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Diagnóstico das condições para implantação da Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM) em municípios de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Alves, Thiago Rodrigo de Oliveira
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Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1790395000927499
Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology currently represents one of the main options for modernizing and restructuring design and construction practices for the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) sector. To provide more significant savings, efficiency, and transparency to its projects, the Federal Government prepared the National BIM Dissemination Strategy, also known as the BIM-BR Strategy. The first phase aims to apply BIM methodology to develop public projects for architecture and engineering. This study aims to verify the conditions of receptivity and existing infrastructure for implementing BIM by the management of small municipalities, that is, those with a population of fewer than 20 thousand inhabitants. A pilot study of a descriptive and exploratory case study was first carried out to seek validation for the elaborated questionnaire. The survey was carried out with nine small municipalities located in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo, verifying the conditions of receptivity, infrastructure and analyzing professionals' perceptions regarding the possible obstacles to BIM realization. Despite the possible benefits of implementing the BIM methodology, it was lying that several barriers can impede the dissemination process. The professionals' experience, financial factors, staff availability, equipment, and program requirements were some perceived difficulties in introducing the new tools. Finally, it was verified that the assistance of other government instances to carry out investments in the modernization of equipment and systems of small city halls would be crucial for the future dissemination of BIM for this group. Simple initiatives, such as the development of normative instruments, training and qualifications, and the implementation of communication management systems between sectors, can also help to improve BIM's receptivity by small-sized city halls.
Conversão de furfural sobre zeólitas (Hf, Al)-ZSM-5 hierárquicas: controle da relação de sítios ácidos de Lewis e Brønsted e seu efeito na seletividade a produtos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Silva, Domingos Sérgio Araújo
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9207614236832829
One-pot catalytic processes using heterogeneous acid catalysts have been a promising strategy for the valorization of platform molecules from lignocellulosic biomass, such as the transformation of furfural (Fur) to γ-valerolactone (GVL), levulinic acid (AL), levulinate esters, angelic lactones, etc., which can be used for the production of biofuels and additives, "green" solvents and chemical intermediates. Among the catalysts used in these processes, zeolites with Lewis acidity (L) and Brønsted (B) have demonstrated remarkable activities for coupling reactions by Meerwein Ponndorf-Verley transfer hydrogenation (MPV), hydrolysis/ alcoholysis and lactonization, which are routes of synthesis used in the conversion of molecules derived from lignocellulosic biomass. However, in the conversion of Fu, there are still limitations to be overcome, such as the development of more selective heterogeneous catalysts and with more active and accessible sites capable of performing the stages of hydrogenation by MPV and hydrolysis/alcoholysis. For MPV transfer hydrogenation reactions, zeolites with incorporated tetravalent metals (Ti, Sn, Zr, and Hf) have shown high activities, with those Hf-incorporated being the most active. In this context, this work proposes to develop hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites containing L acid sites generated by Hf and B acid sites to be used as catalysts for the conversion of Fur in the presence of 2-propanol to more valuable products. For this purpose, hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with acidity of L and B were prepared by post-synthesis strategies of desilication, dealumination, and incorporation in liquid phase of Hf4+ cations. Analyses from XRD, DRS-UV-Vis, N2 physisorption, and FTIR in situ with adsorbed pyridine proved that the synthesis methods employed are capable to obtain micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites with both types of acid sites. In the catalytic tests, the hierarchical zeolites were able to catalyze the Fur conversion by in series reactions, generating mainly products such as GVL, AL, isopropyl levulinate (LI), β-angelic lactone (β AgL), and 2-(isopropoxymethyl)furan (2-IPF). The distribution of these products was strongly affected by the textural and acidic properties of the materials. The control of the B/L ratio proved to be essential in obtaining more efficient catalysts. To make this control, different strategies were used, such as heat treatments, changes in the degree of incorporation of the metallic cation, and physical mixtures of solids with L or B acidity. For the thermally treated mesoporous zeolites (Hf, Al)-ZSM-5, the selectivity to GVL decreased with the increase of the calcination temperature of the catalyst, and up to 450 °C its selectivity remained constant. The adjustment of the B/L ratio obtained with the change in the textural properties of the zeolite and subsequent insertion of Hf allowed changing the accessibility of the precursor of the metallic cation and its degree of incorporation, resulting in catalysts with different activities and selectivities. Physical mixtures of protonic hierarchical zeolites with HfO2 were also efficient for controlling the B/L ratio in a simpler and faster way. Using 30 mg of a micro-mesoporous zeolite (Hf, Al)-ZSM-5 containing 1.53 μmol of L and 4.14 μmol of B, it was possible to convert about 200 μmol of Fur after 40 h of reaction at 120 °C, obtaining GVL and LI yields of 35 and 23%, respectively. Catalytic tests varying the reaction conditions allowed to verify that the yields and selectivities to products of interest for the sectors of biofuels and chemical intermediates such as GVL and LI can be improved with the increase of the reaction temperature, catalyst mass and adjustment of the B/L ratio. In addition, catalyst reuse tests showed that the micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite having B and L sites generated by Hf maintained its catalytic activity until at least four consecutive reaction cycles. In general, the strategies presented were promising for the development of potential catalysts for the reactions of transformation of furan molecules into highly demanded products, such as biofuels, additives and chemical intermediates.
Fotoconversão de CO2 em produtos com valor agregado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Faria, Ana Luiza Alves
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Nogueira, Francisco Guilherme Esteves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8117497993539795
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1261471786703960
In recent decades, due to population and industrial growth, the energy demand has increased significantly. However, much of the energy consumed comes from burning fossil fuels, which emit large amounts of gases that can increase the temperature of the earth. Among these gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) stands out as one of the main causes of the greenhouse effect. Thus, the need to develop new economically and energetically viable technologies for energy production through clean and sustainable routes is essential. Among these technologies, the CO2 photoconversion process (“artificial photosynthesis”) in products with added value can be highlighted. However, the vast majority of semiconductors developed to date, for this purpose, have a high rate of recombination of their photogenerated electron/hole pairs, thus reducing the efficiency of the process. In order to improve the photocatalytic efficiency, this project aimed to develop semiconductors based on niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) modified with iron (Fe) or copper (Cu) for photoreduction of CO2, aiming to increase the photocatalytic efficiency of the material through the reduction in the rate of recombination of the photogenerated electron/hole pairs. For this, semiconductors based on Nb2O5 were synthesized by the oxidizing peroxide method under hydrothermal treatment. The depositions of Fe or Cu were carried out by the method of sputtering ("magnetron sputtering") since this technique allows the deposition of nanoparticles with a high degree of purity. The addition of Fe or Cu nanoparticles on the Nb2O5 surface significantly reduced the rate of recombination of the photogenerated electron/hole pairs, due to the greater spatial separation of the photogenerated charges through the formation of heterostructure between the materials, which resulted in a significant increase in CO2 photoconversion. The materials modified with Fe showed high production of carbon monoxide (CO) (356.6 µmol/g). In addition, the calcination of the Nb2O5 semiconductor and its modification with Fe favored the production of methane (5.13 µmol/g), methanol (75.78 µmol/g) and acetic acid (69.07 µmol/g). On the other hand, Cu-modified materials showed a high production of methane (52.5 µmol/g) and methanol (628.01 µmol/g), compared to Nb2O5 and the catalysts modified with Fe The higher conversion efficiency for materials modified with Cu is related to the ability of Cu to trap the photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of Nb2O5.
Análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica da integração do processo de recuperação de etanol por arraste (stripping) com CO2 na indústria sucroenergética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Souza, Fabricio Menezes de
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Queiroz, João Paulo Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane ethanol producer which puts the country in a stand-out position among the bioenergy producers. Ethanol is an important biofuel in the renewable energy matrix. In 2017, the Brazilian Government launched the National Biofuel Policy, named “RenovaBio”. With this program, it is expected an increase in production process efficiency and a reduction in the by-product generated. To achieve these goals, producing a more concentrated wine in the fermentation stage is a good strategy. However, in the fermentation process, ethanol itself is a limiter, since it is a toxic compound to the yeasts, which reduces or even stops the cell growth rate when high concentrations are achieved. To overcome this problem, ethanol can be produced and removed from the fermentation medium as it is formed. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze ethanol removal from the fermentation broth using the carbon dioxide striping technique. The ethanol removed by the carbon dioxide stream is recovered by absorption using monoethylene glycol. This integrated process (removal and recovery process) was implemented and evaluated in an industrial autonomous and annex distillery implemented in the Aspen Plus process simulator. The implementation of extractive fermentation in the conventional ethanol production process increased the electric energy production by 9.4% besides reduced the amount of vinasse by 0.5 liters per liter of ethanol compared to the conventional autonomous distillery. Furthermore, the sugar recovery as ethanol was increased by 1.07%. These results showed that extractive fermentation becomes economically feasible when low specific stripping gas flow rates are used in the process. However, the recovery of the entrained ethanol and the requirement of the energy to compress the carbon dioxide stream were the main factors that impact the process viability. The first one had a positive impact whereas the second one exhibit a negative impact.
Transição agroecológica em uma abordagem sociocultural: ressignificação de práticas agrícolas, localidades e modos de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Vaz, Renata Maria Guerreiro Fontoura Costa
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Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
Starting from the notion of transition in the field of agroecology, this thesis refers to an analysis of this process through the socio-cultural relations that constitute it, based on three case studies in the city of São Carlos. Also, the research had as objectives to understand the motivations that lead farmers to adhere to ecologically-based production methods; to analyze the new social and environmental relations resulting from the agroecological transition; to unveil the processes of redefining and creating new identities linked to agroecology; to investigate the relocation processes originated from the new conceived productive practices; and to compare the different transition processes and the respective nuances among the studied cases, taking into account the specific social and historical contexts of each reality. The hypothesis presented is that the agroecological transition, understood as a socio-cultural process triggered by multiple elements, promotes substantial changes in the social and environmental relations of the subjects who experience it, which is presented through the adoption of new ecological based productive practices, the changing of values, the building of new networks of communication and collaboration among the many social actors, the relocation, and transformation at the territorial level –in a dynamics that flows from disenchantment regarding the conventional mode of production to the enchantment by the possibilities of change that ecologically-based agriculture provides – associated with the challenges inherent to this rupture. In order to do so, the notions of “critical event”, by Veena Das, and “symbolic efficacy”, by Lévi-Strauss, were adopted as analytical references, which were adapted for the understanding of motivating and/or rupture events that lead the subjects and social groups to adhere to engagement in transition, and the process of food relocation. Interviews were conducted with the aforementioned social groups, with a focus on addressing life trajectories, in addition to participatory methodologies and participant observation. The collected narratives were examined by means of the Discursive Textual Analysis. Analysis categories were developed referring to the period that precedes the engagement in the transition process, among them, there are the origins and ways of life, the struggle for land, and motivating and/or rupture events. From that moment on, new social and environmental relations were created by these groups, analyzed based on factors such as: the search for new knowledge and adopted productive techniques; access to public policies and development projects; their own consumption and food security; redefinition of values associated with agroecological production; relocation; marketing and certification strategies; and overcome/present challenges and/or conflicts, among others. Thus, as results, the research reveals that the engagement in the agroecological transition requires specific knowledge and is related to the creation of meaning and the construction of trusting relationships, it requires constant dedication and is linked to values that go beyond monetary. A process, therefore, that is triggered by endogenous and exogenous reasons, in which the motivating events play a crucial role, in different realities of life in rural areas.
Efeito da exigência de respostas ecoicas durante o ensino de discriminação auditivo-visual na emergência de tatos em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Carneiro, Anne Caroline da Costa
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Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6394261833355301
Many studies have been developing procedures to teach verbal repertoires to children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a auditory visual discrimination training with and without echoic response requirement in the emergence of tacts in children with autism, and evaluate if the moment in which the response was required (e.g., after the auditory stimulus was presented meanwhile children attempted to the visual stimulus) could lead to the emergence of tact responses. 3 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study and were exposed to the following experimental conditions: 1) Pretest tact probe, with the purpose of evaluate the participant's entry repertoire and choose the target stimulus, 2) Auditory visual discrimination training with echoic response requirement to one set of stimulus in which the participant was required to emit the echoic response after the auditory stimulus was presented meanwhile children attempted to the visual stimulus, 3) Auditory visual discrimination training without echoic response requirement to another set of stimulus, and, 4) posttest tact probe to evaluate the effects of echoic responses requirement in the emergence of tacts. An alterned treatment design was implemented allowing the evaluation inter and intra participants. The results demonstrates a high level of tact emergence for all participants suggesting that echoic responses requirement in an specific moment in which it is emitted could play an important role in the emergence of tacts in as auditory visual discrimination training procedure.
Biorrefinaria aplicada à cadeia de soja: um estudo de caso de extração verde e sustentável de isoflavonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-29)
Stahl, Aylon Matheus
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
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Zuin, Vânia Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
SOY BIOREFINERY: GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE EXTRACTION OF ISOFLAVONES. Brazil has the potential to be the world's largest producer of soybeans (Glycine max), being, in 2020, responsible for the production of 124 Mt of oilseeds. However, about 70% of the mass produced ends up being transformed into waste during the countless processing steps to generate oil, bran and grains. These agro-industrial residues have high added-value substances that can be extracted and reintegrated into the production chain using green techniques. Considering new practices aligned with sustainable development to face global challenges, such as the circular economy and the use of green and sustainable chemical processes, the concept of biorefinery presents itself as an economically viable way to achieve such objectives. This concept seeks creative processes for the extraction and transformation of this residual material that are sustainable in their core. Therefore, the investigation of by-products from soy processing is the first step to reinsert them in the production chain through the concepts of biorefinery and green and sustainable chemistry, establishing initial steps towards a non-linear economy. Thus, the extraction of two bioactive compounds from soy agro-industrial residues, the isoflavones of commercial interest daidzein and genistein, was investigated. For the extraction of these substances, two industrially scalable techniques were used: Extraction Assisted by High-Speed Homogenizer and Extraction Assisted by Ultrasound. For the optimization of procedures, the following chemometric treatments were performed: Full Factorial Design and Fractional Factorial Design, for the selection of the most relevant variables for higher extraction yields, and the Central Composite Design, for the creation of mathematical models capable of describing the best parameters for extraction. In order to make the procedure more sustainable, the extractions were performed only with mixtures of water and ethanol as the extraction solvent and, also, a chromatographic method was developed for quantification in an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatograph coupled to a diode array detector in the ultraviolet-visible range. In order to analyze the efficiency of resources use of the experiments, the metric "sustainable factors" was employed, considering sample mass, solvent volume, energy and time. The chromatographic method developed proved to be selective, linear and with adequate limits of detection and quantification for the extracts obtained. Among the variables studied, the sample-to-solvent ratio and the composition of the extraction solvent are the most significant for both techniques. The highest extraction yield obtained (in mg g-1) for extraction using homogenizer was 0.11 for daidzein and 0.071 for genistein; and for extraction using the ultrasonic bath it was 0.14 for daidzein and 0.082 for genistein. When analyzing the results, some experiments with slightly lower extraction yields showed greater efficiency in the use of resources considering the mass of the extracted analytes. In general, it was shown that it is possible to adopt agro-industrial residues as sources of commercially important molecules. These compounds extraction from processing residues can be carried out in an efficient and sustainable manner.
Catalisadores NiMo/γ-Al2O3 aditivados com Nb - Atividade para a hidrodessulfurização de tiofeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Valdés-de-Freitas, Carlos Eduardo
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0469034531788570
The burning of fuels in the industry or in vehicle engines is a direct agent in the generation of the atmospheric pollution through the emission of contaminating gases such as NOx and SOx. To minimize this impact, environmental regulations have become increasingly stricter. Thus, the production of clean fuels became of fundamental importance, which has been deeply addressed by the environmental catalysis. Among the most used processes, the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of hydrocarbons stands out a method in which the sulfur of compounds such as thiophenes, benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, is reduced to H2S. The most used catalysts to this process have as active phase molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W) sulfides, promoted by cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni). The commercial used support is γ-alumina, synthesized by sol-gel, which has a uniform particle size and high specific area. However, with the aim to increase the activity and stability of these catalysts, additives can be added, being niobium one of them, which has shown promising results. In this work, catalysts based on Ni and Mo sulfides were prepared, adding Nb as additive. The precursors were supported via impregnation on γ-alumina prepared by the sol-gel method or via one-pot during the synthesis of that support, with or without the presence of the surfactant CTAB. The metals were incorporated with nominal contents of 4 wt.% of NiO, 18 wt.% of MoO3 and 0.7 wt.% of Nb2O5. The catalysts in their oxide form were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray diffraction (including low angle diffraction), nitrogen physisorption, visible ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS-UVvis) and evaluated at 300ºC in the HDS of thiophene, used as a model molecule. γ-Alumina showed high surface area and pore volume, and that synthesized in the presence of CTAB resulted in a more homogeneous mesopores distribution. XRD data showed an efficient dispersion of the active species on the support, which was confirmed by DRS-UVvis. The HDS of thiophene on the studied catalysts confirmed the promoting effect of Ni on the Mo activity and a promising impact of Nb as an additive, which increased the activity of the NiMo catalyst.
Exposição da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) ao triclorfon e a hipercarbia, isolados ou associados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Cardoso, Israel Luz
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Sampaio, Fernanda Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1419888510506769
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Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
Trichlorfon (TCF) is widely used in Brazil and worldwide aquaculture as a compound to control ectoparasites in fish. However, TCF is a pesticide with moderate toxicity in vertebrates and, therefore, its application can be an intensifier of damage on the physiological and biochemical responses in fish already facing problems in environmental quality such as the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, in this study, an investigation approach was adopted considering the effects of TCF on the health of fish isolated or associated with high [CO2] in the water. Two experiments were developed to investigate such effects: Experiment 1: Nile tilapia exposure to TCF for 96 h was investigated. In this study, we registered behavioral, metabolic and hormonal changes that modified the response patterns of the immune and enzymatic defense systems in the muscle and liver tissues. There was an increase in plasma cortisol and glucose combined with a reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and liver tissue after 96 h of exposure to TCF, indicating chemical stress. In response to this harmful situation, we observed changes in the immune system that lead to an increase in the number of leukocytes, thrombocytes, monocyte respiratory activity, lysozyme and leukocytes. In addition, we associate the increased activity of GST in liver tissue as a strategy used by fish to combat the effects of TCF. Therefore, we conclude that the TCF affects the physiological parameters of Nile tilapia, which can generate irreversible effects of recovery of the clinical condition. In experiment 2: Nile tilapia exposure to TCF alone or associated with discharge [CO2] for 48 h was investigated. In this study, we found that the association of experimental conditions intensified the damage to the blood tissue of fish. The reduction in the number of RBC and Ht (%) reveals a deficiency in the transport of O2, offset by the increase in Hb. The reduction in leukocytes and thrombotics indicates less immunological resistance to fight pathogenic diseases or less capacity to recover after damage to the blood tissues. The increase in lysozyme suggests an increase in the action of the nonspecific immune system to fight primary infections in fish. The study also showed that TCF affects the neuromotor cholinergic system of fish by inhibiting acetylcholine (AChE). The antioxidant defense system assessed by the lipoperoxidation marker (LPO) and activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in fish were also altered by the action of TCF alone or associated with discharge [CO2]. The increase in OLP suggests that TCF and high [CO2] in water are pro-oxidant factors and, therefore, the positive regulation of CAT and GST activity was to maintain LPO concentrations at levels that are not harmful to liver tissue. Therefore, our study highlights the need to search for new compounds that could replace TCF, having no or few adverse effects on fish species. In addition, considering that high levels of CO2 occur in intensive production, mainly in a water recirculation system, we recommend that the levels of dissolved CO2 should be monitored regularly in the cultivation tanks.
Capacidades motoras e participação em casa de lactentes de risco biológico no primeiro ano de vida: impacto de fatores ambientais considerando a pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Abreu, Raissa Wanderley Ferraz de
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Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0595803592033851
According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), functionality results from the positive interaction between the components of body structure and function, activity and participation, under the influence of environmental factors. In this context, the importance of biopsychosocial assessment in biological risk infants is highlighted, since activities and participation can be impacted by adversities at birth, possible predictors of disability, as well as by environmental barriers. Among the various environmental factors (social, physical and attitudinal) the current scenario of the pandemic is emphasized, with Social Distancing (SD) as likely for the development of infants, especially those with biological vulnerability. In view of this, there was a motivation to prepare a systematic review, in order to verify which facilitators and barriers related to the home environment are capable of impacting motor resources and the participation of biological risk infants in the first year of life (Study I). This review analyzed that household environmental factors impacted motor resources in the first year of life, however, many factors were inconclusive or contradictory, and no studies were found that assessed their effects on participation at home. After completion of the review, gaps regarding the topic and the current pandemic scenario follow. Thus, Study II was designed with the objective of determining the impact of environmental factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the domains of motor resources and in the participation of biological risk infants in the home in the first year of life. Motor resources were assessed through the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and Infant Motor Profile (IMP) instruments, participation through the Participation and Environment Measure - Young Children (YC-PEM), and environmental factors through the instruments " Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Baby Scale" (AHEMD-IS), YC-PEM (general home environment), average monthly income assessed (ABEP) and by a questionnaire designed to verify the aspects of DS (COVID questionnaire) -19). The results showed that the home environment was a facilitator of motor skills, referring to greater maternal age, greater opportunity offered by the environment, associated with maternal education, higher family income, emotional and financial factors of SD and less need for physiotherapy interventions/guidance . However, for the outcome of involvement in participation, only maternal education and less need for physical therapy intervention/guidance were performance predictors. Thus, it is emphasized that environmental factors can have a peculiar impact on the functionality components, illustrating the need for a biopsychosocial assessment. Furthermore, this dissertation brings extremely relevant scientific, clinical and social contributions, since it will favor the optimization of evidence-based practice, in directing appropriate guidelines to families. This can help health professionals to implement strategies, through remote assessments and guidance that favor motor skills and the infant's participation in the home environment. In addition, early identification of the impact of environmental factors on the functionality of infants at biological risk will provide adequate and brief referral to biopsychosocial intervention.
ACV Comparativa entre Processos de Fresamento de Engrenagens Automotivas com Lubrificação Convencional e MQL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Soares, Luiz Arthur Paluch
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Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6850307175821218
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Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data are fundamental for the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of products and processes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of inventory data for manufacturing processes, which this research work intends to exploit by means of carrying out a comparative LCA between automotive gear hobbing processes assisted by conventional and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Prior to the LCA, bibliographic and bibliometric researches resulted in the identification of 12 methodologies for LCI of manufacturing processes, notably the methodology Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory (UPLCI). Such methodology was employed to conduct one case study for collecting LCI data on automotive gear hobbing process. The LCI results showed that, 76,5% of the energy consumed over the hobbing cycle of one gear, took place under the machine-tool state “Processing”, and the remaining consumed energy was associated to non-productive machine-tool states. The introduction of MQL reduced the cutting fluid consumption by 98,4%. Afterwards, a LCA was carried out for 4 gear hobbing operation scenarios, ranging the consumption parameters of cutting fluid and electric energy. The results of the LCIA pointed out four among eleven normalized environmental impact categories totalized more than 80% of the accumulated impacts: fossil depletion (43%), climate changes (19%), terrestrial acidification (11%) and freshwater consumption (8%). The identified hotspot in the case study was the input flow of raw material for the system “Hobbing Machine”, which is linked to more than 75% of the total amount of normalized potential environmental impacts. Once, any change on the raw material input flow depends on the automotive gear design, the sensitivity analysis was aimed at the environmental aspects of energy and cutting fluid consumption, whose setup depended directly on the parameters of the hobbing process. The introduction of MQL provided reduction of 70.77% on the total amount of normalized potential environmental impacts, while the strategies to reduce electric energy consumption by the machine tool accounted only for 3.74%. This research contributed to setting up new LCI of machining processes, and, revealed by means of a LCA of automotive gear hobbing process, the contribution of raw material, electric energy and lubricant flows to the generation of potential environmental impacts.
Efeitos das avaliações externas na administração escolar: controle e emancipação da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Carvalho, Lilian Silva de
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Nascente, Renata Maria Moschen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742955383665134
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9952056227830101
The theme of this dissertation refers to external evaluations, its object was the effects of these evaluations on school administration. The general objective was to analyze the effects of external evaluations on the administration of Brazilian public schools from 2000 to 2019, based on articles published by The Brazilian Journal of Education Policy and Administration - RBPAE. The specific objectives were to configure these effects and to understand their main directions about managerial and/or emancipatory aspects. The investigation was developed within the scope of the Study and Research Group on School Organization: Democracy, Human Rights and Manager Training – DEFORGES. It was a qualitative and documentary investigation, having content analysis as a methodology. The choice for articles published by RBPAE was because school educational administration and educational policies make up, for the most part, its scope. The investigated problem was: How are the effects of external evaluations configured in the administration of Brazilian public schools? The hypothesis was that external evaluations, the result of neoliberal educational policies, have as one of their functions to control and regulate school life, in favor of the implementation of official curricula and the success of schools in terms of performance indicators. Through the analysis carried out, the effects of external evaluations on the administration of public schools were grouped into the following thematic axes: accountability; curriculum adequacy; student learning; possibilities for emancipation; quality of education and teacher regulation. The results allow us to affirm that external evaluations can contribute to the improvement of school administration in an emancipatory perspective. They can lead school teams to rethink their practices, for example, adhering to innovative actions for genuine school inclusion; adapting official curricula according to the specific needs and demands of certain schools, groups and/or students; composing a concept of social quality of education for each school, considering internal and external indicators; seeking equity in the provision and distribution of socially referenced quality education; and, investing in training in and for each school. These courses of action indicate that school administration can be built through the communicative rationality that structures education towards social justice.
Condições para ocorrência da seca dos ponteiros laterais em clone de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Coutinho, Marcos Pellegrini
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Zauza, Edival Ângelo Valverde
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7064703296745736
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Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376
The Dried out of Side Tips (DST) in Eucalyptus (Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti Cheew., M.J. Wingf. & Crous) is a disease that affects the productivity of forest plantations in Brazil. Due to little knowledge about the epidemic, the study deepens, in two chapters, the understanding of the disease in relation to the environmental conditions of the affected areas. In the first article, it was evaluated, for the period of three and a half years, as conditions of humidity, temperature and exclusion, as well as the severity of the disease, in such a way as to age and periods with greater intensity of DST. The experiment was performed in areas undergoing disease outbreaks, where the clone of E. grandis x E. urophylla had been planted, with 3 x 2-meter spacing. The experimental outline had 12 treatments, regarding the eucalyptus resprouting ages, which allowed analyzing the occurrence of DST for different ages and times of the year. The severity of the disease was calculated as from the weighted mean and the monthly in-field assessments, varying from zero to three (minimum and maximum disease infection). The values of severity were used for calculating the disease growth rate. The meteorological data were organized into graphs and the monthly rainfall values compared by the Mann-Kendall (statistical) test. The test showed there was a significant upward trend of rainfall from the first to the second year and from the latter to the third year. The curve of the progress of the disease also shows the difference among the years assessed, besides showing that the disease manifests with greater severity from the third to the sixth month of age, June-October being the months with the greatest incidence of DST. Therefore, the recommendation is to test planting clones susceptible to the disease in October and/or November as a strategy for obtaining plants with a smaller incidence of DST, since larger-sized plants would be able to bear the pathogen in the critical months. In the second article, this study aimed to evaluate the severity of the disease and the environmental conditions that affect it. Thus, from the environmental data of four weather stations, the following conditions were verified concomitantly: relative humidity above 85%, maximum temperature below 28ºC, rainfall in the range of 1-10 mm and leaf wetting time at 24 h, indicating favorable times (June to October), unfavorable (January to March), and transitory (April, November and December) to the disease. In humid months and when the temperature is not limiting, the occurrence of one or more days with all the variables favorable to the pathogen intensifies the disease. The temperature above 28º C, from October, is one of the reasons that makes the severity of the disease reduce in November and return in June. The map generated based on the severity and environmental conditions reveals greater disease risk in the following areas: Barcelona and Taquari, BA and smaller in Pedro Canário, ES.
Formação de classes de equivalência de estímulos em idosos: revisão sistemática e desenvolvimento de um teste cognitivo digital breve
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Nery, Andreza Gomes Spiller
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Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7060083823888759
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7068218427347018
There is a rapid and significant increase in relation to population aging associated with the high prevalence of chronic diseases, including dementia. In this sense, it is important that brief screening instruments are available to assess the cognitive decline of the elderly. In addition to traditional tests, performed with paper and pen, digital tests can currently be used, which would increase the availability and scope of tests to assess the cognitive functioning of the elderly. In this context, this dissertation proposes a brief digital cognitive test based on a task of training equivalence classes in the elderly and reviews the published studies on the formation of equivalence classes in the elderly. Objective: Two studies have been conducted with the following objectives: 1) conduct a systematic review of studies that evaluated the formation of stimulus equivalence classes in the elderly; 2) propose a brief digital cognitive test based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm. Methods: For the first study, a search was conducted with the following keywords: (equivalence class formation OR stimulus equivalence OR equivalence classes) AND (elderly OR older adults). The databases used were Pubmed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. In total, 457 articles were found. After the exclusion of the articles according to the exclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected for the present review. In the second study, 50 elderly people were evaluated, who were later divided into groups with and without cognitive decline. The elderly were evaluated using the Digital Test, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Cognitive Battery (BCB) and Five Digits Test (FDT). Results: Based on the systematic review, the results found indicate that the procedures based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm enable the learning of the elderly. Also can be verified the importance of some elements in the formation of classes, such as: types of stimuli and arrangements used, class size, presence of pre-training, type of training and feedback and consequences provided to the participant. Regarding the second study, the results indicate that the majority of correlations between the variables of the brief digital cognitive test and the scores of traditional cognitive tests were statistically significant. In addition, there were significant differences between the scores of elderly with and without cognitive decline. Conclusions: The paradigm of stimulus equivalence enables the learning of the elderly. In addition, the characteristics of the procedures may influence the emergence of equivalence classes. The brief digital cognitive test based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm can be a valid instrument for cognition assessment in the elderly.
Desenvolvimento e implementação de modelos de cálculo para análise térmica microclimática em ambiente SIG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Favretto, Ana Paula Oliveira
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Rodrigues, Daniel Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7362766032099097
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Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
The urbanization impact over the microclimate highlights the importance of using climatological criteria to guide urban planning. The advent and development of Geographic Information System (GIS) plays an important role in climate guided urban planning breakthroughs, as it allows data layering and predictive analyses. A calculation model to automate the Frontal Area Index (FAI) and Thermal Potential Index (TPI) mapping, and the prediction of wind and cooling routes based on Least Cost Path analyses over the generated maps is developed and implemented in this research. The calculation model is implemented as a group of Python Script Tools embedded in ESRI© ArcGIS Pro 2.7.0. For that we used the ArcPy Python Library, which allows to access ArcGIS geoprocessing functions. A detailed description of the calculation model is presented and can be used to implement tools in other GIS platforms. The generated Script Tools are easy to use and its results allow the urban morphology assessment and also the study of its influence over wind route patterns. In this way, this research contributes both to advance of the Urban Climatology scientific field and to guide urban planner’s practical decision making.
Mães e bebês em cárcere e a repercussão sobre o desenvolvimento da díade: um estudo de revisão integrativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Beteta, Emilly Gissel Alonso
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Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0714190960951965
La prisión trae consigo una serie de consecuencias no sólo para el desarrollo de las presas, especialmente en el caso de las madres, sino también para el desarrollo de sus hijos, que son las víctimas invisibles del sistema de justicia penal. La presente investigación se desarrolló a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura que tenía por objeto comprender el contexto penitenciario y sus implicaciones en relación con las madres y sus bebés en situación de encarcelamiento. Se accedió a las siguientes fuentes de datos Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), U. S. National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health (PubMed), Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo) y American Psychological Association (PsycINFO), en el periodo de julio a octubre de 2019. Como resultado de la búsqueda, se seleccionaron 20 artículos que se ajustaban al tema y a los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron estudiados a través del análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática y se esquematizan en tres categorías: 1. Implicaciones de la cárcel en la maternidad se refiere a la maternidad como un signo de esperanza y fuerza para sobrevivir a la rutina carcelaria, 2. Creciendo y viviendo en la cárcel o fuera de ella presenta las condiciones en las que vive el niño, que pueden repercutir en su equilibrio emocional, en su desarrollo físico y en sus habilidades, así como en el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, y 3. Violación de los derechos humanos de la madre y el niño que muestra los centros penitenciarios como "almacenes" humanos donde se profundiza la violación de los derechos humanos de las madres y los niños. Los resultados indican que la experiencia de la madre y el bebé en el entorno penitenciario está impregnada de sufrimiento y limitaciones que afectan al desarrollo de esta díada en varios aspectos. Este estudio puede contribuir a la producción de conocimiento sobre la asistencia ofrecida a las madres y a sus hijos en el contexto del encarcelamiento, para permitir un mejor desarrollo de sus roles.
Efeito de um programa de exercício físico em ambiente domiciliar no espaço de vida de idosos com Alzheimer: ensaio clínico cego controlado e randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Barreiros, Bruna Anzolin
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Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3615562805887578
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a slow and progressive evolution, with a degenerative and disabling character. The decline in mobility is one of the factors that stands out in the course of the disease. Regular physical exercise has been shown to be an important component in the treatment of older adults with AD. However, the effect of exercise on life space mobility (LSM) in this population has not yet been explored. Objective: to evaluate the effect of the physical exercise program in the home environment on life space mobility of older adults with AD; to evaluate the effects of the physical exercise program in the home environment on physical capacity, functionality, functional capacity and the level of physical activity. Methods: Controlled, randomized, blinded clinical trial conducted with older adults (≥ 65 years old) diagnosed with mild and moderate AD, divided into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). The following evaluations were applied: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam (ACE-R), Life Space Assessment (LSA), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), Modified Baecke Questionnaire for the Older people (MBQOP), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG); Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); Activities of Daily Living Questonnaire (ADLQ), Environmental Assessment Guide and Environmental Perception Scale for Physical Activity (EPSPA). A physical exercise program was carried out in the home environment, developed to assist elderly people with AD, three times a week for 16 weeks. The CG was instructed to maintain health care and usual activities. Results: The home-based exercise program was not enough to contain the reduction in the life space mobility of older adults with AD, when considering the level of displacement, frequency, and need for assistance. However, when analyzing the need for assistance, it is noteworthy that for the maintenance of mobility in the neighborhood, the CG needed doubled the personal assistance after 16 weeks (21% to 42%), which did not occur in the group that received intervention. The exercise program did not alter physical capacity, functionality, or the level of physical activity. Conclusion: the home-based exercise program did not change the mobility of the life space mobility of older adults with mild and moderate AD.
Ativação neuronal de circuitos funcionais do cerebelo em funções motoras e não motoras de camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Prati, José Mário
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Russo, Thiago Luiz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791
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Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690
The cerebellum is a brain structure involved in the control of balance, movement and the acquisition of motor skills. With scientific and technological advances, studies have shown that the cerebellum also participates in non-motor functions, such as emotional control, memory and language. However, it is not yet known which cerebellar areas and which circuits are predominantly activated in different functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the neuronal activation of cerebellar areas and other brain structures (hippocampus, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex) after exposure to the behavioral models of RotaRod and the Inhibitory Avoidance model, and to develop possible neuronal circuits for the possible functions motor and non-motor. For that, naive, male Swiss Albino mice, weighing between 25 and 35g, were used. For the behavioral evaluation, the animals were obtained under three conditions: home cage/control; Inhibitory Avoidance, emotional memory model; and Rota Rod that assesses motor performance and motor learning. In condition 1, animals remained in the home-cage; in condition 2 they were exposed to the Inhibitory Avoidance protocol for 2 days; and in condition 3 to RotaRod for 3 days. After the last exposure to the apparatus, the animals were euthanized, and then perfused with Paraformoldehyde and its brain extracted and sectioned for immunofluorescence analysis of c-Fos protein from the structures. Images of the brain structures were captured and their neuronal activation was analyzed microscopically. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance was used, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. There was no significant difference in the expression of c-Fos in lobe VI of the cerebellum between the different conditions. In contrast, there was a difference in the expression of c-Fos in the basolateral amygdala, infra-limbic cortex and pre-limbic cortex, which are brain structures relevant to emotional processes, in the exposure of animals to the assessment apparatus. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient test demonstrated a positive correlation between the variables of the structures related to emotional processes. We concluded that there was no significant difference in the expression of c-Fos in lobe VI of the cerebellum in the exposure of animals to the evaluation apparatus. In contrast, there was a difference in the expression of c-Fos in the other brain structures relevant to emotional processes in the exposure of animals to the assessment apparatus.
Avaliação da atividade antitumoral in vitro e in vivo de novos complexos de rutênio contendo ácido salicílico e derivados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-04-30)
Popolin, Cecília Patricia
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5598104335028847
Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide uncontrolled, spread, and invade other tissues through the blood and lymphatic systems. Breast cancer is one of the most common and with higher mortality among women. Its heterogeneity represents a critical challenge in the clinic, as it requires specific treatment for each subtype of the disease. The treatments used for breast cancer have a high resistance rate and low selectivity for tumor cells, causing several side effects. The development of antitumor metal-based compounds started with the discovery of antitumor activity of cisplatin and is currently among the most widely used antitumor drugs in the clinic to treat various types of tumors, such as ovary, breast, head, and neck. Ruthenium complexes have attracted significant attention because they have unique properties that can justify their antitumor potential, such as mimicking the iron for binding several biomolecules, including transferrin and albumin, making it more specific to tumor cells. This work aimed to select among different complexes a new ruthenium complex, which would be the candidate for antitumor drug, and evaluate the effects of the selected complex through in vitro studies on breast cells and in vivo through the spontaneous metastases of syngenic an orthotopic model. The results demonstrated that the complex Ru(Amsal) was the most selective against breast tumor cells MDA-MB-231 among the six complexes tested. Morphological studies showed that the Ru(Amsal) complex promoted more significant changes in the morphology of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 compared to other cell lines tested and, besides, the complex was able to act in the colony formation process, reducing the number and size of the colonies. In the metastatic cascade assays, the complex Ru(Amsal) inhibited migration, invasion, and take and altered the organization of the cytoskeleton of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. The complex also induced cell death by apoptosis, DNA damage, nuclear fragmentation, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. Furthermore, it changed the cell cycle of breast tumor cells MDA-MB-231, increasing the percentage of these cells in the sub-G1 phase. An analysis of the effect of the complex Ru(Amsal) synthesized on a microemulsion (Ru(Amsal)ME) in vivo in a spontaneous metastases syngenic and orthotopic model demonstrated that this complex was able to inhibit pulmonary and bone metastases. Also, there were no signs of acute toxicity in animals treated with the complex. Therefore, the results indicate that the complex Ru(Amsal) has promising properties and might be a good alternative drug for breast cancer treatment.
Noninvasive ventilation acutely improves endothelial function in exacerbated COPD patients
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-05-01)
Heubel, Alessandro Domingues
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Kabbach, Erika Zavaglia
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Schafauser, Nathany Souza
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Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
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Silva, Audrey Borghi