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Comparação do perfil de metabólitos secundários de cultivares de soja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-29) Arroyo, Victoria Patricia Pena; Wouters, Felipe Christoff; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4392349445398645; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9409311086029770
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crops in the world socioeconomic scenario, especially in Brazil. However, this crop is constantly attacked by different pests. Plant resistance against herbivores occurs partially through the production of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Wild soybeans and cultivated varieties exhibit different levels of resistance to agricultural pests, which may be a consequence of the variability in their secondary metabolite profiles. Thus, identifying these substances among different genotypes and understanding their role in the insect-plant interaction mechanisms is important for a more comprehensive and reliable characterization of soybean resistance. This work proposes to compare the profile of secondary metabolites between 4 cultivated soybean varieties resistant (PI 229358 and IAC 100) and susceptible (BRS 257 and IAC PL-1) to pests and a wild soybean variety (PI 407270). The chemical profile of young and old leaves in the V3 development stage was analyzed. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and different samples were extracted and analyzed by LC-MS. The analysis of the flavonoid profile in the 5 varieties allowed the identification of 18 isoflavone conjugates (daidzein, genistein and glycitein), some of which were present in greater abundance in old leaves. 39 flavonols were also detected, including kaempferol and quercetin conjugates; accumulated mostly in young leaves. Furthermore, it was shown that wild soybeans have higher levels of flavonoids in their younger leaves, in contrast to cultivated varieties. This information will allow us to understand the dynamics of flavonoids in the insect-plant interaction mechanisms and contribute to the creation of resistant varieties and new targets for the management of agricultural pests, contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture.
Influência da nióbia no óxido de alumínio eletrofundido para aplicações abrasivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-29) Passos, Edmilson Ricelli dos; Morelli, Márcio Raymundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9808778046507780
Abrasives are materials that have as main characteristics their cutting and grinding power. In its most common crystalline form, aluminum oxide, due to its high melting point, high hardness and mechanical resistance, is suitable for refractory and abrasive applications. With the increase in the consumption of abrasives and the market's need for more efficient grinding, polishing and cutting tools, this work aimed to verify the influence of niobium oxide on the physical chemical properties of electrofused aluminum oxide. Thus, the work addresses the electrofusion of calcined alumina with the addition of niobia, as well as a comparison of the mechanical properties of this material with emphasis on the abrasive characteristic, comparison with white fused aluminum oxide and brown fused aluminum oxide conventionally found in this market. The samples of the materials obtained were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence (DRX and FRX), wear test, instrumented nanohardness, real and bulk density, linear thermal expansion, refractoriness and microstructural characterization by Scan Electron Microscopy coupled to EDS. The results showed that the addition of niobia significantly influenced the increase in the abrasiveness of aluminum oxide, the wear test showed a removal of metallic material 6.6% higher than white fused aluminum oxide and 13.4% higher than brown fused aluminum oxide. Another important influence of the addition of Niobia in aluminum fused oxide was the increase in the thermal expansion coefficient and the reduction in refractoriness. While the white and brown aluminum oxides varied less than 1% of the initial length (at a temperature of 1250°C), the oxide with the addition of niobia presented a variation of 2.78% (at a temperature of 1174.8°C). Thus, it is proven in this work that niobia exerts a great influence on the physicochemical properties of fused aluminum oxides.
Ao internacional e além: as relações de poder-saber na constituição da identidade transnacional brasileira inscritas em livros didáticos de Português para estrangeiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-29) Cardoso, Jorcemara Matos; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3583449810396955
Over the decades, numerous events were inaugurated in the Brazilian diplomacy device (BDD). A whole semiotic was built on top of it, which started organizing how people see and talk about Brazil abroad and within the country itself. However, from the beginning of the 1990s onwards, the ideals of the New Republic designed in the 1988 Brazilian constitution started to go through the construction of policies and institutions that bring to the public debate problematic issues intensely debated by civil society movements. On the sidelines of official state discourses for centuries. This progressive turn has started to cross and foster, in many ways, the configuration of various objects, such as textbooks (TB). As part of the weaving of the Brazilian diplomacy device, the books carry not only the knowledge of promoting the teaching but the remnants of a network of practices (discursive and non-discursive) that activate trans-Brazilianity archives, to sustain, in a given historical period, the emergence of the Brazilian transnational identity (BTI). This research sought to study the relation of power and knowledge that inscribe the Brazilian transnational identity in the BDD, based on these networks of practices established in Portuguese textbooks for foreigners, produced and published by the Rede Brasil Cultural sectors and Brazilian Embassies. In order to verify both the identity manufactured in these textbooks and the mechanics and engineering, which in turn guarantee their conditions of existence. To shed light on those issues, we start from Discourse Analysis of frontiers, of historical and enunciative basis by invoking concepts such as the power-knowledge (FOUCAULT, 1984; 2005; 2008; [1981] 2018; DELEUZE, 1990; DELEUZE e GUATARRI, 1997; AGAMBEN, 2005; GREGOLIN, 2016), medium, scenes of enunciation (MAINGUENEAU 2004; 2006; 2008b; 2013; 2016; DEBRAY 1995, 1997, 2004), among other tools used during the analysis. In parallel, we held important dialogues with authors from different fields who forge their writings as resistance to certain configurations of (trans)national identity (FANON, 1968; GUATARRI e RONILK, 1996; BHABHA, 1998; HALL, 2005; BAUMAN, 2005; WALSH; 1994, 2019) and certain epistemic knowledge that supports, even today, a colonizing and segregating vision of (trans) Brazilianness (NASCIMENTO, 1978; GONÇALEZ and HASSENBELG, 1982; ORTIZ, 1986; 2013; SOUZA, 2000; 2009; 2017). The discussions and analyses show us the activation of language and culture as founding variables of transnational identity, however, promoted by a fragmented and disjointed foreign policy. Such fragmentation allows many speeches and different individuals to operate meanings in the textbook, allowing them to slide from a language book to an (inter)culture book, or even a symbol book of government (and not State) policies of government (and not State) policies dissemination and promotion of Brazil's image abroad. Concerning the activated imaginary that constitute the BTI and individuals transnationals, we noted three central points: the first one reinforces discourses hegemonic of a romanticized Brazil and racial paradise; the second one constitutes the ambivalence of activating a Brazil is progressive, plural, socially based, defender of the democratic rule of law and, at the same time, resignify mummified rags of the colonizing discourse (FANON, 1968); the third one, crossed by the first two, encourage reflection and engagement on the images of a Brazil of dialogue and conflict. This last one, permeated by a pedagogy of dialogue (GADOTTI; FREIRE; GUIMARÃES, 1994), criticizes the State through its official channels. Among other processes of regularities and ruptures, there is the distension of the senses of "foreigners" (called to belong to the nation) and the near invisibility of entire sectors of Brazilian society. Finally, we realized that, even in periods with high democratic values, in which the forging of voices peripheralized in State institutions, they provoke advances in the ways of making Brazil see and enunciate (inside and outside of its borders). The secular practices of segregation, exclusion, and genocide, operated by the discourses hegemonic, still cross, under different degrees, how the image of the (trans)national is constituted in the TBs – which often appears rooted in the vision of a white, masculine, hetero-normative, of a privileged class. This power mechanics prove to be even more dangerous when the democratic values lose space for the practice of a policy that sees in social bodies a frontier to say who is or not a citizen of the nation.
Abordagem baseada nas alterações do movimento escapular e investigação do medo relacionado à dor em indivíduos com dor no ombro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-29) Kamonseki, Danilo Harudy; Haik, Melina Nevoeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8240155487619947; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3862220756233320
Introduction: Shoulder pain is a common complaint with multifactorial characteristics that include biomechanical and psychosocial factors. Some interventions for shoulder pain are based on biomechanical changes commonly observed in those patients, such as changes in scapulothoracic muscles activation and scapular kinematics. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy of the biomechanics-based approach on scapular kinematics, scapulothoracic muscles activity, and clinical outcomes. The pain-related fear seems to play an important role in shoulder pain, but more information is needed to verify if it is a common condition for individuals with shoulder pain or if there are subgroups of individuals with distinct characteristics. Furthermore, the measurement properties of the Brazilian versions of two instruments that measure pain-related fear were not established in individuals with shoulder pain. This thesis is composed of four studies: Study 1: Objective: Systematically review the literature about the efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback for improving pain and function of individuals with shoulder pain. Methods: The databases Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were searched in December 2020. Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of biofeedback electromyographic in individuals with shoulder pain and assessed pain and function were included. The level of evidence was assessed according to GRADE. Results and conclusion: Five studies were included with a pooled sample of 272 individuals. The biofeedback electromyographic was not superior to the other treatments for improving pain and function. However, the limited number of studies and very low quality of evidence do not support a definitive recommendation on the efficacy of biofeedback electromyographic for treating individuals with shoulder pain. Study 2: Objective: To compare the effects of scapular movement training to standardized exercises in individuals with shoulder pain. Methods: This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four individuals with chronic shoulder pain were randomly allocated to scapular movement training or standardized exercises for 8 weeks (2x/week). The primary outcome measure was the three-dimensional scapular kinematics. The secondary outcome measures were muscle activity of upper, middle, and lower trapezius, and serratus anterior, pain intensity, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs, kinesiophobia, and self-perceived health status. The scapular kinematics and muscle activity were assessed at baseline and 8th week, and the self-reported outcomes were collected at baseline, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. Results and conclusion: The scapular movement training showed significantly decreased scapular internal rotation in all angles of arm elevation and lowering at sagittal and scapular planes (mean difference [MD]: 2,8 - 4,1°), and at 30o of arm elevation and lowering at frontal plane (MD: 3,4 e 2,4 °, respectively), increased upper trapezius activity during arm lowering at scapular plane (MD: 10,3%), decreased middle trapezius (MD: 60.44%) and serratus anterior (MD: 9.9%) activity during arm lowering at frontal plane and arm elevation at the scapular plane, respectively, compared to standardized exercises. Both groups significantly improved pain, disability, fear-avoidance, kinesiophobia, and self-perceived changes over 4 weeks, which was sustained the remaining assessments. The observed between-group differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activity may not be clinically important. Both groups presented similar improvement over time on pain, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs, kinesiophobia, and self-perceived change in health condition. Study 3: Objective: To identify and describe phenotypes related to kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance, and pain catastrophizing, and determine clinical and demographic characteristics related to each phenotype as a function of self-reported function of the upper limbs in individuals with shoulder pain. Methods: One hundred and seventy-seven individuals with shoulder pain participated in this study. Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), Numerical Pain of Rating Scale, and the angular onset of pain during the elevation of the arm were measured in all participants. A cluster analysis was performed considering kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance, and pain catastrophizing, then clinical and demographic characteristics of clusters were used to model individual’s chance to belong to one of the clusters as a function of DASH. Results and conclusion: Two clusters were identified based on kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance, and pain catastrophizing. The cluster with worse pain-related fear profile presented (p < 0.05) higher age, worse function and higher pain intensity. This same cluster was also associated with involvement of the dominant side and worse function. Study 4: Objective: To verify the measurement properties of Brazilian versions of Fear-avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK) in individuals with shoulder pain. Methods: Individuals with shoulder pain and older than 18 years were included in this study. Structural validity was verified by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, which were used to identify dimensionality and to compare different structures of the FABQ and TSK. Test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (3,1) and internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. Floor or ceiling effects were also investigated. Responsiveness was verified by effect sizes and area under ROC curve (AUC). Results and conclusion: Exploratory factor analysis identified three and two factors in the FABQ and TSK-11, respectively. All structures tested in this study did not fulfilled the criteria for adequate model fitting. FABQ and TSK-11 presented moderate to substantial reliability. One factor from FABQ and another from TSK-11 did not present adequate internal consistency. The floor effect was present in two factors from FABQ. The FABQ and TSK-11 showed small to large effect sizes and did not show adequate AUC. Therefore, FABQ and TSK-11 are multidimensional instruments, the internal structure was not clear and well-defined. The structural validity, reliability and responsiveness were found to be suboptimal in individuals with shoulder pain.
Análise clínica comparativa da terapia sinérgica de ultrassom e laser e terapias isoladas para tratamento da fibromialgia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-29) Bruno, Juliana da Silva Amaral; Aquino Junior, Antonio Eduardo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8720193315570177; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5789750884464058
Fibromyalgia is a diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome that affects mainly women. In Brazil, it is present in 2.5% of the population and, in addition to the generalized painful sensation, other disorders are associated with non-restorative sleep, fatigue, cognitive changes, anxiety and depression, among others. Today, there are no specific exams for diagnosis due to lack of knowledge of its etiology, treatments are guided by symptoms. Treatments can be pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological. However, physiotherapy is present in the area of health sciences to reduce painful and inflammatory episodes and to recover and maintain physical integrity. The use of equipment such as therapeutic ultrasound is the most used resource in physical therapy for inflammatory disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Another piece of equipment, which has been gaining attention in rehabilitation, is the low-intensity laser, which has multiple effects and indications in a punctual and even systemic way. In this sense, a researcher from the IFSC / USP joined together as two treatment techniques in a single equipment, offering patients a synergistic ultrasound and laser therapy. With the technological advance of the device and analyzing the study by Albrecht et al (2013), which identified the increase in nerve endings around blood vessels in the palms of the hands, specifically in the hypothenar region, it was what motivated us to start the study with fibromyalgia patients applying the treatment on the palms of the hands. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects on pain, quality of life and sleep quality, depression, anxiety and physical activity in these patients, separating the study into three treatment groups: Laser Group, Ultrasound Group and Ultrasound + Laser Group, being taken in the immediate pre- and post-treatment, and 30 days after the end of the treatment. The application was carried out with the prototype that allows the use only of laser or ultrasound, or combining the two techniques. The intervention protocol was carried out with 10 sessions in total, at a frequency of 3 times a week on alternate days, and the application time was 3 minutes in each palm, in all groups. The results exceeded expectations. The isolated therapy groups, laser and ultrasound, had similar results, less than 70%, in the immediate post-treatment, but the group that received synergistic therapy had a result of 92.32% in pain reduction. Quality of life in the synergistic therapy group optimized 72.37% and isolated therapies below 59%. Thus, the Ultrasound + Laser Group, 30 days after the end of treatment, showed 100% and 98.23% efficacy of the final results, in relation to pain and quality of life, respectively. It is concluded that the synergistic effect of ultrasound and laser on the palms of patients with fibromyalgia have satisfactory results corresponding to improvement in pain and quality of life in the immediate and medium-term post-treatment. Furthermore, these results directly influence the reduction of anxiety and depression, and consequently, improve the quality of sleep and the ability to perform physical activity.
Produção de meios filtrantes a partir de garrafas PET recicladas para aplicações em filtração de ar com alta eficiência de coleta de nanopartículas através da técnica de Electrospinning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-07-29) Bonfim, Daniela Patrícia Freire; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6489214115244937
Air pollution and solid pollution are considered global problems, and endanger human health mainly due to the improper disposal of solid wastes, as the post-consumer plastic botlles.. The filtration process using fibrous filter media is widely used to remove particulate matter from an air stream because they are simple to use, low cost and can achieve high collection efficiencies. The properties of plastics make them potential candidates for nanofiber mat formers due to their attractive structural and mechanical characteristics. Thus, this research aimed to develop filtering media from PET waste using the electrospinning technique, dispensing with the use of microporous membranes as a support to remove nanoparticles from the air. The electrospinning process was carried out by changing the concentration of the polymer solution, the needle diameter, the processing time, the feed rate and the collector rotation speed. The average diameter of micro and nanofibers of the filter media produced ranged from 4.88 to 0.6 µm and it was possible to conclude that the mechanical strength increased with the reduction of the fiber diameter. The filter media produced showed high mechanical strength (4.5 MPa), adequate permeability (6.3x10-8 m2) and high porosity (99%), reaching high collection efficiency (about 100% for particles from 7 to 300 nm) and low pressure drop for the removal of viable aerosol nanoparticles. Therefore, the developed electrospun membranes can be applied as indoor air filters, where extremely clean air is needed (e.g., hospitals, clean zones of pharmaceutical and food industry, aircraft, among others) and also for making protective fabrics and PPE's.