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Differential cohomology on maps of pairs and relative-parallel product
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-06)
Nunez Maldonado, Juan Carlos
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Ruffino, Fabio Ferrari
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2512107188781159
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0715395785736301
In this thesis, we study three important topics. The first one provides an axiomatic framework to differential cohomology on maps of pairs of topological spaces, introducing the product between relative and parallel classes. The second one describes some concrete models of differential cohomology endowed with the relative-parallel product, showing that the axioms stated above are not empty. The third topic deals with the construction and the axiomatization of some meaningful versions of the Thom morphism and of the integration map, in which the parallel-relative product is essential. These definitions constitute the main application of this product, and they are at the same time the fundamental motivation that led us to consider it.
Eticidade e Religião em Hegel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-06)
Macedo, Rodrygo Rocha
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7068081801417252
In this dissertation I aim to investigate how religion and the State are linked in Hegel’s philosophy in an organic way, assuming that such a relationship does not cause mischaracterizations or affect the functions and objectives of both spheres. One can be found in the Remark of § 270 of the Philosophy of Right (1821) the assumption that State and religion diverge (auseinandergehen) precisely where religion constitutes the foundation which includes the ethical realm in general, and the nature of the state as divine will (GPhR, p. 417). Nevertheless, in the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (1821-8131), there is a mention of the term “Community” (Gemeinde), in which individuals, through the spirit, know the Idea of God. In such a Community, according to the Lectures of 1827, there is a “reconciliation” (Versöhnung) between the Church and ethical life (VPhR-III, p. 266). Assuming that the aforementioned texts are not divergent from each other, but maintain a conceptual harmony, this dissertation traces the route in Hegel's work to understand how the philosopher elaborated and developed, in the course of his written production, the implications regarding the relationship between ethical life and religion. In the aftermath I analyze in Hegel's Early Writings (1795-1800) the way he considered the possibility of a “popular religion” (or public religion) based on the linkage between “objective religion” and “subjective religion”. I also explore the dimension that such debate was outlined in the philosopher’s later works, largely in the Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and in the Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences (1817-1830). This dissertation admits that the philosophy of law and the philosophy of religion can be approached by logic. This statement is based on some specific passages of Hegel's written work. The first of them is in the Preface to the Philosophy of Right, in which Hegel assumes this work adds details about the method regarding speculative knowledge that had already been intensely treated in Science of Logic (1812-1816). Secondly, in the Introduction to the 1821 Manuscript of Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion Hegel asserts that philosophy of religion is based on the requirement of the concept and the reason (VPhR-I, p. 23). Finally, I demonstrante in this dissertation, from the perspective of Hegel’s written work, the unison of religion and ethical life since the concept of “Community”.
Quando a pauta é representação, vale mais identidades ou empreendedorismo de si? uma análise de youtubers negro(a/e)s brasileiro(a/e)s
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Anjos, Ana Carolina Costa dos
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6086286587052232
In the context of the Internet, after the 2010, subjects act as their own entrepreneurs on digital platforms. Terms such as representation and identity start to be appropriated and re-signified in the processes of consumption and production of digital content. Although in smaller numbers, people racialized as black consume and produce in this space of representation and do so, sometimes, undertaking their black identities. At the interface of Digital Sociology, Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations and Cultural Studies this research seeks to answer the following question: "What has guided the construction of the discourses of Black Brazilian youtubers?" And has as its general objective to understand the processes of discourse construction of black people who are Brazilian youtubers, between the years 2015-2020. The qualitative approach study adopted a set of methods and procedures and proposes the use of the culture circuit, along with digital ethnography, to make the assembly of the research object. As an analysis procedure to work the discourses employs some of the theoretical methodological assumptions of Michel Foucault already incorporating the criticisms made by Stuart Hall. Seven channels of black youtubers were selected: “Nátaly Neri - Afros e Afins”; “Gabi Oliveira-DePretas”; “Muro Pequeno”; “10Ocupados”; “Canal do Pericão”; “Etnia Brasileira” and “Fernando Holiday”, that altogether they produced 1.697 videos and posted them on the YouTube platform, during the period of analysis. All of them declare themselves black (black and brown); they are participants of the YouTube Partnership Program (they monetize with the production of content); most of them have already been invited or selected for some project on the platform; they have more than 100 thousand subscribers on the channel (two of them have more than a million) and somehow talk about racial issues in their videos. The data are analyzed by socio-historical context and themes that emerged in the field, among which I highlight: the processes of digital education and media literacy; critical racial literacy; the dispute of the category 'brown' and 'black'; lexicons with 'place of speech' and 'experience' in a logic of surveillance and punitivism; representation and tokenism; agency of anger; right to opacity; the house of men and the house of difference. Thus, by undertaking themselves and their black identities they end up generating representations about what it is to be a black person who is also a university student, artist, homosexual, digital influencer or politician, making them with lexicons and aesthetics proper to the techno-mediated public sphere. These are digital strategies for the construction of new regimes of representation that value what has been denied, but since it is about representation there are no guarantees.
Dinâmicas territoriais e métricas espaciais: avaliação de expansão urbana em cidade de porte médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Menzori, Ivan Damasco
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Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370542802488644
The rapid urban population growth was accompanied by intense expansion processes in urban areas, especially in cities developing countries. The confrontation of the challenges emerging from these processes motivated several processes and regulatory acts concerning a more sustainable urban development in which, specifically in Brazil, the legal and philosophical basis of spatial planning is largely related to the social function of property at the local level of cities, through master plans. As an instrument of urban environmental management, usually present in the master plans, zoning plans allow the definition of a city's functions through special zones (or areas) of environmental protection (with restricted or conditioned land use/cover), of residential, mixed, commercial and industrial uses, as well as their degrees of land parcel and density. However, even when environmental preservation and recovery zones are foreseen, as well as other aspects related to the physical environment that may be impacted by extensive urbanization, master plans seem ineffective in these aspects when addressed by the local authorities. As a rule, peripheral and extensive urbanization is related, among other factors, to public policies that favour economic growth at the local level, to the detriment of regulating urban expansion. In this context, analyses of the implementation of master plans, their physical-territorial results, and their relationship with territorial governance are still scarce. In this study, the role of territorial governance in master plans implementation practices is evaluated, as well as the geospatial results of urban growth in a medium-sized Brazilian city (Araraquara-SP) are explored, in an analytical way with quantitative empirical approaches. The objective is to identify possible discrepancies and patterns (different from randomness) in the geospatial results of urban growth, according to different periods of territorial governance, assuming that governance capacity affects the spatial distribution of urban growth and the regulation of urban expansion. The results show different patterns of urban growth associated with different political-administrative terms in office, even when implementing the same master plan, suggesting that these results may have been shaped by either the application or the abstention of the regulatory planning framework, with different degrees of permissiveness towards peripheral and extensive urbanization processes, to the detriment of extreme environmental criticality areas and the precepts of a more sustainable urban development.
Estudo fitoquímico e alelopático de extratos de Diaporthe phaseolorum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Accarini, Raissa Barcha
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Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903098927490904
Endophytic fungi have the ability to live inside or outside a plant tissue, without harming it. Studies have shown that these groups of fungi are promising sources in the search for new natural compounds, since in many of them, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and phytotoxic activities were found, being of great interest for applications in medicine, agriculture and chemical biology. In this work, the fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum, extracted from healthy leaves of Serjania lethalis A.St-Hils, a liana belonging to the Sapindaceae family commonly found in the Brazilian cerrado, was used. already published. Fungi of the genus Diaporthe, whose asexual state is known as Phomopsis, are found as endophytic and saprophytic in a variety of plant species, and produce compounds with known phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities, such as gulypyrones and phomoxanthones, but there are still few studies with the species Diaporthe phaseolorum. Therefore, the main objectives of this work were to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of extracts and fractions of D. phaseolorum on indicator and invasive target species, analyzing their mode of action, as well as identifying secondary metabolism compounds. First, two extracts were prepared, one mycelial (EME) and the other from the culture medium (EMC), extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate by liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Both extracts were tested in bioassays that evaluated the growth of wheat coleoptile (Triticum aestivum L.), germination and seedling growth of mono and eudicotyledonous invasive and indicator species: wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.), colony grass (Megathyrsus maximus J.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), respectively, and were also tested in a bioassay that evaluates the growth of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) root metaxylem cells. The extracts were fractionated on a silica column in normal phase and their respective fractions were again tested on the growth of wheat coleoptiles in order to select those with greater phytotoxicity. Taking into account the results and yields, fraction 9 (EME9) from the mycelial extract (EME) was selected for the seedling growth and germination bioassays and for the sesame root metaxylem cell growth bioassay. Both crude extracts (EME and EMC) used in the wheat coleoptile growth bioassay were able to inhibit their growth, showing their highest percentages of inhibition when used at their highest concentrations (0.8mg/mL-1 ), as the fractions EME9 and EME3 from the crude mycelial extract were those with the highest inhibitory percentages for the same bioassay. In the seedling growth bioassay, the crude extract (EME) and its fraction (EME9) were able to inhibit the growth of both aerial parts and roots of wild poinsettia seedlings. Wild poinsettia was also more sensitive to mycelial extract and its fraction in relation to germination percentage, showing the lowest percentage values. The growth of sesame seedling root metaxylem cells was also inhibited, proving the phytotoxic effect of the mycelial extract and its respective fraction to them. Through a chemical analysis by CLUE (ultra-efficiency liquid chromatography) performed on samples EMC, EME and EME9, 7 major compounds were identified, all already described in the literature for the genus Diaporthe, where the compound fomoxantone A is the one to be present in larger quantity and in all analyzed samples. The crude extracts EMC and EME and the EME9 fraction showed phytotoxic activity in the bioassays performed in this study, inhibiting the growth of wheat coleoptiles, roots and aerial parts of the target species and sesame root metaxylem cells. Thus, compounds identified in the extracts of Diaporthe phaseolorum show promise in the study of their bioactivities, since studies with the species related to this bioactivities are scarce in the literature.
A saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores sob o viés da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07)
Tavares, Thiago Daniel Ribeiro
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Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5722569096598322
From an STS perspective, and underpinned by Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens´ theory of the Risk Society, this study aims to reflect on their potential to support the implementation of national and international public policies and the creation of norms that seek the health and safety of workers . For this purpose, we bring Brazilian and Portuguese legislation, directives from the European Union (EU) and Conventions of the International Labor Organization (ILO) as evidence of the implementation of this protection. The starting point is that in the corporate environment, managers are increasingly aware of the relevance of quality of life and the need to develop and apply better conditions for the well-being of workers. The issue of safety in the work environment is an important factor, highlighting that by being in a safe and well-kept environment, the risks of accidents and occupational diseases are minimized. The duty of care regarding the physical and mental integrity of employees is the company's obligation, through its managers. It is important to remember that investments in the area of work safety are compensated according to the productivity gains of employees, improving working conditions and realizing the important role of Science and Technology for the implementation and organization of a balanced work environment, development, manufacture and certification of EPI and EPC. Thus, due to the great advances in technology associated with the improvement of education, the requirements regarding working conditions have changed, that is, what was previously tolerated has now become unacceptable, forcing the State to constantly create and update its laws. Proof of this is that with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need for reinvention, implementing the need for social and physical distancing and consequent adaptation of the working environment. For that, the Ministerial for Labor, International Labor Organization and Organization Health World Cup had an extremely important role in the risk assessment, creating urgent solutions and guidelines to prevent the spread of the disease and ensuring the safety of workers adopted not only in Brazil but throughout the world.
Hipoclorito e clorito de sódio: comparação de estabilidade de cloro livre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-08)
Costa, Cléber Duarte da
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Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5212125315225622
The use of products based on available chlorine is common in industrial and household activities, which are generally strong related to purposes of fiber bleaching and disinfection. It is common to find the term active chlorine (available chlorine) written on these brazilian product labels referring to the active concentration and to inform about the product oxidizing feature. Available chlorine is the term used to refer to a unit of oxidizing capacity of chlorinated products which is used to estimate the concentration of chlorine-releasing compounds through its equivalent available chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite is a chlorine-releasing compound widely applied, also recognized by Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and is present in several product compositions as chlorinated bleach and disinfectants. However, chlorine-releasing compounds in aqueous solution may have natural instability in terms of oxidizing capacity, which is related to degradability. The degradability of aqueous chlorine-releasing compounds is influenced by some factors and therefore it may reflect the available chlorine instability and in consequence chlorine-releasing compound based solutions may have decreasing disinfection and bleaching power over time. In context, this study sought to compare some ordinary formulation variations of bleach based on sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite as an available chlorine-releasing compound; in terms of available chlorine stability through weekly iodometric determination along the test period. According to the test results, conditioning the samples in 30ºC for 84 days, formulations with sodium chlorite were more stable when compared to those with hypochlorite showing no degradability in certain formulation compositions. Therefore, it is concluded that formulations with sodium chlorite may have greater available chlorine stability than those with sodium hypochlorite depending on the other components used in the formulation.
Avaliação da bioatividade de endófitos de Polygala paniculata por abordagem OSMAC e perfil enzimático no controle de patógenos de interesse clínico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-08)
Ventura Mejia, Hector Ariel
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Bogas, Andrea Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582824595829729
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
The genus Polygala spp. occurs naturally in Brazil. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, among others were reported in species of this genus. The anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, trypanocidal and antimicrobial activities stand out. Endophytic microorganisms do not cause apparent damage to their hosts and can be isolated from healthy plant tissues and superficially disinfected. Endophytes have been considered a source of natural products, including those with antimicrobial activity for the control of pathogens. Considering the growing microbial resistance, bioprospection of new antimicrobials are necessary. This study aimed to characterize phenotypically, through micro and macroscopic analyzes, two endophytic bacterial isolates (UNK3 and ROXO16) of Polygala paniculata, and to evaluate them for the production of antimicrobials and enzymes for the control of clinical pathogens. Phenotypic analyzes showed typical colonies of actinomycetes with slow growth, irregular borders with smooth or rough surface and Gram positive bacilli of different shapes, being short or long. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity revealed that the UNK3 isolate has relative activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. Staphyloccocus aureus ATCC 29213, Salmonella (clinically) and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. It was observed activity for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans and negative for E coli and Salmonella. An analysis of the bipartition of the extract with ethyl acetate, followed by the antimicrobial evaluation by the disk diffusion method, revealed that the UNK3 set started the production of bioactive substances on the third day; E. coli, Salmonella, on the sixth day for P. aeruginosa, and for S. aureus on the ninth day. ROXO16 isolate, the onset of activity was on the third day against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella and negative for S. aureus and C. albicans. Qualitative enzymatic analysis consolidated that the UNK3 isolate had cellulolytic, amylolytic, pectinolytic and proteolytic activity, while the ROXO16 isolate produced cellulase and protease. Using the OSMAC methodology, it was determined that endophytic microorganisms present an increase in the production of metabolites, the modification of the carbon source and the nitrogen source resulted in greater bioactivity and even against new microorganisms, than those incubated under normal conditions. introduce you. The results obtained so far demonstrate the promising potential of the endophytic bacteria UNK3 and ROXO16 from P.6 paniculata for the production of antimicrobials and also for future industrial applications. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Endophytes, Metabolites, Polygalaceae, Enzymatic potential, microbial resistance
Uma voz para a América Latina? A elaboração discursiva da vida de Mercedes Sosa em documentários biográficos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-11)
Souza, Nathan Bastos de
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4592348231762682
Mercedes Sosa (1935-2009) was an Argentine singer who was fundamental in the development of Latin American music with a social perspective and her political activity raised the militant content of the songs. In this thesis we study the biographical discourse about her in three documentaries "Mercedes Sosa - Como un pájaro libre", directed by Ricardo Wüllicher, 1983, "Mercedes Sosa - ¿Será posible el sur?" directed by Stefan Paul, 1985, and “Mercedes Sosa, la voz de Latinoamérica”, by Rodrigo Vila, 2013. In this sense, the research is guided by a question: how is Mercedes Sosa's life elaborated discursively in the biographical documentaries and what are the elements considered valid in her profile to elevate her to the condition of “voz da América Latina”? The main aim of the thesis is to study the discursive elaboration of Mercedes Sosa's life in biographical documentaries in order to understand how this idea of the “voz da América Latina”, with the goal to contribute theoretically to a recent reflection about discourse in Bakhtinian studies. We unfold this main aim into three others specifics, what are, to characterize the biographical discourse, from a historical, epistemological and discursive point of view, producing an examination of its discursive functioning; to study the discursive elaboration of Mercedes Sosa's life as it is presented in the documentaries in analysis; discuss the meanings of the epithet “voz da América Latina” in the comparison between moments of emergence and permanence after the singer's death. The theoretical-methodological approach will be based mainly on the discussion of the authors of the Bakhtin Circle (BAKHTIN, 2011, 2015, MEDVIÉDEV, 2012, VOLÓCHINOV, 2017) on the meeting of discourses, through comparison, based on the notions of transmission, understanding and evaluation of the speech of the other. We organized the thesis in three parts. In part I, we characterize the biographical discourse and delimit the ways to understand it; in part II, we analyze fragments of chronologically organized documentaries and perceive the affirmation of conditioning elements for the epithet “a voz da América Latina”; in part III, we present the emergence and permanence of the epithet from an analysis of its meanings, we consider that this part contains the validating elements for Mercedes Sosa to be considered “a voz da América Latina”. Finally, we enunciate the thesis defended in this work: her voice, the militant content of the songs, the historical-political period, the previous life, the political struggle, the Latin American connection are ingredients in the discursive elaboration of Mercedes Sosa's life in the biographical documentaries and help to consolidate the edifying values related to the epithet “voz da América Latina”. The combination of these factors legitimizes that the name Mercedes Sosa is raised to the status of voice of the continent, once one considers the adherence of her singing profession – despite the other intellectuals and artists active at the same time – her vocal power, the questions that the repertoire presented and, above all, her political action.
Exercise-based rehabilitation delivery models in comorbid chronic pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-13)
Silva, Audrey Borghi
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Garcia-Araújo, Adriana Sanches
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Winkermann, Eliane
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Caruso, Flávia Rossi
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Bassi-Dibai, Daniela
Financiamento eleitoral: disputas e estratégias em torno da votação e aplicação do Fundo Especial de Financiamento de Campanhas (FEFC)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-13)
Silva, Nathália Letícia de Pina
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8961206170263445
The present research aims to understand the incentives that defined the voting and distribution strategies of the Special Fund for Campaign Financing. The general objective of the research was to analyze the voting process for implementing the Electoral Fund and the party strategies for its distribution in the 2018 general elections. electoral campaigns that were approaching, we tried to understand if 1) the volume of resources for each political party determined the vote of parliamentarians; and whether 2) the dispute for majority positions was concentrated in parties with the greatest funding from the FEFC. In this way, we seek to answer the following question: What incentives defined the FEFC voting and distribution strategies? The specific objectives that guide this research consist of: 1) Identifying the changes in Law No. 9,504/97 that affected the 2018 electoral process, especially with regard to articles dealing with campaign financing; 2) analyze the political disputes in both National Chambers around the vote for the creation of the FEFC; 3) understand to what extent the changes impacted party resource distribution strategies; 4) analyze the accountability of parties that had candidates for the 2018 election. For this, we propose a comparative analysis, combined with the rational choice neo-institutionalism approach to investigate the motivations and reorganization of political parties in this electoral process. In addition, we will carry out a qualitative analysis of the voting speeches of the project that culminated in Law No. 13.487/2017 and a quantitative analysis of the party's accountability (expenses) in the 2018 election.
Síntese da SBA-15 funcionalizada com aminossilanos e sua aplicação na condensação aldólica entre o furfural e a acetona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-14)
Lima, Marcelo Souza
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Marques, Clelia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
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Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746
The petroleum is used to manufacture plastics, solvents and, mainly, to produce fuels. However, some factors such as fluctuation in the price of the barrel, its non-renewable origin and the release of greenhouse gases make it necessary to diversify this energy matrix. In this way, furfural, derived from a renewable source, can undergo aldol condensation with ketone and form aviation kerosene precursors. This reaction is catalyzed by acid or base, however, studies in the literature show that heterogeneous catalysts do not have stability, with loss of the material's active phase, suffer from deactivation and, mainly, have low product selectivity (1E,4E)-1,5-di (furan-2-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (F₂Ac). Therefore, in this work, catalysts are proposed in order to increase the efficiency of materials in this reaction. Therefore, in Chapter 1, mesoporous materials of the SBA-15 family were synthesized functionalized with: (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), 3-(2-Imidazolin-1-yl)propyltriethoxysilane (IMPTES), (3-anilinopropyl)trimethoxysilane (PAPTMS) that would give basic properties to materials. Thus, they were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, thermal (TGA) and CHN elemental analysis. In addition, catalytic tests were carried out that investigated the best experimental conditions and revealed that the SBA-15-APTES material has the best activity, fully converting furfural and being 47% selective to the product (1E,4E)-1,5-di (furan-2-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (F₂Ac) of greatest interest and 7% to (E)-4-(furan-2-yl)but-3-en-2-one (FAc). In chapter 2, the synthesis of materials with Sn (IV) is proposed, which would give acidic Lewis properties, aiming to stabilize the enolate anion formed from F₂Ac and functionalized with the aforementioned silanizing agents that confer basicity. Then, the catalysts were synthesized by post-functionalization of Sn-SBA-15 precursor materials and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, ICP-OES and by the analyzes already mentioned in the previous chapter. In the catalytic tests all materials were active, however, the results revealed that the acidity did not contribute to the desired action.
Análise de polaridade e de tópicos em tweets no domínio da política no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-14)
Capellaro, Leonardo
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1323489363246457
The political scenario in Brazil is one of the busiest and most controversial in the last decade. With the advent of social networks, a new communication channel between voters and politicians was created, with users having a space to publish their opinions, beliefs and also follow the posts of other people. In this context, this work shows the performance of BERT models in the polarity (positive, negative or neutral) and topic analysis of tweets related to Brazilian politics. Experiments were carried out with tweets related to the 2018 elections achieving results (F1 = 96%) better than the ones obtained by previous works for the polarity classification. The qualitative analysis of the topics (the first one using BERTopic in this corpus) also resulted in promising insights.
Biofertilizantes como reatores em grânulo: sistemas carreadores com Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma asperelloides para ações no controle biológico, promoção do crescimento de plantas e solubilização de fósforo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-14)
Favaro, Camila Patrícia
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0893621842906330
In recent years, the importance of microorganisms role in maintaining agricultural productivity has been highlighted, being essential in cycling nutrients and production of metabolites to contribute to plant growth and protection. All these factors contribute to growth of biological products market. However, studies are still needed to improve and develop production technologies and maintain the quality of these products. Associating the use of unprocessed phosphate rocks (PR) with the microbial P solubilization, we developed a process to produce a biofertilizer granule from cold extrusion, capable of scaling. The granule acts as a micro reactor, where the nutrient of formulation supports microorganism growth for production of metabolites capable of solubilizing the phosphorus (P) of rock, biological control, and plant growth promotion. In the first stage of this work, the P solubilization have been evaluated by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma spp. isolated and combined in submerged cultivation, using different phosphate rocks powder. At this stage, the strains, and the PR to be used in the development of the granule were selected. The production of the biofertilizer granules process was developed, with the isolated and combined strains. In the biofertilizer granule, an increase of up to 150% in the solubilization of P was observed when compared to the cultures with phosphate rock powder. The antagonism in vitro of the biofertilizer with Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated the capacity of T. asperelloides for biological control. The combination with A. niger did not affect its performance of T. asperelloides. Subsequently, aiming to reduce the production costs of biofertilizers granules and reduce the waste generation, the substrate for microorganisms cultivation (rice grains) was used as a nutrient source in formulation. The viability of the formulations in storage at 4 °C and room temperature was evaluated, showing the importance of studying the storage conditions to maintain the quality of the product. Finally, the biofertilizer granules with isolated and combined microorganisms were evaluated in a soil-plant system (rhizotron), analyzing root and plant growth of tomato, and the dynamics of P in soil. The presence of T. asperelloides promote statistically significant differences in plant height. The presence of A. niger generated an increase in P in the fractions that showed greater migration dynamics of this component to the more labile fractions. These results which demonstrated the potential applicability of the product. The production process developed of biofertilizer granule by cold extrusion opens new doors for use of different carrier materials and the development of new granular biological products for direct application in agriculture.
A responsabilização do Estado e a destinação dos recursos do Fundo de Defesa de Direitos Difusos nas ações de reparação dos danos ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Zanquim Junior, José Wamberto
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Oliveira, Celso Maran de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7672611870413427
Anthropogenic actions impact the environment and restoration of damages is essential and inescapable. The in natura repair of environmental damage must always be sought after and, only as a last resource should it be reduced to monetary values. The Term of Commitment to Environmental Recovery aims at a consensual way to lay out the measures to repair the environment, forming an extrajudicial executive title. This reparation finds legal ground in the constitutional and infra-constitutional legislation, assigning solidarity to all offenders, direct or indirect. The Public Power will be jointly liable for damage to the environment. However, when held responsible for omission, will be in a secondary position of accountability. Portuguese international law and United States law provide that, for environmental damage in situations of irreparability, regardless of cause being the non-identification of offenders or failure to adopt sufficient measures for the return of the status quo, the Public Authorities may carry out reparative actions on the degraded environment, keeping the right of return. The situation favors the right to a balanced environment and maintenance of environmental quality over the use of public resources for the reparation. Therefore, the present thesis, in a complementary setup, proposes an amendment to the regulatory decree for the use of pecuniary resources obtained by the Fund for the Defense of Diffuse and Collective Rights regarding the expression “priority” provided for in the Sole Paragraphof art. 7 of Decree 1.306/1994 and its replacement by the expression “exclusively”. Thus, in the field of propositions for the effectiveness of repairs in natura, this thesis serves to suggest the adoption in domestic law, in accordance with international law, of the accountability of Public Power on adoption of environmental reparative actions, as well as suggest amending the infra-constitutional legislation, especially Decree n. 1306/1994 which regulates the use of resources from the FDD. For the scope of research, factual data was obtained from the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo - CETESB, regarding environmental administrative procedures in which TCRAs in the city of São Carlos - SP. The data is from years 2012 through 2016 and aims to verify effectiveness of the agreements on the degraded environment restoration. It was found that the TCRA was effective in most cases, however, there were degraded areas left without any repair action, justifying the proposal offered by this research. Likewise, the theoretical basis possible through bibliographic review allowed laying down the foundations and all the arguments surrounding the need to promote changes in domestic law for the feasibility of environmental repair in natura in accordance with international legislation. To this end, this research found its guidelines in books, periodicals, scientific articles, theses and dissertations, environmental diagnosis reports and in environmental administrative procedures, making use of the synergistic combination between theoretical elements and factual data extracted from the experienced reality. It can be concluded the environmental agreements are effective and there is need for new instruments for effective environmental repair.
O negócio das chacinas: sentidos de justiça, privatização da segurança e corrupção policial em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Silva, David Esmael Marques da
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292335363594754
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-7187
This doctoral study takes as its empirical focus the “chacina”— initially defined here as incidents of multiple homicide involving three or more victims within a single event—that occurred in Osasco and Barueri, municipalities in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, on August 13, 2015, in which 19 homicides were committed in peripheral urban areas by groups of hooded individuals. Following investigation and judicial proceedings, the case resulted in the conviction of three military police officers and one municipal guard from Barueri. However, on appeal, a second jury trial was ordered, in which one military police officer and the municipal guard were acquitted. Through this case study, the thesis seeks to better understand what constitutes a “chacina”, in order to reflect on the reasons why police officers become involved in such crimes in São Paulo, as well as the competing conceptions of justice that surround these events. To this end, the research draws on information about the case, its investigation, and judicial processing as reported in the press, as well as on direct observation of stages of the judicial proceedings and part of the jury trial. It also incorporates quantitative data on “chacinas” and related phenomena in São Paulo and Brazil, in addition to interviews with representatives of institutions within the criminal justice system, including the Civil Police, Military Police, Public Defender’s Office, and Police Ombudsman’s Office in the state of São Paulo. The findings indicate that chacinas are mobilized within different grammars of social conflict in Brazil, particularly since the 1990s, with those perpetrated by police officers—whether on or off duty—constituting one identifiable type. Furthermore, although the Osasco and Barueri “chacina”, carried out by off-duty police officers, was initially interpreted as an act of revenge for the killing of a military police officer and a municipal guard in the same region days earlier, the analysis ultimately reveals conceptions of justice associated with the business of providing private security services by police officers to commercial establishments. In this sense, public and private logics become intertwined, as public agents act off duty in pursuit of personal profit. Finally, the thesis proposes a typology of “chacinas” in general, as well as a specific typology for those involving police officers.
Análise de degradação e durabilidade da argila para uso em taipa de pilão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Figueiredo, Pedro Luís Junqueira
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451104993866570
This work presents an updated bibliographic review on the use of constructive technique in rammed earth, an alternative to those techniques popularized in Brazil, commonly based on the use of concrete, reinforced concrete and, in an incipient moderate way, steel. The choice of alternative materials for construction must be understood by historical, sustainable and economic biases, all of which are related to the mechanical and physical behavior of the material used, its strength and durability. The viability of rammed earth as an alternative constructive technology was analyzed. In a complementary way, a single-family construction model will be developed on a BIM (Building Information Modeling) platform, from which data will be extracted in relation to the amount of materials needed for the execution of the project. Through Brazilian pricing tables (SINAPI, etc.) of direct and indirect costs in national civil construction, an economic analysis was developed that corroborated the choice of one material over the other.
Levantamento de hortaliças cultivadas em hortas domésticas no município de São Carlos e principais fitopatologias associadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Oliveira, Joanna Laura Massaia de
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Souza, Sarah Caroline Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5432408406468248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7244927832540041
Vegetables, also known as greens by population, has great importance in nourishment, and due to demand to bring the vegetable garden closer to the consumer, the urban agriculture movement emerged. These gardens take place in available spaces and with accessible materials, such as vases, tires and flowerbeds. This thesis carried out a survey through an online form of the main vegetables cultivated at home in São Carlos, as well as the main diseases and pests associated with them. we investigated the profile of the participants, as well as the main forms of cultivation, possible phytopathologies and methods of home treatment. In the 103 responses was found that the most home-grown vegetables are coriander, parsley and chives, the most observed diseases were of fungal origin and the most observed pest was the aphid. Although the at-home treatments used by the participants were vague for the problems, they were fully or moderately effective. From the results, a brief survey was carried out regarding home treatments for the pathologies and pests found by the participants. Based on the results found, a brief survey of home treatments was carried out for the pathologies found by the participants.
Avaliação de um programa de formação docente sobre inclusão escolar aliando ensino colaborativo e diferenciado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Santos, Keisyani da Silva
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9429520073186592
: Initially the basic premise of Special Education was that its target audience students would benefit from a unique body of knowledge that were intended for them if they studied in small classes and in separate environments, applying specific methodologies. Currently, evidence indicates that the success of school inclusion policies is more related to the changes that benefit all students, that is, universal pedagogical measures aimed at improving the quality of teaching. Two promising proposals evidenced in the literature stand out, because they favor the learning and participation of all students, are: coteaching as a service model that involves the partnership between teachers of common and special education working with the whole class; and, the differentiated teaching theoretical-practical reference for the organization of teaching from the recognition and valorization of diversity. In this context, from change of conception to teacher education is a fundamental element for dissemination of this knowledge and possible impact on the schooling of Special Needs Education. Thus, the present study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a teacher training program, in service, combining the proposals coteaching and differentiated teaching. Based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Collaborative Research, a program was planned, implemented and evaluated for 18 teachers, from a municipal education network in the interior of São Paulo, composing nine pairs of teachers (from common and special education), with the proposal of acting in partnership, in heterogeneous classes that contained at least one PAEE student, of early childhood education or in the early years of elementary school. The study was developed in three stages: I) Development of the Teacher Training Program; II) Implementation of the program, and III) Evaluation of the Program. Data collection took place in all the mentioned stages, held in a face-to-face environment, with monthly meetings in 2018, and in a virtual environment, with activities developed between face-to-face meetings. Data related to face-to-face meetings were collected and recorded through field journals, videos and artifacts produced during the activities by the pairs. The data collected in a virtual environment was recorded and archived in the virtual learning environment itself. The analysis of the collected material was based on the procedures of codification and categorization into thematic axes, having as reference the objectives of the study. The main results showed that there was conceptual evolution of the two proposals by the participants throughout the training, since at the end of the program they demonstrated theoretical appropriation basic concepts and assumptions. The practical activities of: evaluating students, planning and executing classes, incorporating co-teaching and differentiated teaching enabled articulation with theory. The objective of experiencing the proposals of co-teaching and differentiated teaching, together, was achieved only by some pairs, who had more favorable working conditions for their development, especially compatibility of schedule for planning and execution of classes and support of the coordination of the school unit. The pairs that did not have these conditions partially exercised the proposals or did not experience them. In the evaluation of the program, by the participants, the content was considered relevant and feasible for application in the classroom, the other issues were evaluated satisfactorily. The experiences analyzed contribute to the reflection of effective pedagogical practices that contemplate the diversity of students in daily school life and for teacher education. Finally, it is considered that the proposals of co-teaching and differentiated teaching, although independent complement each other, can enhance each other. The program showed potential for theoretical and practical training for teachers.
Bandas de predição usando densidade condicional estimada e um modelo LDA com covariáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-15)
Shimizu, Gilson Yuuji
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Izbicki, Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7533681983634233
Machine learning methods are divided into two main groups: supervised and unsupervised methods. In the first part of this work, we develop a method for creating prediction bands that can be applied to supervised problems. Our approach is based on conformal methods, which are very appealing because they create prediction bands that control average coverage assuming solely i.i.d. data. It is also often desirable to control conditional coverage, that is, coverage for every new testing point. However, without strong assumptions, conditional coverage is unachievable. Given this limitation, the literature has focused on methods with asymptotical conditional coverage. In order to obtain this property, these methods require strong conditions on the dependence between the target variable and the features. We introduce two conformal methods based on conditional density estimators that do not depend on this type of assumption to obtain asymptotic conditional coverage: Dist-split and CD-split. While Dist-split asymptotically obtains optimal intervals, which are easier to interpret than general regions, CD-split obtains optimal size regions, which are smaller than intervals. CD-split also obtains local coverage by creating prediction bands locally on a partition of the features space. This partition is data-driven and scales to high-dimensional settings. In a wide variety of simulated scenarios, our methods have a better control of conditional coverage and have smaller length than previously proposed methods. In the second part, in a context of unsupervised methods, we develop a new version of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. The LDA model is a popular method for creating mixed-membership clusters. Despite having been originally developed for text analysis, LDA has been used for a wide range of other applications. We propose a new formulation for the LDA model which incorporates covariates. In this model, a negative binomial regression is embedded within LDA, enabling straight-forward interpretation of the regression coefficients and the analysis of the quantity of cluster-specific elements in each sampling units (instead of the analysis being focused on modeling the proportion of each cluster, as in Structural Topic Models). We use slice sampling within a Gibbs sampling algorithm to estimate model parameters. We rely on simulations to show how our algorithm is able to successfully retrieve the true parameter values. The model is illustrated using real data sets from three different areas: text-mining of Coronavirus articles, analysis of grocery shopping baskets, and ecology of tree species on Barro Colorado Island (Panama). This model allows the identification of mixed-membership clusters in discrete data and provides inference on the relationship between covariates and the abundance of these clusters.