Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2021-08-24"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5

Metamemória e Doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-24) Perches, Lucas Gonçalves; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4883101787527650
Alzheimer's Disease is a degenerative disease that mainly affects the cognitive function of memory and because many of the patients are unaware of their own difficulties, their ability to properly judge their mnemonic functions is considered. Metacognition is associated with understanding one's own cognitive functions, so that metamemory is the ability to know, monitor and control the mnemonic process. The objective of this work is to compare the metacognitive knowledge and monitoring, specifically in relation to metamemory, of elderly people with signs of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and elderly people without signs of cognitive decline. Participants were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 13 elderly people, aged between 62 and 75 years, with no indications of cognitive decline; the second group consisted of 5 elderly people diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease at a mild level, aged between 66 and 65 years. The NEUPSILIN memory subtests and the Metacognitive Judgments Register were used, which aims at the participant to indicate the knowledge about his mnemonic ability and estimate his performance after the application of the memory subtests. Descriptive statistics, Man-Whitney test and correlational analyzes were performed involving metacognitive knowledge, performance in memory subtests and judgment of performance. The results indicated that the two groups of elderly people showed little knowledge about their own memory and the elderly with Alzheimer's tended to overestimate their performance in relation to working memory and semantic episodic verbal memory.
Uma heurística de desenvolvimento de tecnologia comportamental para redução do estigma direcionado a estudantes com transtorno do espectro do autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-24) Perkoski, Izadora Ribeiro; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2566274872956122
Technology can be defined as a way to solve important human problems. Behavioral technology, specifically, is applying the scientific findings of Behavior Analysis to solve socially relevant behavioral problems. Despite strengthening itself as a scientific perspective of Psychology, being a well-defined field of knowledge, and with a prolific production of data, there are still few investigations about the transposition of behavioral-analytic science to technology development. The aim of this thesis is to propose a heuristic for the development of behavioral technologies and demonstrate its application to a complex problem in the domain of Special Education. As specific objectives, we seek to define, based on the literature, what behavioral technology is; Propose and describe a heuristic for the creation of behavioral technology; Describe the application of the proposed heuristic in the design of a game manual to reduce stigma through structured contact between children with and without ASD. Several methods were applied at each stage of the research. The heuristic was described based on the specialized literature, and a systematic procedure to develop behavioral interventions was created. Evidence was collected using systematic review, and the operational definition process also sought to follow a procedure replicable by other researchers. The development process of the behavioral intervention was described step-by-step, allowing for replication and future iterations. This thesis is structured in three main chapters, two additional chapters, and the created game manual presented as an appendix. The three main chapters go from the theoretical definition of behavioral technology and the functional description of the behaviors that make up the behavior of the behavior analyst in the development of technology, in Chapter 1, through the proposal of a heuristic procedure for the construction of behavioral technologies, in Chapter 2, ending with the demonstration of the application of this heuristic to a natural environment problem (the facilitation of non-stigmatizing interactions between children with and without ASD), in Chapter 3. The two additional chapters are the results of collecting the necessary information for the construction of the game proposed in Chapter 3: a conceptual study of stigmatizing behavior and a proposed operational definition based on empirical literature (Additional Chapter 1); and a systematic review of the literature, evaluating the tools with the strongest evidence in reducing stigma in the school environment (Additional Chapter 2). It is expected that the adoption of a structured procedure for the development of behavioral interventions, when applied to the context of combating the stigmatization of children with ASD, will help in the production of future effective intervention tools. Despite the description of a systematic way of creating the tool, it is important to emphasize that the detailed description of the process of developing technology cannot replace its empirical evaluation. Thus, we hope that in the future efficacy and generalization tests, hampered by the SarsCov2 virus pandemic, can be conducted. Empirical evaluation is indispensable for characterizing a behavioranalytic technology as such.
Fatores relacionados com adoção e aderência de aplicativos móveis de atividade física por idosos: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-24) Lorenzi, Lorena Jorge; Castro, Paula Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790263464498111; Gomes, Grace Angélica de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231669265846900; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9366291732015103
Introduction: Many problems that occur with aging are related to an unhealthy lifestyle. Physical activity (PA) helps to prevent disease and promote health, promoting a healthier lifestyle. One strategy to promote the practice of healthy habits, such as AF, is the use of mobile device applications. However, the elderly population faces difficulties and barriers regarding these technologies. It becomes important, then, to identify the scientific literature on the subject in order to collaborate in the improvement and/or creation of PA applications that are more accessible to this audience. Thus, the objective of this investigation is to map the factors related to adoption and/or adherence to PA mobile apps by the elderly. Methods: In this section, two manuscripts of the scoping review were presented, the first is the protocol with methodological aspects and the second the complete review with the results. Regarding the review methods, searches were performed in five databases, with a strategy developed from terms such as adoption, adherence, factors, mobile applications, PA and elderly. In addition, two additional strategies were performed by checking the list of references of the included and searching Google Scholar. Studies available from 2010 to the date of the search in English, Portuguese or Spanish, that had factors specific to the elderly, were included. The selection of studies was performed by two reviewers in five steps: identification of studies in the databases and removal of duplicates; pilot test; selection by titles and abstracts; inclusion by full texts and realization of additional strategies. Disagreements in the steps were resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted by two reviewers using a form. Quantitative data were reported in a narrative form and qualitative data were analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis. Results: The results were presented in the second manuscript, as follows: 12 studies were included in the review, most of which were published after 2017 and half of the studies were published in Switzerland or the United States. The studies had different types of design being the most frequent studies of usability, intervention, interview and design, and product development. In addition, the qualitative approach was the most used and most studies (58.3%) had between 11 and 20 participants. All study participants used at least one PA application and data related to adoption and/or adherence to these applications were collected through different means, such as interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and data from the application itself. The main factors found in relation to adoption were personal factors related to the individual, while for adherence the main factors were the technical reasons related to the application used. Conclusion: This review allowed the identification of specific factors for the elderly public, which could help in the development and improvement of mobile PA applications, increasing the adoption and adherence of this audience and, consequently, the practice of PA.
Dinâmica geomorfológica, condicionantes morfoestruturais e terraços fluviais na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapetininga - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-24) Siqueira Ribeiro, Richard Vinícius; Arruda, Emerson Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1548286684102687
Esta investigación involucró la caracterización geomorfológica de la cuenca del río Itapetininga mediante del análisis de la evolución regional de las unidades de relieve de la cuenca en cuestión y también las limitaciones morfoestructurales y su relación con los ambientes depositacionales y la dinámica de la red de drenaje. Se buscó comprender los procesos que influyen en la morfodinámica regional y local, especialmente en lo que respecta a la dinámica fluvial y su papel en la disección, transporte y consecuente acumulación del depósitos correlativos en destintas zonas. El área de estudio se ubica en la porción sureste del estado del San Pablo, entre las morfoesculturas de la Depresión Periférica Paulista y la Meseta Atlántica, introduciendo una complejidad en cuanto a la tipología de relieve y el padron de la red de drenaje. El objetivo del trabajo fue comprender la evolución del paisaje desde del análisis de terrazas y llanuras y su relación con el cambio climático Cuaternario y los procesos neotectónicos. En cuanto al método, optamos por el enfoque sistémico del Christofolleti (1981) y la metodología se guió por técnicas morfométricas, análisis de modelos de relieve, elaboración del mapas temáticos y análisis físico del depósitos correlactivos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el área de estudio fue influenciada por eventos tectónicos relacionados con la apertura del Océano Atlántico y estructuras de fallas preexistentes y también por eventos climáticos Cuaternarios, principalmente de las fases húmeda y semihúmeda del Holoceno Superior e Inferior. El cruce de técnicas y datos permitió una comprensión general de los mecanismos que interfieren en la morfogénesis de la cuenca hidrográfica y que, en consecuencia, demuestran procesos relacionados con los últimos miles de años.
Estudo teórico: da adsorção de etanol em clusters de Cun e Aun (n = 10-20)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-08-24) Martínez, Manuel Ricardo Fuentes; López-Castillo, Alejandro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599181118729458; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3319380434766052
In this work, we study aggregates, which we will call clusters of copper and gold with and without the adsorbed ethanol molecule. First, we investigated the most favorable positions for ethanol adsorption to occur in metallic clusters. Then, we used three methods to obtain, a priori, these positions with possession only of the clusters without performing calculations with the adsorbed molecule. These methods are the Fukui indices, the interaction of point charges around the metallic cluster, and a geometric index, which gives how close or far apart the metallic atoms are in the isolated cluster in question. These positions obtained are then confronted with those from a later calculation of the cluster and ethanol set. With this, we established the predictive power of the methods used to obtain the best adsorption positions. Gold and copper nanoclusters have been extensively studied in several theoretical works using density functional theory. The present work used the density functional theory, using the hybrid exchange and correlation functional B3LYP and the base set def-SVP and later def-TZVPP. The objective is to compare energy character between several clusters with sizes of 10 to 20 atoms, obtained from the literature. Our studies do not have the nature of being systematic. Instead, develop and carry out a critical analysis of models that could study the adsorption of molecules in metallic clusters. Several theoretical studies indicate that ethanol preferentially adsorbs on metallic nanoclusters via nucleophilic attack by the oxygen-free electronic pair. This work includes the D3 Grimme scattering approximation to correct for van der Waals (vdW) effects. According to the results obtained, it was observed that there is no clear relationship between the energy analysis of the clusters, such as the binding energy (BE) (or the second energy difference (∆2E)) and the adsorption energy of ethanol (Eads). After adsorption of the ethanol molecule, some gold clusters deform their initial geometry in the region of 12 to 18 atoms. This problem is not frequent in copper clusters. The adsorption energy in copper clusters varies from -0.65 to -1.16 eV and, for gold clusters, the adsorption energy varies from -0.40 to -0.75 eV. Our studies showed that metallic clusters might have different stabilities due to geometric deformation against the adsorption of molecules. The studies carried out here will help the development of ethanol catalysis in metallic clusters.