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Efeito da interação de Trissolcus basalis e Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) na efetividade do controle biológico de Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-07) Bon, Victor José; Montoya, Carolina Reigada; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5171685489598372; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3324086712238687
Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis are two important parasitoids used as biological control agents for the brown soybug, Euschistus heros. The interaction between these parasitoid species at the field, however, can result in different effectiveness of pest control, depending on the density of the species present and the conditions in which the species find their hosts at the field. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the complexity of interactions that can arise when two parasitoid species interact directly or indirectly during the foraging by E. heros eggs. Through experimental scenarios, the effects of intra and interspecific competition were evaluated in two moments: (i) during simultaneous exploration of parasitoids, that is, when female parasitoids compete directly for non-parasitized eggs and (ii) during sequential exploration of parasitoids, when femeles have found some already parasitized eggs among the available host´s eggs, resulting in offspring competition inside of host egg. In this scenario, female´s behavior was observed for 35minutes, allowing to evaluate the frequency of ovipositions in parasitized eggs. The effects of different type and time of competition interactions between parasitoides on the parasitism rates, viability and emergence patterns of the offspring were evaluated. For simultaneous exploration of parasitoids, the best scenario for control with high rates of emergence rates occurred when T. podisi was the only parasitoid species present in the system. In the presence of T. basalis, the rates of parasitism remained high only when T. podisi was also present, although the emergence rates has been considerably reduced due to multiparasitism. In sequential exploration of parasitoids, T. podisi showed higher rates of parasitism and emergence of offspring due to the greater ability to discriminate eggs previously parasitized by conspecifics. In this scenario, the offspring of the previous parasitism were more successful, however, the competitive interactions inside of eggs led to changes in the patterns of the emergence of the species, as well as the high mortality of the offspring. The type of competition present in parasitoid populations and the time in which it occurs (simultaneous or sequentially) can have direct impact on the effectiveness of short and long-term pest control.
Recursos terapêuticos utilizados por fisioterapeutas brasileiros no alívio da dor do trabalho de parto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-07) Gonçalves, Alessandra de Campos; Beleza, Ana Carolina Sartorato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4139635204538357; Liebano, Richard Eloin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397951221512127; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379500380442928
The parturition process is defined as an approach to labor and birth that maximizes the inherent strength and physiology of the woman and fetus, refraining from interventions unless the well-being or safety of both is at risk. There is recognition that pain in labor needs to be relieved, as it can negatively impact both the mother and the fetus. To alleviate pain during the parturition process, pharmacological and non-pharmacological resources are available. We sought to identify the therapies and non-pharmacological resources used by Brazilian physiotherapists to relieve the pain of women in the parturition process. This is a cross-sectional study, using an online questionnaire. Data on the characteristics of study participants and information on the choice of using interventions for pain relief in parturients were collected through an online questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed using frequency values (absolute and relative). An association test was also performed between sociodemographic variables and therapies and non-pharmacological resources used for pain relief during the parturition process. One hundred and fourteen physiotherapists working in the field of Obstetrics participated in the study. Among the therapies and resources covered in the questionnaire, it is interesting to note that device-assisted kinesiotherapy was selected by all participants. In addition, we also observed that specialists in Physiotherapy in Women's Health through the CERTAME (COFITO/ABRAFISM) recommend aromatherapy less than professionals without this title (p = 0.008). Brazilian physiotherapists choose to use non-pharmacological therapies and resources for pain relief during labor and delivery that are within the scope of the physiotherapist's practice Kinesiotherapy with the aid of devices is the most used by physical therapists to relieve pain during the parturition process.