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Treino funcional de alcance e controle de tronco em lactentes pré-termo moderados a tardios: ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-27) Sato, Natália Tiemi da Silva; Cunha, Andrea Baraldi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8413239950848240; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8437359810199326
Introduction: Moderate to late preterm infants may present delays on the onset and development of those abilities due to possible complications of prematurity. Studies on specific abilities such as reaching and positioning experiences have shown a positive effect to optimize the reaching performance, head control and motor development in full-term and preterm infants. However, due to the relationship between manual abilities and trunk control, it is relevant to develop an intervention that emphasizes on the positioning experiences and reaching to enhance the motor development of infants at biological risk. Objective: to verify the feasibility and effect of early intervention programs on gross motor performance, trunk control and reaching performance in moderate to late preterm infants in reaching emergence. Methods: Preterm infants at the onset of reaching ability (Mean=4.36, SD=0.54 months) were randomized assigned into two groups: Functional Reaching and Trunk Control Training (experimental group-EG) and Positioning social training (control group-GC). Infants were assessed into 4 visits: 1) pre-test; 2) post-intervention 1; 3) post-intervention 2, and 4) follow-up. All assessments were performed by a blinded evaluator. The Functional Reaching and Trunk Control Training, consisting of functional activities was performed by a pediatric physical therapy and parents at home. The Positioning social training, consisting of only static positioning experiences, was performed only by parents. Parents used a daily log for both trainings (dose, frequency, duration and infant’s behavior), and responded to a parent feedback questionnaire. For the feasibility variables of early intervention programs, t-test for independent samples and the Chi-Square test were performed. For gross motor performance, the Mann-Whitney test was applied. For the segmental trunk control, the Chi-Square test was applied, and for trunk and reaching kinematics variables, the mixed linear model was used. Results: there were no differences of feasibility outcome measures for both intervention programs. Parents provide a positive feedback about both programs. At the follow-up, the EG presented higher total gross motor score than CG. Both groups improved on motor performance across time. There were no significant differences between groups in the segmental trunk control, trunk and reaching performance, but there were substantively important effects (clinically relevant). After training and at follow-up, EG infants presented higher trunk movement and smoother and faster reaching than CG. Conclusion: Both early intervention programs were considered feasible and both groups showed improvement on gross motor performance, trunk control and reaching performance across time. Substantively important effects were found, favoring Functional Reaching and Trunk Control Training, which can be an efficient early intervention strategy for clinicians.
Co-cristalização da curcumina com d-manitol: caracterização e aplicações sobre larvas do Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-27) Garbuio, Matheus; Inada, Natalia Mayumi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3595196074265255; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4970296342450124
The search for new compounds to eliminate Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae is a strategy used by several researchers. Brazil, for example, has been facing major problems due to the high number of cases of arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito. In order to reduce the speed of selection of populations resistant to chemical insecticides, photodynamic inactivation (IFD) in Ae. aegypti has been used as an alternative. Curcumin (CUR), a pigment extracted from the roots of Curcuma longa has been discovered as a potential photolarvicide. Despite advances in this area, CUR still has some limitations, such as its low stability, bioavailability and water solubility. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop formulations based on CUR and D-mannitol via co-crystallization, in order to obtain an improvement in their solubility and, consequently, enable their application in Ae. aegypti. The characterization of the formulations carried out: absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, solubility tests at pH 2, 7 and 11, the degradation test (of the most effective formulation) in fluorescent lamps (0.5 mW/cm²) 24h. For efficacy trials, the formulations were used at concentrations between 0.00625; 0.0125; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8 mg.L-1 with 18W white fluorescent lamps, 0.5 mW/cm2 irradiance and after 24h larvae mortality were recorded. The determination of the internalization and elimination time of the formulations in the digestive system of Ae. aegypti through optical microscope images. Acute toxicity tests and simulated field application (of the most effective formulation) were carried out. And the analysis of microbiota activity in artificial breeding waters and in the simulated field where the formulations were placed by counting the log of colony forming units. Among the formulations, formulation 1 had the best solubility, followed by 2, 3 and 4, however, in relation to photolarvicidal efficacy, formulation 3 had the best performance, with a LC50 value of 0. 01 mg.L-1, in addition, had the shortest internalization time and the longest elimination time, 30 minutes and 8 days, respectively. With its best results, formulation 3 was chosen as the most effective, in addition to presenting an environmental safety, as it does not present mortality in acute ecotoxicity tests and maintains its persistence in the field for 14 days in light and 6 days in the shade.