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Autoeficácia docente na inclusão de estudantes com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-18) Paganotti, Emille Gomes; Iaochite, Roberto Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3391637982920868; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7300652474967875
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) understands self-efficacy as a predictor of actions and behaviours adopted by people for a specific demand and context. Teaching activity is a specific occupation and is influenced by this construct. This research aimed to analyze the role of teaching self-efficacy in the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities (ID) from a formative action based on collaborative consulting. Three elementary school teachers participated. The research is collaborative, that is, it is a process of joint construction. This process involves the teaching practice to students with intellectual disabilities and theoretical knowledge and reflections mediated by the researcher. First, we performed ethical procedures and the preparation of fieldwork. After the proper approvals, the research began with the elaboration, application and evaluation of a collaborative consulting program for the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities. The instruments for data collection were: a questionnaire to characterize the participants and their actions for inclusion, a questionnaire to assess the Núcleo Comum, Escala de Eficácia Docente para Práticas Inclusivas de educandos com Deficiência Intelectual (EEDPI-DI), Protocolo de Observação de Situações Educacionais, Escala de Fontes de Autoeficácia Docente (EFAED) and a final evaluation questionnaire of the collaborative consulting program. The results showed that collaborative consulting proved to be an important strategy for promoting self-efficacy, especially during online teaching because of Covid-19 pandemia. There was an increase in self-efficacy perceived in all teachers who completed the collaborative consulting program. The sources of self-efficacy that were most evident in the teachers’ speeches were vicarious experience and social persuasion. The observation of models and study of contents about school inclusion were fundamental for building the perception of capacity and ability to include students with ID. The data also showed that feedback on the teaching work performed was an important element that can affect positively or negatively the actions achieved by the teachers. Based on the results found, this thesis discusses continuing teacher training for teachers whose goal is to include students with ID in regular classrooms. We also discussed the sources of self-efficacy present in the speeches of the teachers during their participation in the collaborative consulting program. This study has limitations, especially due to the small number of participants, whose data should not be generalized. Despite this situation, we believe that the relevance of this research is to produce knowledge about the role of self-efficacy of teachers to design strategies for the inclusion of students with ID in the studied city, considering the complexity and variability of situations and contexts where teaching is present. For future studies, we suggested the replication of the program developed here on a larger scale. In addition, the replication could be carried out with teachers from the final years of basic education. Moreover, this collaborative consulting program should be offered online, which may include professors from other Brazilian states.
Priorização otimizada de redes de transporte público por ônibus através de análise multicritério e algoritmo genético em Araraquara - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-18) Borchers, Tatiane; Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245761274405860; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5093971220777490
Prioritizing public transport modes allows reducing externalities caused by the intense use of individual motorized transport modes and increasing the social welfare of the population. Exclusive bus lanes are the simplest spatial prioritization model, allowing a reduction in travel times, an increase in the operational speed of buses, a reduction in fuel consumption and a decrease in pollutant emission levels. Large urban centres are the object of most studies and projects for implementing public transport prioritisation systems. However, medium-sized cities have the fastest growing population and in 2010 they already concentrated about a quarter of the Brazilian population. These cities have the unique opportunity to design public transport systems in time to avoid that the problems observed in large urban agglomerations reach them. This paper seeks to develop a decision-making model for the design problem of public transport network by bus, more precisely the determination of priority roads for implementing bus corridors or exclusive bus lanes. The scope of the work is medium-sized Brazilian cities, with the application of a case study in Araraquara, a medium-sized city in the interior of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The proposed model is composed of the combination of two methods, a multi-criteria analysis through AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Process, and an optimization method with solution through a genetic algorithm. The former simplifies the city’s road network, considering socioeconomic criteria, land use, infrastructure and operation of the existing public transport system; the latter provides a set of solutions for implementing exclusive lanes. Results show that roads selected through the AHP method correspond to traditional transport axes in the city and form a connected network, a desired characteristic of transport networks. Optimization results show a significant reduction in travel times, ranging from 9.45% or 21.88 minutes, in the smallest network resulting from the optimization (17.87km) to 23.61% or 54.66 minutes, if the most extensive network, composed of 44.64 kilometres of exclusive lanes, is considered. The combination of both methods for the decision-making process is one of the major contributions of this work, besides being one of the first applications of an optimization method with solution through genetic algorithm in a real network of a Brazilian city.
Fitas comestíveis de banana como veículos para probióticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-18) Niro, Carolina Madazio; Azeredo, Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8516223928904348; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4946495945164169
Considering the growing demand for products that simultaneously meet the requirements of healthiness, good sensory acceptance and convenience, snacks based on fruits or vegetables have been a strong market trend. Another trend is that of food containing probiotics. However, most probiotic foods available on the market are dairy products. With a large number of people with restrictions to the consumption of dairy products and even to animal-based products in general, there is a growing need to introduce non-dairy probiotic foods to the market. The objective of this project was to produce a probiotic banana leather. The fruit leathers were made from banana puree and a film forming matrix. Two matrices were compared – a digestible one (starch) and a non-digestible one (bacterial cellulose - BC), and two probiotic strains (one sporogenic and one non-sporogenic - Bacillus coagulans BC4 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-3, respectively), in addition to the presence of a plasticizer and prebiotic agent (yacon syrup). The different formulations were evaluated in terms of their physical properties and viability of the strains after oven drying at 50 °C, during storage at 25 °C and along the simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The leathers presented tensile strength values between 1 and 3 MPa, the ones with BC showing significant higher strengths (p < 0.05), and the presence of probiotics significantly decreasing the tensile strength values. The shear force was also affected by the matrix (being higher for the BC-based leathers) and by the presence of L. acidophilus (which significantly decreased the shear force values). After the dehydration process, the viability of B. coagulans was reduced in about 1 log cycle when compared to that of the film-forming dispersion, showing about 7.6 log cfu g-1, while L. acidophilus did not show enough viability for counting (< 3 log cfu g-1). The viability of B. coagulans remained constant up to 187 days of storage at 25 °C. During the simulated passage through gastrointestinal tract, B. coagulans BC4 resisted well to the pH and enzimatic conditions of the stomach and duodenum, BC- and starch-based leathers released, respectively, 7.45 ± 0.12 e 7.77 ± 0.33 log cfu g-1 in the small intestine (without significant differences between matrices). Therefore, banana leathers can be promising non-dairy foods as carriers of B. coagulans BC4, however, L. acidophilus LA-3 could not be considered a suitable strain for the proposed process. It is recommended that a sensory analysis be carried out in the future with the different formulations of banana leathers to understand how differences in the texture can influence the product acceptance.