Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-04-28"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 9537

Lifestyle and rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: guidance for health professionals and support for exercise and rehabilitation programs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Goulart, Cássia da Luz
;
Silva, Rebeca Nunes
;
Oliveira, Murilo Rezende
;
Guizilini, Solange
;
Rocco, Izadora Salvador
Efeitos de um procedimento informatizado e aplicado de forma remota e síncrona na leitura e escrita de sentenças para crianças em idade escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Silva, Natany Ferreira
;
Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4210143840110003
Reading and writing repertoires are fundamental for learning more complex academic skills and enable individuals to be more autonomous. Behavior analysis has demonstrated success in applying the equivalence-based instruction (EBI) model of sentence reading instruction to children with learning disabilities. This study replicated and evaluated the effects of a computerized equivalence-based instruction (EBI) procedure on reading and writing in school-aged children. Six children, from three Brazilian states, aged from 8 to 10 years old, attented enrolled in the 2nd and 4th grades of elementary school participated in the study. For recruitment and selection of participants, the research was advertised in different messaging apps groups. The researcher made the invitation through a message published in the groups, informing about the research, the objective, the procedure, and the telephone contact. The participants were indicated by their own family members or by third parties who had contact with the children. The criteria for participating in the research were: having a maximum of 60% of correct answers in reading sentences in the Reading and Writing Network Assessment; having a computer and internet access at home; presenting behaviors such as remaining seated for the research activities, paying attention to the tasks and following the researcher's instructions and questioning her if there were doubts, and availability to participate at least three times a week in the online activities. Pre- and post-intervention and multiple probes between teaching matrices designs were employed. The teaching consisted of EBI and on the organization of stimuli in matrices, and it was conducted via a remotely and synchronously computerized procedure. Three teaching matrices were used, respecting a sentence complexity hierarchy. In the teaching sessions, the three diagonal sentences from each of the three matrices were used, totaling nine teaching sentences. For the evaluation of recombinative generalization, the nine trained sentences, six intra-matrix generalization sentences and 12 stimuli from the recombination of the elements of the three matrices (inter-matrix generalization) were used, being a total of 27 sentences in the study. The phases sequences were: 1) Initial evaluation: Reading and Writing Network Assessment, Syntactic Awareness Test and Generalization Evaluation: Typed Dictated Sentence Test; 2) Teaching the relation dictated sentence-figure (AB) and the relation dictated sentence-written sentence construction (AE); 3) Probes between the matrices; and 4) Final evaluation: Initial evaluation: Reading and Writing Network Assessment, Syntactic Awareness Test and Generalization Evaluation: Typed Dictated Sentence Test. Participants strengthened or learned the taught relations AB and AE for the taught matrices. In the assessed relations, they also strengthened and/or showed emergence of relations not directly taught. Overall, participants demonstrated increased reading comprehension repertoire (BC and CB relations) for the taught and recombined sentences, as well as increased correct sentence reading responses (CD). The data showed that the teaching conditions applied remotely and synchronously contributed to the learning of sentence reading for school-age children. Investment in studies that aim seek to develop computerized teaching procedures, especially in the pandemic context, may contribute to the learning of students in the literacy process.
Avaliação da utilização de cinzas de queima de bagaço de cana-de- açúcar na biossorção de corantes presentes em águas residuárias têxteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Sfair, Isabella Christina Athayde
;
Neves, Ubaldo Martins das
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4956114867482782
;
Neves, Anne Alessandra Cardoso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5825341428803511
The presence of dyes in textile effluents is considered one of the biggest problems by industries. These substances are mostly characterized by their low degradability, high toxic and carcinogenic potential and they can contaminate the environment and cause several problems that involve public health. In order to remedy these impacts, techniques to process these compounds are studied. Adsorption has been one of the widely accepted techniques to carry out environmental treatment of these effluents. This process is based on the affinity that some varieties of solids have in retaining certain substances on their surface. Biosorption is the adsorption process through the use of agro-industrial waste as adsorbent. The present work aimed to evaluate efficiency of ash from sugarcane bagasse in biosorption of AZUL dye BG-R CONC-EA, which it is widely used in textile industries. Tests were carried out at Federal University of São Carlos, Lagoa do Sino campus, and they contemplated preparation and characterization of adsorbent material and carried out on material with large percentage of carbon element in its composition. This can help in technique efficiency. The surface area, the volume of the pores and micropores were determined, being 333 m².g-1, 0,21 cm3/g e 0,09 cm3/g, respectively. These results were similar to those found in the literature.. The characterization of dye was also carried out, according to the Chemical Safety Information Sheet and the modeling of adsorption behavior using Langmuir isotherm. Results of isotherms revealed that all tested solutions are within favorable range to adsorption process and the solution, with a volume of 0.1 g of ash, presented the highest value of maximum adsorption capacity with separation factor closest to 1. It is concluded that the material chosen as an adsorbent has the potential to be used in the purification of wastewater from the textile industry. However, further studies should be carried out to improve the material's absorptive power.
A criança surda na Educação Infantil: o desenvolvimento de linguagem na perspectiva do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Pinto, Milena Maria
;
Santos, Lara Ferreira dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312070448044165
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4207519162784448
The diversity in the current school context, considering the target audience of Special Education, brought relevant changes to education, especially regarding the inclusive proposal, resulting in different professional practices and teaching models. Concerning the deaf, education for this public has as main parameters the linguistic and cultural differences, which should be prioritized in the learning process through bilingual education. In this context, this work aims to investigate, understand and problematize how the child language development process takes place from the teacher. This is qualitative research, whose instrument for data collection was the use of an online questionnaire - via Google Forms, with open and multiple choice questions. The participants are 15 hearing teachers who work or have worked in Early Childhood Education classrooms with the presence of one or more deaf students in public schools in the state of São Paulo in the last four years. The questions seek to understand specific points about the teacher's perspective regarding the language of deaf children, regardless of the proposal and school team. The discussions and results were elaborated from the responses to the form and the data were organized in thematic axes, according to the objectives of this research. The data analyses are anchored in the assumptions of the historical-cultural approach and indicate the impacts of social relations on the formation of the deaf subject, highlight the conceptions of teachers; language and experiences in the educational context before contact with Libras, generating reflections on inclusive and bilingual school proposals. It is expected, from this research, to contribute to studies in the area of Special Education and deaf education, especially regarding child development in this educational stage.
Efeito do método de preparação do catalisador na decomposição do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Drummond, Lorenna Magalhães
;
Santos, João Batista Oliveira dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285313473901330
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867213940241975
The catalytic decomposition of methane reaction as is an alternative for the production of hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials, being considered a COx free route. The transition metals Ni, Fe, and Co are the most used as catalysts, pure or supported, in this reaction. The type of carbon formed in the reaction depends on the experimental conditions and the type of catalyst. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify the influence of the catalyst preparation method on the production of hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials via methane decomposition. Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, containing 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 100% Ni, were prepared by coprecipitation and fusion methods. The catalysts and carbon nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, reduction in the programmed temperature and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic reaction was carried out in a fixed bed reactor, at temperatures between 500 and 700 °C, atmospheric pressure, flow rates of 50 and 200 mL/min with 40% CH4 for 1 or 3 hours. The results of the characterizations suggest that materials prepared by the coprecipitation method have smaller particle sizes and, consequently, greater surface area. Both methods of preparation were efficient in the formation of carbon nanomaterials and the catalyst 80Ni-Cop had the highest amount of formed carbon, 8,67 gC/gcat, at 600 ºC with a flow rate of 200 mL/min. Considering the catalysts tested with a flow rate of 50 mL/min, 80Ni-Fus was the one with the highest formed carbon, 7,45 gC/gcat, at 600 ºC. The catalysts produced in this work and tested at DCM enabled the formation of carbon nanofibers that were later purified with HNO3. The purification was efficient in removing the Ni metal particles that were at the tip of the carbon nanomaterials (CNMs).
Potencial uso da Artemisia annua na aquicultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Soares, Michelly Pereira
;
Sampaio, Fernanda Garcia
;
Jonsson, Claudio Martín
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7690621646529937
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1419888510506769
Fish farming in Brazil has shown great growth in recent years, mainly related to the excellent potential of some species grown in intensive production and the great acceptance of these products by the consumer market. The increase and intensification of fish production systems requires high-density cultivation and the adoption of different management technologies, which on the one hand result in excellent production gains, but which, on the other hand, can subject animals to stress demanding greater efficiency of the immune system. With the appearance of different types of diseases, fish farmers increasingly need to use chemotherapy and antibiotics to stem the spread of diseases common to intensified production systems. In addition, antibiotics are used as growth promoters, which generate excellent results, but their use has been increasingly limited for this purpose, as inappropriate or indiscriminate use can have a negative impact on both fish and the environment. In view of this, in recent years, products of natural origin have been studied for their ability to stimulate the immune system and control the main diseases in fish farming. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of Artemisia annua, a medicinal plant easily found in Brazil, as an anti-stress agent, immunostimulant, growth promoter, antibacterial and therapeutic. The use of a feed formulation containing supplementation with alcoholic extract of A. annua improves feed conversion, increases growth, improves the immune system and minimizes the stress response of farmed fish, improving resistance to the main bacteria that affect the species. Also, bioactive components of the extract and alcoholic fractions of A. annua have the potential to inhibit growth and eliminate Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae and Flavobacterium columnare, and can be applied in the treatment of bacterial infections. The results of this study contribute to the development of bioproducts for use in fish farming, collaborating with the strengthening and consolidation of production, of great economic importance. Therefore, it is hoped with the results generated contribute to the reduction of economic losses due to high mortality rates in fish farming resulting from diseases and to avoid dependence on the use of chemotherapeutic agents and synthetic antibiotics.
Processos de ciclagem de nutrientes em diferentes modelos de restauração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Mariano, Lucas Florêncio
;
Silva, Francisca Alcivânia de Melo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4122016283592995
;
Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
Once considering the growing demand for forest restoration and the search for restoration models that rehabilitate the functionalities of nutrient cycling, this study aims to evaluate the contribution, nutrients and litter decomposition in different spacing and proportion per successional group. The experimental area was installed in 2012 using a partial factorial experimental design with three randomized blocks and 10 treatments with different spacing being: 1 x 0.3 m; 1 x 1 m; 2 x 1 m and 3 x 2 m and the proportions of successional groups by pioneer (P) and non-pioneer (NP) species. Litter collections were carried out between 2018 and 2019, using circular collectors suspended at a height of 1.20 m. After fractionation and quantification of the litter collected, the fraction leaves from the months of the year 2019 was used to determine the nutrient contents. To evaluate the decomposition, litterbags were assembled with a mix of a maximum of 10 grams of dry leaves, installed in July 2019 and distributed in the proportion of three per treatment in each block for a period of 6 months and collected monthly. The results for 6 and 7 years after planting, showed spacing as the most significant treatment for litter input, with 1 x 0.3 m showing the highest values, 8244 Kg ha-1 year-1 in the sixth and 9131 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the seventh year. The content of N, Ca and Mg showed changes between spacings and the content of Ca was the only element that showed changes in proportion by successional group. Nutrient input followed the direction of litter input results, with the exception of P and K. Nutrient accumulation followed the order N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P. Litter decomposition did not show statistical differences between treatments, with the largest constant K and the shortest half-life for 80NP20P (K=0.0027 and T ½ = 265 days) and for 1 x 1 m (K= 0 .0029 and T ½ = 248 days). The decomposition process in the treatments was influenced by the microclimate, with the minimum temperature showing the greatest association with decomposition. The ordering analysis revealed that the groups formed by the smallest spacings showed greater evidence in function of the nutrient input and return to the system, showing the rapid recovery of soil functionalities at the beginning of the forest succession process.
Papeis e desempenho ocupacional de mães de crianças com deficiências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Polezi, Suelen Cristina
;
Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3660487766535040
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9908092552985108
The birth of a child with a disability represents an impact on the family structure. Studies, specifically with mothers of children with disabilities, demonstrate that there is a break in the idealization of the expected child, followed by feelings such as frustration and fear, and a rupture in daily life and in the way of realizing occupational life. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the roles and occupational performance of mothers after the birth of their disabled child. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted with 05 mothers of children diagnosed by disabilities aged between 03 and 14 years old. For data collection, the Occupational Roles List, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and a semi-structured interview scrip were applied. The collected data were discussed based on the human occupation paradigm and from the perspective of the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement. As a result, it was identified that mothers, shortly after the birth of their child, has changes in their occupational roles as workers, students, hobbies, religious and friends. However, at the present days, mothers started to play the role of volunteers with other mothers who also had children with disability. In relation to occupational performance, considering the birth of a child with a disability, mothers who currently have children aged 3 years old and dependence to perform daily life activities showed impairment in carrying out self-care, leisure and productive occupations, such as paid work, studies, aesthetic care, socializing with friends and religion. On the other hand, mothers whose children were between 6 and 14 years old who had paid work did not report problems in occupational performance, referring to achieving self-care, leisure and productivity. The mothers who reported receiving support and social support from family members, as well as from their own mothers and spouses, were the same ones who did not indicate having problems in occupational performance. It is included, then, that the experience of caring for a child with disability initially impacted the mother’s roles and occupational performance, but mothers who had social support and adapted support, returned playing roles and occupations that were previously abandoned and managed to still have positive learnings.
Poliedros regulares e semirregulares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Pafume, Mateus Rodrigo
;
Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8387532233475956
The subject os this study is a retelling of the Steps I and II of the book “Matem@tica na Pr@tica, Geometria espacial: módulo 2”, by Cláudio Carlos Dias, João Carlos Vieira Sampaio, Marlusa Benedetti da Rosa, Tomás Edson Barros. These modules are about Regular or Semi-regular (archimedean) polyedra, wich are solids obtained through the techniques of truncation or snub. The main objective pf this study is to produce a theoretical material, with historical and philosophical elements about Regular and Semi-regular polyhedra, so it can be used for undergraduate students in Mathematics.
As propriedades espectroscópicas, fotoquímicas, fotofísicas e eletroquímicas do complexo de Ru(II) cis-[Ru(tbbpy)2(4Apy)2]2+, em que tbbpy = 4,4’-ditert-butil-2,2’-bipiridina e 4Apy = 4-Aminopiridina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-28)
Rezende, Daniel Victor Alves
;
Carlos, Rose Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1578952128209168
This work involves the synthesis and characterization of the cis-[Ru(tbbpy)2(4Apy)2]2+ complex where tbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 4Apy = 4-Aminopyridine, determination of spectroscopic, photochemical and photophysical properties. The characterization by elementary analysis measures (C,H,N) confirmed the minimum proposed formula (theoretical: %C 49.51; %H 5.42; %N 10.04; experimental: %C 49.20; %H 5.95; %N 9.80). The cis-[Ru(tbbpy)2(4Apy)2] 2+ geometry was obtained by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) measurements. The complex presents intense absorption in the UV region with maximum wavelength at 246 nm (E = 3.54x104 mol-1cm-1L), 294 nm (E= 6.11x104 mol-1cm-1L), 332 nm (E = 1.54x104 mol-1cm-1L) and intense absorption in the visible with maximum at 490 nm (E= 9.31x103 mol-1cm-1L). The emission spectrum in CH3CN has a maximum at 658 nm which is independent of the excitation wavelength. The cyclic voltamogram shows a redox pair at 1.08 V and 0.98 V, referring to the oxidation process and reduction of ruthenium. The complex is stable in the solid state and slightly soluble in aqueous medium (pH 2 to 8). The irradiation with continuous light of 450 and 518 nm resulted in the dissociation of the two 4Apy in aqueous medium and in organic solvents and in the suppression of the emission of the complex. The comparison of computational calculations with the experimental data obtained contributed relevantly to the understanding of the photochemical and photophysical properties of the cis-[Ru(tbbpy)2(4Apy)2]2+ complex, observing a satisfactory similarity and compatible information regarding the triplet state of lower energy responsible for the emission, in which it comes from an electronic 3MLCT transition, presenting an E0-0 of 660 nm, similar to the experimental emission observed at 658 nm.
Diagnóstico das condições para implantação da Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM) em municípios de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Alves, Thiago Rodrigo de Oliveira
;
Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1790395000927499
Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology currently represents one of the main options for modernizing and restructuring design and construction practices for the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) sector. To provide more significant savings, efficiency, and transparency to its projects, the Federal Government prepared the National BIM Dissemination Strategy, also known as the BIM-BR Strategy. The first phase aims to apply BIM methodology to develop public projects for architecture and engineering. This study aims to verify the conditions of receptivity and existing infrastructure for implementing BIM by the management of small municipalities, that is, those with a population of fewer than 20 thousand inhabitants. A pilot study of a descriptive and exploratory case study was first carried out to seek validation for the elaborated questionnaire. The survey was carried out with nine small municipalities located in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo, verifying the conditions of receptivity, infrastructure and analyzing professionals' perceptions regarding the possible obstacles to BIM realization. Despite the possible benefits of implementing the BIM methodology, it was lying that several barriers can impede the dissemination process. The professionals' experience, financial factors, staff availability, equipment, and program requirements were some perceived difficulties in introducing the new tools. Finally, it was verified that the assistance of other government instances to carry out investments in the modernization of equipment and systems of small city halls would be crucial for the future dissemination of BIM for this group. Simple initiatives, such as the development of normative instruments, training and qualifications, and the implementation of communication management systems between sectors, can also help to improve BIM's receptivity by small-sized city halls.
Conversão de furfural sobre zeólitas (Hf, Al)-ZSM-5 hierárquicas: controle da relação de sítios ácidos de Lewis e Brønsted e seu efeito na seletividade a produtos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Silva, Domingos Sérgio Araújo
;
Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9207614236832829
One-pot catalytic processes using heterogeneous acid catalysts have been a promising strategy for the valorization of platform molecules from lignocellulosic biomass, such as the transformation of furfural (Fur) to γ-valerolactone (GVL), levulinic acid (AL), levulinate esters, angelic lactones, etc., which can be used for the production of biofuels and additives, "green" solvents and chemical intermediates. Among the catalysts used in these processes, zeolites with Lewis acidity (L) and Brønsted (B) have demonstrated remarkable activities for coupling reactions by Meerwein Ponndorf-Verley transfer hydrogenation (MPV), hydrolysis/ alcoholysis and lactonization, which are routes of synthesis used in the conversion of molecules derived from lignocellulosic biomass. However, in the conversion of Fu, there are still limitations to be overcome, such as the development of more selective heterogeneous catalysts and with more active and accessible sites capable of performing the stages of hydrogenation by MPV and hydrolysis/alcoholysis. For MPV transfer hydrogenation reactions, zeolites with incorporated tetravalent metals (Ti, Sn, Zr, and Hf) have shown high activities, with those Hf-incorporated being the most active. In this context, this work proposes to develop hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites containing L acid sites generated by Hf and B acid sites to be used as catalysts for the conversion of Fur in the presence of 2-propanol to more valuable products. For this purpose, hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with acidity of L and B were prepared by post-synthesis strategies of desilication, dealumination, and incorporation in liquid phase of Hf4+ cations. Analyses from XRD, DRS-UV-Vis, N2 physisorption, and FTIR in situ with adsorbed pyridine proved that the synthesis methods employed are capable to obtain micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites with both types of acid sites. In the catalytic tests, the hierarchical zeolites were able to catalyze the Fur conversion by in series reactions, generating mainly products such as GVL, AL, isopropyl levulinate (LI), β-angelic lactone (β AgL), and 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (2-IPF). The distribution of these products was strongly affected by the textural and acidic properties of the materials. The control of the B/L ratio proved to be essential in obtaining more efficient catalysts. To make this control, different strategies were used, such as heat treatments, changes in the degree of incorporation of the metallic cation, and physical mixtures of solids with L or B acidity. For the thermally treated mesoporous zeolites (Hf, Al)-ZSM-5, the selectivity to GVL decreased with the increase of the calcination temperature of the catalyst, and up to 450 °C its selectivity remained constant. The adjustment of the B/L ratio obtained with the change in the textural properties of the zeolite and subsequent insertion of Hf allowed changing the accessibility of the precursor of the metallic cation and its degree of incorporation, resulting in catalysts with different activities and selectivities. Physical mixtures of protonic hierarchical zeolites with HfO2 were also efficient for controlling the B/L ratio in a simpler and faster way. Using 30 mg of a micro-mesoporous zeolite (Hf, Al)-ZSM-5 containing 1.53 μmol of L and 4.14 μmol of B, it was possible to convert about 200 μmol of Fur after 40 h of reaction at 120 °C, obtaining GVL and LI yields of 35 and 23%, respectively. Catalytic tests varying the reaction conditions allowed to verify that the yields and selectivities to products of interest for the sectors of biofuels and chemical intermediates such as GVL and LI can be improved with the increase of the reaction temperature, catalyst mass and adjustment of the B/L ratio. In addition, catalyst reuse tests showed that the micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite having B and L sites generated by Hf maintained its catalytic activity until at least four consecutive reaction cycles. In general, the strategies presented were promising for the development of potential catalysts for the reactions of transformation of furan molecules into highly demanded products, such as biofuels, additives and chemical intermediates.
Fotoconversão de CO2 em produtos com valor agregado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Faria, Ana Luiza Alves
;
Nogueira, Francisco Guilherme Esteves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8117497993539795
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1261471786703960
In recent decades, due to population and industrial growth, the energy demand has increased significantly. However, much of the energy consumed comes from burning fossil fuels, which emit large amounts of gases that can increase the temperature of the earth. Among these gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) stands out as one of the main causes of the greenhouse effect. Thus, the need to develop new economically and energetically viable technologies for energy production through clean and sustainable routes is essential. Among these technologies, the CO2 photoconversion process (“artificial photosynthesis”) in products with added value can be highlighted. However, the vast majority of semiconductors developed to date, for this purpose, have a high rate of recombination of their photogenerated electron/hole pairs, thus reducing the efficiency of the process. In order to improve the photocatalytic efficiency, this project aimed to develop semiconductors based on niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) modified with iron (Fe) or copper (Cu) for photoreduction of CO2, aiming to increase the photocatalytic efficiency of the material through the reduction in the rate of recombination of the photogenerated electron/hole pairs. For this, semiconductors based on Nb2O5 were synthesized by the oxidizing peroxide method under hydrothermal treatment. The depositions of Fe or Cu were carried out by the method of sputtering ("magnetron sputtering") since this technique allows the deposition of nanoparticles with a high degree of purity. The addition of Fe or Cu nanoparticles on the Nb2O5 surface significantly reduced the rate of recombination of the photogenerated electron/hole pairs, due to the greater spatial separation of the photogenerated charges through the formation of heterostructure between the materials, which resulted in a significant increase in CO2 photoconversion. The materials modified with Fe showed high production of carbon monoxide (CO) (356.6 µmol/g). In addition, the calcination of the Nb2O5 semiconductor and its modification with Fe favored the production of methane (5.13 µmol/g), methanol (75.78 µmol/g) and acetic acid (69.07 µmol/g). On the other hand, Cu-modified materials showed a high production of methane (52.5 µmol/g) and methanol (628.01 µmol/g), compared to Nb2O5 and the catalysts modified with Fe The higher conversion efficiency for materials modified with Cu is related to the ability of Cu to trap the photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of Nb2O5.
Análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica da integração do processo de recuperação de etanol por arraste (stripping) com CO2 na indústria sucroenergética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Souza, Fabricio Menezes de
;
Queiroz, João Paulo Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane ethanol producer which puts the country in a stand-out position among the bioenergy producers. Ethanol is an important biofuel in the renewable energy matrix. In 2017, the Brazilian Government launched the National Biofuel Policy, named “RenovaBio”. With this program, it is expected an increase in production process efficiency and a reduction in the by-product generated. To achieve these goals, producing a more concentrated wine in the fermentation stage is a good strategy. However, in the fermentation process, ethanol itself is a limiter, since it is a toxic compound to the yeasts, which reduces or even stops the cell growth rate when high concentrations are achieved. To overcome this problem, ethanol can be produced and removed from the fermentation medium as it is formed. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze ethanol removal from the fermentation broth using the carbon dioxide striping technique. The ethanol removed by the carbon dioxide stream is recovered by absorption using monoethylene glycol. This integrated process (removal and recovery process) was implemented and evaluated in an industrial autonomous and annex distillery implemented in the Aspen Plus process simulator. The implementation of extractive fermentation in the conventional ethanol production process increased the electric energy production by 9.4% besides reduced the amount of vinasse by 0.5 liters per liter of ethanol compared to the conventional autonomous distillery. Furthermore, the sugar recovery as ethanol was increased by 1.07%. These results showed that extractive fermentation becomes economically feasible when low specific stripping gas flow rates are used in the process. However, the recovery of the entrained ethanol and the requirement of the energy to compress the carbon dioxide stream were the main factors that impact the process viability. The first one had a positive impact whereas the second one exhibit a negative impact.
Transição agroecológica em uma abordagem sociocultural: ressignificação de práticas agrícolas, localidades e modos de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Vaz, Renata Maria Guerreiro Fontoura Costa
;
Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071
;
Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
Starting from the notion of transition in the field of agroecology, this thesis refers to an analysis of this process through the socio-cultural relations that constitute it, based on three case studies in the city of São Carlos. Also, the research had as objectives to understand the motivations that lead farmers to adhere to ecologically-based production methods; to analyze the new social and environmental relations resulting from the agroecological transition; to unveil the processes of redefining and creating new identities linked to agroecology; to investigate the relocation processes originated from the new conceived productive practices; and to compare the different transition processes and the respective nuances among the studied cases, taking into account the specific social and historical contexts of each reality. The hypothesis presented is that the agroecological transition, understood as a socio-cultural process triggered by multiple elements, promotes substantial changes in the social and environmental relations of the subjects who experience it, which is presented through the adoption of new ecological based productive practices, the changing of values, the building of new networks of communication and collaboration among the many social actors, the relocation, and transformation at the territorial level –in a dynamics that flows from disenchantment regarding the conventional mode of production to the enchantment by the possibilities of change that ecologically-based agriculture provides – associated with the challenges inherent to this rupture. In order to do so, the notions of “critical event”, by Veena Das, and “symbolic efficacy”, by Lévi-Strauss, were adopted as analytical references, which were adapted for the understanding of motivating and/or rupture events that lead the subjects and social groups to adhere to engagement in transition, and the process of food relocation. Interviews were conducted with the aforementioned social groups, with a focus on addressing life trajectories, in addition to participatory methodologies and participant observation. The collected narratives were examined by means of the Discursive Textual Analysis. Analysis categories were developed referring to the period that precedes the engagement in the transition process, among them, there are the origins and ways of life, the struggle for land, and motivating and/or rupture events. From that moment on, new social and environmental relations were created by these groups, analyzed based on factors such as: the search for new knowledge and adopted productive techniques; access to public policies and development projects; their own consumption and food security; redefinition of values associated with agroecological production; relocation; marketing and certification strategies; and overcome/present challenges and/or conflicts, among others. Thus, as results, the research reveals that the engagement in the agroecological transition requires specific knowledge and is related to the creation of meaning and the construction of trusting relationships, it requires constant dedication and is linked to values that go beyond monetary. A process, therefore, that is triggered by endogenous and exogenous reasons, in which the motivating events play a crucial role, in different realities of life in rural areas.
Efeito da exigência de respostas ecoicas durante o ensino de discriminação auditivo-visual na emergência de tatos em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Carneiro, Anne Caroline da Costa
;
Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6394261833355301
Many studies have been developing procedures to teach verbal repertoires to children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a auditory visual discrimination training with and without echoic response requirement in the emergence of tacts in children with autism, and evaluate if the moment in which the response was required (e.g., after the auditory stimulus was presented meanwhile children attempted to the visual stimulus) could lead to the emergence of tact responses. 3 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study and were exposed to the following experimental conditions: 1) Pretest tact probe, with the purpose of evaluate the participant's entry repertoire and choose the target stimulus, 2) Auditory visual discrimination training with echoic response requirement to one set of stimulus in which the participant was required to emit the echoic response after the auditory stimulus was presented meanwhile children attempted to the visual stimulus, 3) Auditory visual discrimination training without echoic response requirement to another set of stimulus, and, 4) posttest tact probe to evaluate the effects of echoic responses requirement in the emergence of tacts. An alterned treatment design was implemented allowing the evaluation inter and intra participants. The results demonstrates a high level of tact emergence for all participants suggesting that echoic responses requirement in an specific moment in which it is emitted could play an important role in the emergence of tacts in as auditory visual discrimination training procedure.
Biorrefinaria aplicada à cadeia de soja: um estudo de caso de extração verde e sustentável de isoflavonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Stahl, Aylon Matheus
;
Forim, Moacir Rossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
;
Zuin, Vânia Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
SOY BIOREFINERY: GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE EXTRACTION OF ISOFLAVONES. Brazil has the potential to be the world's largest producer of soybeans (Glycine max), being, in 2020, responsible for the production of 124 Mt of oilseeds. However, about 70% of the mass produced ends up being transformed into waste during the countless processing steps to generate oil, bran and grains. These agro-industrial residues have high added-value substances that can be extracted and reintegrated into the production chain using green techniques. Considering new practices aligned with sustainable development to face global challenges, such as the circular economy and the use of green and sustainable chemical processes, the concept of biorefinery presents itself as an economically viable way to achieve such objectives. This concept seeks creative processes for the extraction and transformation of this residual material that are sustainable in their core. Therefore, the investigation of by-products from soy processing is the first step to reinsert them in the production chain through the concepts of biorefinery and green and sustainable chemistry, establishing initial steps towards a non-linear economy. Thus, the extraction of two bioactive compounds from soy agro-industrial residues, the isoflavones of commercial interest daidzein and genistein, was investigated. For the extraction of these substances, two industrially scalable techniques were used: Extraction Assisted by High-Speed Homogenizer and Extraction Assisted by Ultrasound. For the optimization of procedures, the following chemometric treatments were performed: Full Factorial Design and Fractional Factorial Design, for the selection of the most relevant variables for higher extraction yields, and the Central Composite Design, for the creation of mathematical models capable of describing the best parameters for extraction. In order to make the procedure more sustainable, the extractions were performed only with mixtures of water and ethanol as the extraction solvent and, also, a chromatographic method was developed for quantification in an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatograph coupled to a diode array detector in the ultraviolet-visible range. In order to analyze the efficiency of resources use of the experiments, the metric "sustainable factors" was employed, considering sample mass, solvent volume, energy and time. The chromatographic method developed proved to be selective, linear and with adequate limits of detection and quantification for the extracts obtained. Among the variables studied, the sample-to-solvent ratio and the composition of the extraction solvent are the most significant for both techniques. The highest extraction yield obtained (in mg g-1) for extraction using homogenizer was 0.11 for daidzein and 0.071 for genistein; and for extraction using the ultrasonic bath it was 0.14 for daidzein and 0.082 for genistein. When analyzing the results, some experiments with slightly lower extraction yields showed greater efficiency in the use of resources considering the mass of the extracted analytes. In general, it was shown that it is possible to adopt agro-industrial residues as sources of commercially important molecules. These compounds extraction from processing residues can be carried out in an efficient and sustainable manner.
Catalisadores NiMo/γ-Al2O3 aditivados com Nb - Atividade para a hidrodessulfurização de tiofeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Valdés-de-Freitas, Carlos Eduardo
;
Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0469034531788570
The burning of fuels in the industry or in vehicle engines is a direct agent in the generation of the atmospheric pollution through the emission of contaminating gases such as NOx and SOx. To minimize this impact, environmental regulations have become increasingly stricter. Thus, the production of clean fuels became of fundamental importance, which has been deeply addressed by the environmental catalysis. Among the most used processes, the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of hydrocarbons stands out a method in which the sulfur of compounds such as thiophenes, benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, is reduced to H2S. The most used catalysts to this process have as active phase molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W) sulfides, promoted by cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni). The commercial used support is γ-alumina, synthesized by sol-gel, which has a uniform particle size and high specific area. However, with the aim to increase the activity and stability of these catalysts, additives can be added, being niobium one of them, which has shown promising results. In this work, catalysts based on Ni and Mo sulfides were prepared, adding Nb as additive. The precursors were supported via impregnation on γ-alumina prepared by the sol-gel method or via one-pot during the synthesis of that support, with or without the presence of the surfactant CTAB. The metals were incorporated with nominal contents of 4 wt.% of NiO, 18 wt.% of MoO3 and 0.7 wt.% of Nb2O5. The catalysts in their oxide form were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (including low angle diffraction), nitrogen physisorption, visible ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS-UVvis) and evaluated at 300ºC in the HDS of thiophene, used as a model molecule. γ-Alumina showed high surface area and pore volume, and that synthesized in the presence of CTAB resulted in a more homogeneous mesopores distribution. XRD data showed an efficient dispersion of the active species on the support, which was confirmed by DRS-UVvis. The HDS of thiophene on the studied catalysts confirmed the promoting effect of Ni on the Mo activity and a promising impact of Nb as an additive, which increased the activity of the NiMo catalyst.
Exposição da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) ao triclorfon e a hipercarbia, isolados ou associados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Cardoso, Israel Luz
;
Sampaio, Fernanda Garcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1419888510506769
;
Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
Trichlorfon (TCF) is widely used in Brazil and worldwide aquaculture as a compound to control ectoparasites in fish. However, TCF is a pesticide with moderate toxicity in vertebrates and, therefore, its application can be an intensifier of damage on the physiological and biochemical responses in fish already facing problems in environmental quality such as the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, in this study, an investigation approach was adopted considering the effects of TCF on the health of fish isolated or associated with high [CO2] in the water. Two experiments were developed to investigate such effects: Experiment 1: Nile tilapia exposure to TCF for 96 h was investigated. In this study, we registered behavioral, metabolic and hormonal changes that modified the response patterns of the immune and enzymatic defense systems in the muscle and liver tissues. There was an increase in plasma cortisol and glucose combined with a reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and liver tissue after 96 h of exposure to TCF, indicating chemical stress. In response to this harmful situation, we observed changes in the immune system that lead to an increase in the number of leukocytes, thrombocytes, monocyte respiratory activity, lysozyme and leukocytes. In addition, we associate the increased activity of GST in liver tissue as a strategy used by fish to combat the effects of TCF. Therefore, we conclude that the TCF affects the physiological parameters of Nile tilapia, which can generate irreversible effects of recovery of the clinical condition. In experiment 2: Nile tilapia exposure to TCF alone or associated with discharge [CO2] for 48 h was investigated. In this study, we found that the association of experimental conditions intensified the damage to the blood tissue of fish. The reduction in the number of RBC and Ht (%) reveals a deficiency in the transport of O2, offset by the increase in Hb. The reduction in leukocytes and thrombotics indicates less immunological resistance to fight pathogenic diseases or less capacity to recover after damage to the blood tissues. The increase in lysozyme suggests an increase in the action of the nonspecific immune system to fight primary infections in fish. The study also showed that TCF affects the neuromotor cholinergic system of fish by inhibiting acetylcholine (AChE). The antioxidant defense system assessed by the lipoperoxidation marker (LPO) and activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in fish were also altered by the action of TCF alone or associated with discharge [CO2]. The increase in OLP suggests that TCF and high [CO2] in water are pro-oxidant factors and, therefore, the positive regulation of CAT and GST activity was to maintain LPO concentrations at levels that are not harmful to liver tissue. Therefore, our study highlights the need to search for new compounds that could replace TCF, having no or few adverse effects on fish species. In addition, considering that high levels of CO2 occur in intensive production, mainly in a water recirculation system, we recommend that the levels of dissolved CO2 should be monitored regularly in the cultivation tanks.
Capacidades motoras e participação em casa de lactentes de risco biológico no primeiro ano de vida: impacto de fatores ambientais considerando a pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Abreu, Raissa Wanderley Ferraz de
;
Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0595803592033851
According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), functionality results from the positive interaction between the components of body structure and function, activity and participation, under the influence of environmental factors. In this context, the importance of biopsychosocial assessment in biological risk infants is highlighted, since activities and participation can be impacted by adversities at birth, possible predictors of disability, as well as by environmental barriers. Among the various environmental factors (social, physical and attitudinal) the current scenario of the pandemic is emphasized, with Social Distancing (SD) as likely for the development of infants, especially those with biological vulnerability. In view of this, there was a motivation to prepare a systematic review, in order to verify which facilitators and barriers related to the home environment are capable of impacting motor resources and the participation of biological risk infants in the first year of life (Study I). This review analyzed that household environmental factors impacted motor resources in the first year of life, however, many factors were inconclusive or contradictory, and no studies were found that assessed their effects on participation at home. After completion of the review, gaps regarding the topic and the current pandemic scenario follow. Thus, Study II was designed with the objective of determining the impact of environmental factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the domains of motor resources and in the participation of biological risk infants in the home in the first year of life. Motor resources were assessed through the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and Infant Motor Profile (IMP) instruments, participation through the Participation and Environment Measure - Young Children (YC-PEM), and environmental factors through the instruments " Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Baby Scale" (AHEMD-IS), YC-PEM (general home environment), average monthly income assessed (ABEP) and by a questionnaire designed to verify the aspects of DS (COVID questionnaire) -19). The results showed that the home environment was a facilitator of motor skills, referring to greater maternal age, greater opportunity offered by the environment, associated with maternal education, higher family income, emotional and financial factors of SD and less need for physiotherapy interventions/guidance . However, for the outcome of involvement in participation, only maternal education and less need for physical therapy intervention/guidance were performance predictors. Thus, it is emphasized that environmental factors can have a peculiar impact on the functionality components, illustrating the need for a biopsychosocial assessment. Furthermore, this dissertation brings extremely relevant scientific, clinical and social contributions, since it will favor the optimization of evidence-based practice, in directing appropriate guidelines to families. This can help health professionals to implement strategies, through remote assessments and guidance that favor motor skills and the infant's participation in the home environment. In addition, early identification of the impact of environmental factors on the functionality of infants at biological risk will provide adequate and brief referral to biopsychosocial intervention.