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A abordagem da interdisciplinaridade nos livros didáticos de ciências do PNLD 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Gama, Eydher Floriano Pereira Eleutério; Julio, Josimeire Meneses; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8805879632103815; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7479069837679495
The term interdisciplinarity is used in several contexts in our society, among these contexts, we have the area of education and teaching materials. In the educational context, we find the approach of interdisciplinarity in an epistemological, methodological or educational conception. In this work, we seek to identify and discuss the interdisciplinary concepts of the five textbook collections, indicated by PNLD 2020, in the discipline of natural sciences, elementary school – final years. They present in their material, trying to answer the question: "How do natural science textbooks approach interdisciplinary work and what concept of interdisciplinarity is adopted? We use as a methodology, the documental qualitative analysis, because the textbooks deal with written materials, they can be characterized as documents. We analyzed the teacher's manual in the book, the activities identified as interdisciplinary and the guidelines given to teachers for carrying out the activities. The results showed that although we have interdisciplinarity with epistemological, methodological or teacher training approaches, in the collections we find only the focus of the methodological design on interdisciplinary activities, in addition to the existence of some activities presented as interdisciplinary, but which actually have characteristics of activities multidisciplinary.
A presença/ausência negra em escolas da região de Sorocaba e o impacto na formação da identidade das crianças do ensino fundamental anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Bueno, Gabrielle Christina Bento; Santos, Ademir Barros dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373503250743446; Martins, Marcos Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3567539540530575
This course conclusion work (TCC) presents data that lead us to reflect on the historical and structural differences, which lead to the presence/absence of black people in different spaces, specifically addressed here within the school environment, in the early years of the elementary School. The following question was taken as a research problem, the results of which are presented here: what has been the impact that the black presence/absence in schools in the region of Sorocaba has had on the process of building the identity of children in elementary school in the initials? In the search for an answer to the research question, a bibliographic and documentary research was developed, with a qualitative bias. The objective was to get to know the scenario of these schools, particularly in relation to black presence/absence and how this has affected the construction of children's identity. Thus constituted, this TCC, at first, addresses the concept of identity and black identity. Afterwards, the presence of black people in Brazilian society is discussed, as well as in the city of Sorocaba, specifically dealing with this problem in public and private schools. At the end of the text, an analysis is presented on the construction of the identity of the black people based on the document Pedagogical Political Project, restricted to private and public schools in Sorocaba, with a cut made from schools that this researcher has already worked on.
Indicadores de acessibilidade para o planejamento do transporte público em cidades paulistas de médio porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Zacharias, Leandro Neves; Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245761274405860; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2214593474033636
Accessibility studies have gained relevance in urban planning as they relate land use with transport systems, especially transit. However, these studies focus on metropolitan regions and large cities due to government preferences and data availability. Even with the relevance of medium-sized cities in the urban network, there are knowledge gaps about accessibility in urban profile. The work aims to evaluate transit accessibility in medium-sized cities. The cities of Araraquara, Bauru, Catanduva, Limeira and São Carlos were chosen based on their population level and the transit data avaliability. Two accessibility indicators were used. The location-based accessibility indicators assessed the percentage of opportunities reached in a 30-minute transit trip. The infrastructure-based accessibility measured the percentage of opportunities close to boarding points. Both indicators revealed a pattern that accessibility in medium-sized cities reaches high values for a large part of the urban area. However, there are peripheric regions where accessibility is drastically lower, showing an inequality of access to opportunities. These inequalities are due to transit network organization and the opportunities concentration in central regions. Still, the effect of the territorial dimension and the lesser details of the data can interfere in the indicator results. The study established the need to assess accessibility in medium-sized cities, so that the continuity of the research is very important to consolidate the indicators well suited to the reality of this very important city profile in urban network.
Sobre a mimese na República de Platão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Santos, Mateus Lima dos; Souza, Eliane Christina de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5658382257368048; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4508782396510015
Platon projette une attaque sévère contre l'art d'imiter (μιμητική) dans le Livre X de La République, ce qui conduit à la suppression des imitateurs, de la cité théorisée dans l'œuvre, sous le prétexte d’ils produisent des images (εἴδωλα). Cependant, cette critique contredit une autre position qui est défendue dans le dialogue sur le thème, c’est-à-dire, que la μίμησις serait édifiante pour le caractère de l'imitateur. En réalité, il semble y avoir une difficulté pour déterminer la vraie nature de ce concept, une fois que non seulement les opinions sur ses effets sont divergents, mais aussi les processus considérés comme mimétiques ne se réduisent pas les uns aux autres. La dissertation ici présentée propose d’examiner le problème sous l’angle de la relation entretenue entre les deux définitions qui sont proposées pour le terme dans La République. Comprendre les spécificités des processus désignés sous le même signe, en plus des raisons qui conduisent Platon à les critiquer, peut être une possibilité pour défendre la permanence d’une μίμησις positive dans La République, telle que présentée dans le dialogue lui-même. De cette manière, il faut vérifier les limites de la critique qui est construite dans le Livre X.
As políticas sustentáveis desenvolvidas por diferentes empresas para a preservação da biodiversidade e dos polinizadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Astolfo, Tauane de Lima; Agostini, Kayna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0773858701769769
The importance of biodiversity only gained greater prominence when the process of loss of biological diversity raised awareness of the need for conservation and rational use of living resources, with protection of the flow of services from natural ecosystems. The preservation of biodiversity has economic reasons when it is thought that its degradation can harm existing activities, such as agriculture, for example, which could compromise its use in the future since many of the foods produced today for consumption and sale are dependent on pollination, the resulting ecosystem service of biodiversity. In this aspect, pollinators are extremely linked to ecological relationships in the environment and play very important roles in the conservation, maintenance and specialization of biodiversity. However, in recent years it has been found that pollinator populations are declining, threatened by anthropogenic changes caused in natural ecosystems, such as agriculture, an area that is on the rise. Therefore, the present study aimed to carry out a survey on the websites of companies that produce pesticides and food with little, modest, high and essential dependence on pollination to understand whether they have sustainable policies for the preservation and conservation of biodiversity and, consequently, pollinators. The results found were tabulated and analyzed graphically to verify the preservation of biodiversity and pollinators as an essential component for the maintenance of the environment. Thus, the information obtained in this study was of great relevance, since it was possible to observe that most companies are concerned, in some way, with the preservation of the environment. However, pollinators are not a concern on the agenda for many companies, whether they are producers of food or pesticides. Thus, this study provides further support for the continuation of work regarding the concern of companies that may cause direct or indirect impacts on the preservation of biodiversity and, consequently, on pollinators.
Ensino de língua espanhola para idosos: mapeamento de pesquisas realizadas no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Bianchi, Leticia Silva; Gregolin, Isadora Valencise; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7168352506573734
This investigation was characterized as an exploratory study, which seeks to map previous research on Spanish language teaching and learning contexts for the elderly people in Brazil, seeking to identify them, characterize them and understand their specificities. We assume that the teaching of foreign languages to the third Age has very unique characteristics, as it is a context in which learning needs are different from the contexts for which, in general, the curriculum and teaching materials of regular schools and of languages are thought (mainly work and tourism). One of our hypotheses was that the main motivation of the elderly people to learn the Spanish language, at this stage of life, is related to issues of hispanic ancestry. Furthermore, based on our theoretical and empirical framework, we infer that the own capabilities and intellectual and cognitive abilities of older people differ from those of young people and adults. In this sense, our second hypothesis was that Spanish teachers for the elderly need to constantly adapt the available materials and make use of strategies to "compensate" them for possible identified difficulties. Therefore, the general objectives of the research were to carry out a bibliographic review of research carried out in Brazil that investigated the teaching of Spanish language for the elderly people and to identify the characterization of the contexts regarding the learning needs presented by senior students, the didactic strategies and approaches mobilized by the responsible teachers, seeking to identify the specificities that permeate the teaching and learning process of the elderly in this context and that determine/generate input for the definition and construction of possible teaching approaches. As a result, our bibliographical research found a shortage of works focusing on the Spanish language, which highlights a gap in research and confirms the need for this type of study to understand, in a targeted way, the specific aspects of teaching and learning Spanish to the elderly people. In addition, it was possible to understand universal and specific aspects of the needs and the learning processes of older adults, demonstrating the indispensability of producing new studies in the area, aiming at the advancement and development of methodologies, materials and educational policies for senior people.
Estudo do modelo de Hubbard bidimensional não homogêneo via teoria do funcional da densidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Santos, Jeferson Joel Moraes Osmari dos; Campo Junior, Vivaldo Leiria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7150892281897003; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8917979892459654
We implemented the DFT calculation through the Kohn-Sham formalism adapted by the methodology μ-BALDA for the inhomogeneous two-dimensional Hubbard model, which is also implemented experimentally on an ultra-cold atom traps inside of an optical lattice. This was done using the approximation LDA based on an approximation for the energy per site of the two-dimensional Hubbard model. The main idea behind of the Kohn-Sham formalism to replace the Hubbard Hamiltonian, equivalent to a N interacting particle system, by a Hamiltonian of N non interacting particles which in our case is similar to the model of tight-binding plus an effective potential term, however both systems must have the same electronic density. This formalism leads to a self-consistent calculation, which was implement in this master degree.
Aplicação em fábrica de ensaios não destrutivos em lajes alveolares protendidas para a verificação da conformidade de projeto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-14) Bazilio, Luis Fernando Borzi; Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0331490449671089
To obtain the strength supported by hollow core slabs it is necessary to perform standardized destructive tests, and in these tests it is possible to verify the product's compliance with the design. ABNT NBR 14861 (2011) does not allow the performance of simplified tests in a manufacturing environment due to lack of studies in the area, while ABNT NBR 9062 (2017) allows experimental verifications as part of the design procedure. Based on the above, the purpose of this paper is to verify the compliance of hollow core slabs with the design, by performing non-destructive tests in a factory environment in order to avoid destructive testing and to reduce waste of material, time and cost in the production of prestressed hollow core slabs.