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Dinâmicas territoriais e métricas espaciais: avaliação de expansão urbana em cidade de porte médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07) Menzori, Ivan Damasco; Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370542802488644
The rapid urban population growth was accompanied by intense expansion processes in urban areas, especially in cities developing countries. The confrontation of the challenges emerging from these processes motivated several processes and regulatory acts concerning a more sustainable urban development in which, specifically in Brazil, the legal and philosophical basis of spatial planning is largely related to the social function of property at the local level of cities, through master plans. As an instrument of urban environmental management, usually present in the master plans, zoning plans allow the definition of a city's functions through special zones (or areas) of environmental protection (with restricted or conditioned land use/cover), of residential, mixed, commercial and industrial uses, as well as their degrees of land parcel and density. However, even when environmental preservation and recovery zones are foreseen, as well as other aspects related to the physical environment that may be impacted by extensive urbanization, master plans seem ineffective in these aspects when addressed by the local authorities. As a rule, peripheral and extensive urbanization is related, among other factors, to public policies that favour economic growth at the local level, to the detriment of regulating urban expansion. In this context, analyses of the implementation of master plans, their physical-territorial results, and their relationship with territorial governance are still scarce. In this study, the role of territorial governance in master plans implementation practices is evaluated, as well as the geospatial results of urban growth in a medium-sized Brazilian city (Araraquara-SP) are explored, in an analytical way with quantitative empirical approaches. The objective is to identify possible discrepancies and patterns (different from randomness) in the geospatial results of urban growth, according to different periods of territorial governance, assuming that governance capacity affects the spatial distribution of urban growth and the regulation of urban expansion. The results show different patterns of urban growth associated with different political-administrative terms in office, even when implementing the same master plan, suggesting that these results may have been shaped by either the application or the abstention of the regulatory planning framework, with different degrees of permissiveness towards peripheral and extensive urbanization processes, to the detriment of extreme environmental criticality areas and the precepts of a more sustainable urban development.
Estudo fitoquímico e alelopático de extratos de Diaporthe phaseolorum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07) Accarini, Raissa Barcha; Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903098927490904
Endophytic fungi have the ability to live inside or outside a plant tissue, without harming it. Studies have shown that these groups of fungi are promising sources in the search for new natural compounds, since in many of them, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and phytotoxic activities were found, being of great interest for applications in medicine, agriculture and chemical biology. In this work, the fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum, extracted from healthy leaves of Serjania lethalis A.St-Hils, a liana belonging to the Sapindaceae family commonly found in the Brazilian cerrado, was used. already published. Fungi of the genus Diaporthe, whose asexual state is known as Phomopsis, are found as endophytic and saprophytic in a variety of plant species, and produce compounds with known phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities, such as gulypyrones and phomoxanthones, but there are still few studies with the species Diaporthe phaseolorum. Therefore, the main objectives of this work were to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of extracts and fractions of D. phaseolorum on indicator and invasive target species, analyzing their mode of action, as well as identifying secondary metabolism compounds. First, two extracts were prepared, one mycelial (EME) and the other from the culture medium (EMC), extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate by liquid-liquid partition, respectively. Both extracts were tested in bioassays that evaluated the growth of wheat coleoptile (Triticum aestivum L.), germination and seedling growth of mono and eudicotyledonous invasive and indicator species: wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.), colony grass (Megathyrsus maximus J.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), respectively, and were also tested in a bioassay that evaluates the growth of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) root metaxylem cells. The extracts were fractionated on a silica column in normal phase and their respective fractions were again tested on the growth of wheat coleoptiles in order to select those with greater phytotoxicity. Taking into account the results and yields, fraction 9 (EME9) from the mycelial extract (EME) was selected for the seedling growth and germination bioassays and for the sesame root metaxylem cell growth bioassay. Both crude extracts (EME and EMC) used in the wheat coleoptile growth bioassay were able to inhibit their growth, showing their highest percentages of inhibition when used at their highest concentrations (0.8mg/mL-1 ), as the fractions EME9 and EME3 from the crude mycelial extract were those with the highest inhibitory percentages for the same bioassay. In the seedling growth bioassay, the crude extract (EME) and its fraction (EME9) were able to inhibit the growth of both aerial parts and roots of wild poinsettia seedlings. Wild poinsettia was also more sensitive to mycelial extract and its fraction in relation to germination percentage, showing the lowest percentage values. The growth of sesame seedling root metaxylem cells was also inhibited, proving the phytotoxic effect of the mycelial extract and its respective fraction to them. Through a chemical analysis by CLUE (ultra-efficiency liquid chromatography) performed on samples EMC, EME and EME9, 7 major compounds were identified, all already described in the literature for the genus Diaporthe, where the compound fomoxantone A is the one to be present in larger quantity and in all analyzed samples. The crude extracts EMC and EME and the EME9 fraction showed phytotoxic activity in the bioassays performed in this study, inhibiting the growth of wheat coleoptiles, roots and aerial parts of the target species and sesame root metaxylem cells. Thus, compounds identified in the extracts of Diaporthe phaseolorum show promise in the study of their bioactivities, since studies with the species related to this bioactivities are scarce in the literature.
A saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores sob o viés da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07) Tavares, Thiago Daniel Ribeiro; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5722569096598322
From an STS perspective, and underpinned by Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens´ theory of the Risk Society, this study aims to reflect on their potential to support the implementation of national and international public policies and the creation of norms that seek the health and safety of workers . For this purpose, we bring Brazilian and Portuguese legislation, directives from the European Union (EU) and Conventions of the International Labor Organization (ILO) as evidence of the implementation of this protection. The starting point is that in the corporate environment, managers are increasingly aware of the relevance of quality of life and the need to develop and apply better conditions for the well-being of workers. The issue of safety in the work environment is an important factor, highlighting that by being in a safe and well-kept environment, the risks of accidents and occupational diseases are minimized. The duty of care regarding the physical and mental integrity of employees is the company's obligation, through its managers. It is important to remember that investments in the area of work safety are compensated according to the productivity gains of employees, improving working conditions and realizing the important role of Science and Technology for the implementation and organization of a balanced work environment, development, manufacture and certification of EPI and EPC. Thus, due to the great advances in technology associated with the improvement of education, the requirements regarding working conditions have changed, that is, what was previously tolerated has now become unacceptable, forcing the State to constantly create and update its laws. Proof of this is that with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need for reinvention, implementing the need for social and physical distancing and consequent adaptation of the working environment. For that, the Ministerial for Labor, International Labor Organization and Organization Health World Cup had an extremely important role in the risk assessment, creating urgent solutions and guidelines to prevent the spread of the disease and ensuring the safety of workers adopted not only in Brazil but throughout the world.
Quando a pauta é representação, vale mais identidades ou empreendedorismo de si? uma análise de youtubers negro(a/e)s brasileiro(a/e)s
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-10-07) Anjos, Ana Carolina Costa dos; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6086286587052232
In the context of the Internet, after the 2010, subjects act as their own entrepreneurs on digital platforms. Terms such as representation and identity start to be appropriated and re-signified in the processes of consumption and production of digital content. Although in smaller numbers, people racialized as black consume and produce in this space of representation and do so, sometimes, undertaking their black identities. At the interface of Digital Sociology, Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations and Cultural Studies this research seeks to answer the following question: "What has guided the construction of the discourses of Black Brazilian youtubers?" And has as its general objective to understand the processes of discourse construction of black people who are Brazilian youtubers, between the years 2015-2020. The qualitative approach study adopted a set of methods and procedures and proposes the use of the culture circuit, along with digital ethnography, to make the assembly of the research object. As an analysis procedure to work the discourses employs some of the theoretical methodological assumptions of Michel Foucault already incorporating the criticisms made by Stuart Hall. Seven channels of black youtubers were selected: “Nátaly Neri - Afros e Afins”; “Gabi Oliveira-DePretas”; “Muro Pequeno”; “10Ocupados”; “Canal do Pericão”; “Etnia Brasileira” and “Fernando Holiday”, that altogether they produced 1.697 videos and posted them on the YouTube platform, during the period of analysis. All of them declare themselves black (black and brown); they are participants of the YouTube Partnership Program (they monetize with the production of content); most of them have already been invited or selected for some project on the platform; they have more than 100 thousand subscribers on the channel (two of them have more than a million) and somehow talk about racial issues in their videos. The data are analyzed by socio-historical context and themes that emerged in the field, among which I highlight: the processes of digital education and media literacy; critical racial literacy; the dispute of the category 'brown' and 'black'; lexicons with 'place of speech' and 'experience' in a logic of surveillance and punitivism; representation and tokenism; agency of anger; right to opacity; the house of men and the house of difference. Thus, by undertaking themselves and their black identities they end up generating representations about what it is to be a black person who is also a university student, artist, homosexual, digital influencer or politician, making them with lexicons and aesthetics proper to the techno-mediated public sphere. These are digital strategies for the construction of new regimes of representation that value what has been denied, but since it is about representation there are no guarantees.