sphere. It is no different in Brazil and one of the vehicles that carry this role in its history and circulation is Folha de São Paulo (FSP). Based on this context, the objective of this research is to understand how the FSP opinion section dealt with the first three months of the Jair Bolsonaro Government from the perspective of the study of framing theory, which is responsible for the central idea that organizes reality within certain axes of appreciation and understanding. The question underlying the survey is how Folha de São Paulo portrayed Jair Bolsonaro's government in its opinion section in the first 3 months of government, called honeymoon. The hypothesis for this question is that there was no truce period between the vehicle and the Government, as the two are ideologically out of line and, therefore, coverage was predominantly made with negative valences. Except for the coverage of economic agendas, where both the Government and the vehicle are positioned as liberal. The data presented reveal that this predominance was based on the analysis of the leaders involved and their respective agendas, in addition to a considerable proportion of content aimed at criticizing the Government.
Seleção do sítio reprodutivo em Antilophia galeata (Aves, Pipridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15) Bruno, Dáfini Letícia; Francisco, Mercival Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5279431080415485
The habitat contains factors that ensure the reproduction and survival of the species. Selecting nesting places with specific characteristics that differ from the rest of the available habitat defines the nest-site selection, and this is a breeding strategy used virtually by all bird species. Although Brazil contains one of the greatest bird diversities in the world, only a few species have been studied under a nest-site selection perspective. Nest-site selection studies may contribute to the comprehension on how habitat changes can affect the local populations, and reveal habitat requirements to maintain target species or populations. The Helmeted Manakin, Antilophia galeata, is a Pipridae endemic to the savanna-like Cerrado biome, being common in gallery forests, and like most tropical forest understory passerines, it poorly studied under a nest-site selection perspective. Here, we addressed nest site-selection by the identification of plant species used as nest support and by the assessment of nine environmental variables for a population of A. galeata from southeastern Brazil. Our results revealed that females strongly selected the species Miconia nervosa (Melastomatacea) as nesting plant. In addition, Mixed-effect Generalized Linear Model (GLMM) revealed the presence of nests was positively associated to canopy cover and to the presence of Jussara palms, Euterpe edulis, and number of M. nervosa individuals around nests. These results suggest that the Helmeted Manakin nests in mature and well-preserved galleries stretches and this study highlights the importance of maintaining these habitat strips for the reproduction of the species.
Participação social: reflexões teórico-conceituais e práticas entre e com terapeutas ocupacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15) Silva, Ana Cristina Cardoso da; Oliver, Fátima Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7671160059702308
Occupational therapists have invested in studies to assess and deepen knowledge about theoretical-methodological perspectives and theoretical-practical references that delimit specificity and draw the identities of the profession in society, which influences the production of care and discussions about the terminologies used. Social participation is one of the concepts used and can be present in professional practice. In a bibliographic survey, it was confirmed that there are different understandings (converging or not) about social participation in different areas. Consequently, it was assumed that there could be more points of view worked on by occupational therapy, which attributed other meanings and senses. For this reason, the main purpose of this research were: to identify and analyze the concepts of occupational therapists about social participation in their fields of knowledge and practice, and to contribute with a critical reflection on the theme in the context of occupational therapy. As specific aims: to identify the theoretical references on social participation that are used and produced by occupational therapists; to identify the work methodologies developed by occupational therapists to enable concrete forms of social participation of the population; to reflect on the possibilities, limits and challenges for the construction of social participation in the context of the practice of occupational therapists. From a collaborative research methodology and based on the critical perspective, occupational therapy teachers and professionals, active in the state of São Paulo, were invited to answer a questionnaire and Delphi technique, both in the online form. The questionnaire characterized the professionals and their practices in teaching, researching, activities with community, and assistance and Delphi technique sought to establish a consensus on the definition of social participation. In the consultation phase of the Delphi technique, the professionals wrote their conceptions about social participation and, in the consensus phase, freely expressed their opinions and judgments, in order to, in a collective and collaborative construction, adopt a definition of social participation. In the first round of the consensus phase, 38 teachers and 27 professionals participated and in the second round, 20 and 14, respectively. According to the proceedings of the Delphi technique, part of the results was analyzed quantitatively, through the establishment of degrees of agreement for the conceptions arranged in affirmatives. Then, six categories of analysis were built, which identified the multiple ways of understanding, defining and building social participation in different fields of professional insertion: I. Social participation and social interactions, II. Social participation and movement: beyond coming and going, III. Social participation as a political practice, IV. Social participation: between an occupation and human activities, V. Social participation and the processes of social inclusion and insertion and VI. Social participation in the fields of knowledge and practice in occupational therapy. The thesis was concluded with six definitions: social participation as social interactions; as circulation, as engagement in public and political life, as a daily activity and related to engagement in activities, as a theoretical framework and as an objective and tool for practice. The use and views on social participation were found to be also related to the different fields of activity, teaching, research and activities with communities, the ways and methodologies of work, the population, their contexts of life, demands and needs. On the other hand, it was found that there were some weaknesses regarding the theoretical basis and the indiscriminate use of the concept.
Estruturas de controle de biorreator baseadas em fluxos metabólicos para fermentações micro-aeradas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15) Mesquita, Thiago José Barbosa; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9908952129757043
The supply of oxygen as a limiting nutrient in bioreactors is a challenge, as microorganisms may have different metabolic requirements, besides the difficulty of measuring this variable in low levels. Despite the obstacles, micro-aeration has been shown to be essential for bioprocesses such as alcoholic fermentations. Therefore, using yeast catalyzed alcoholic fermentations as a case study, the objective of this thesis is to develop a control system for bioreactors based on metabolic fluxes to control the oxygen metabolic flux under micro-aeration conditions. This work involves two distinct control approaches, which used Saccharomyces cerevisiae micro-aerated cultivations as study case. The execution of the proposal was divided into four stages: (i) Obtaining of the metabolic fluxes matrices by simulations of the metabolic model iND750 and training of artificial neural networks; (ii) Conducting experiments to characterize two industrial cerevisiae strains (FT858L and FERMEL) in mini-reactors cultivations for mathematical modeling of the growth kinetics; (iii) Experimental evaluation of the control strategy with the artificial neural network incorporated; (iv) Mathematical modeling of cell growth, product formation, substrate and oxygen consumption in micro-aerated conditions, followed by operationality analysis and simulation of the control system using a biomimetic algorithm. The experiments were carried out in minimal medium (5.0g.L-1 KH2PO4, 2.0g.L-1 MgSO4.7H2O, 1.5g.L-1 of urea; 3ppm Kamoran), with hexoses as a carbon source, pH 4.5, and temperature of 30oC. In step (ii), the fermentations were carried out in mini-reactors (5 mL) equipped with a CO2 exit, in which the loss of mass due to the production of CO2 was monitored. In step (iii), following the strain selection in terms of performance, the FT858L yeast was used in batch fermentations conducted in 5 L stirred tank bioreactor with a high glucose load. Three different oxygen supply strategies were evaluated and compared: a) simple maintenance of a constant air flowrate; b) use of PID and other controllers to keep the respiratory quotient (RQ) at the desired range; c) use of a control based on metabolic fluxes with neural networks incorporated to maintain the O2 flux. The control based on neural networks was efficient in maintaining the desirable conditions of micro-aeration, leading to high yield values (0.48 gEthanol.gSubstrate-1), productivity (4.2 g.L-1.h-1) and cell viability (95%). This performance was superior to the achieved in other evaluated strategies, which presented a yield between 0.33-0.40 gEthanol.gSubstrate-1 and productivity between 3.4-3.7 g.L-1.h-1. The kinetic model incorporating substrate and ethanol inhibition and based on data generated in simple experiments in mini-reactors was able to describe the growth, product formation, and substrate consumption in conventional and micro-aerated fermentations carried out in bioreactors. The kinetic model was also used in the analysis the process operationality and in the simulations of the biomimetic control algorithm for micro-aeration. The biomimetic controller was able to maintain the O2 and CO2 fluxes at the desired set points, resulting in a productivity of 4.0 g.L-1.h-1. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of the development of precise and robust controllers for the intensification of processes whose performance is favored by micro-aeration.
A questão democrática na Guiné-Bissau: tensões entre identidades étnicas e o Estado nacional no contexto pós-colonial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-15) Salecha, Amissão; Sanchez, Fabio José Bechara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6423443695464907; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030588834688519
Le présent travail vise à comprendre la construction démocratique en Guinée-Bissau, en particulier après l'indépendance, depuis l'époque où le pays a été confronté à des crises et à des défis dans ce processus. La Guinée-Bissau a traversé, après l'indépendance, un régime dictatorial dans lequel le PAIGC (parti communiste qui était l'une des principales forces politiques dans la lutte pour l'indépendance) était la seule force dirigeante de la société. Le régime du parti unique s'est prolongé jusqu'aux années 1990. Au début de 1991, le pays aurait officiellement et formellement «adhéré» à la «démocratie». Même avec l'avènement de la «démocratie formelle», le pays a connu (et vit toujours) une instabilité politique permanente, vivant avec la guerre civile, une séquence de coups d'État, de persécutions et d'assassinats politiques, tandis que le peuple suffoque de peur. Dans ce contexte, comprendre comment la démocratie formelle moderne (libérale) se rapporte à la société bissau-guinéenne et représente davantage un blocus de la société démocratique que sa mise en œuvre est la question centrale de ce travail. Pour comprendre l'échec de ce régime, nous avons cherché - à travers des recherches bibliographiques, théoriques et documentaires - à analyser le processus qui s'est passé en Guinée-Bissau de transition vers la démocratie. Nous cherchons spécifiquement à comprendre la relation entre les pouvoirs et / ou autorités traditionnels avec l'État post-indépendance et la dynamique du capitalisme mondial dans la période néolibérale. Le néolibéralisme devient un facteur d'analyse important car c'est une période dans laquelle il y a une stratégie pour implanter / imposer dans les pays africains une recette pour la démocratie libérale (formelle) en politique et le néolibéralisme dans l'économie, qui finit par représenter - et c'est notre hypothèse de travail - une forme de néocolonialisme.