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Uso de energia fotovoltaica em edificações de grande porte: estudo de caso do Centro de Cultura e Eventos da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Quito, Mateus dos Santos; Barreto, Douglas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369326190168139; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740449959675136
This paper presents an study about the energetic potential of the Culture and Events Center of Federal University of São Carlos, from the photovoltaic system instalation to introduce na alternative to the energy generation and contribute to decrease of energy expanses of the Brazilian public sector. The research involved the use of software such as SunData from CRESESB (Center of References for solar and Wind Energy Sérgio de S. Brito) to obtain data such as solar irradiation and GoogleMaps to obtain the coordinates and finally, the PVsyst for sizing the system beyond technical visits and obtaining measurements through the architectural project, culminating in a photovoltaic system of approximately 383kW of installed power. The result was a system capable of generating approximately 563MWh of energy per year, which represents around 4% of the UFSCar energy demand. Finally, a financial analysis amount for the system implemantation was performed and it was found that it would be possible to return the R$ 2.112.600,00 invested in approximately 6 years, considering the actual energy tariff. With this study, it is expected that it will be possible to move towards economic and environmental sustainability and contribute to the transformation of the UFSCar Campus into an urban power plant.
Aumento da produção de fenazina-1-ácido carboxílico em E. coli: efeito da superexpressão dos genes tktA e ppsA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Altmann, Daniel Lossa; Silva, Adilson José da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6450150004299528
Secondary metabolites known as phenazines are nitrogenated aromatic compounds produced particularly by the bacterium genera Pseudomonas and Streptomyces, with applications in fields like biological pest control and biosensors development, for instance. Their biosynthesis starts from chorismate, the final product of the shikimate pathway. Current studies to optimize their production rely on natural producers, but these organisms are generally pathogenic or show low productivities. In this study, the enzymes transketolase A (TktA) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (PpsA), which act in the formation of primary precursors of the shikimate pathway, were overexpressed in E. coli aiming to the heterologous synthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), the precursor of other phenazines. The tktA and ppsA genes were individually and combinatorically cloned on the pRSM4 plasmid, which was transformed into E. coli parental cells QH4 (ΔtyrA, ΔpheA), with the plasmid pETM7_phzABGFCDE (carrying the genes previously cloned from P. aeruginosa for PCA biosynthesis). All the strains were cultivated in baffled flasks, TB medium supplemented with 2% of glycerol, at 30 ºC, and 220 rpm, induced by IPTG 1mM. PCA and glycerol concentration were determined by HPLC, while the biomass was monitored by optical density readings of the culture broth. The highest PCA titers reached were 209 mg/L (ppsA individually overexpressed), 763 mg/L (tktA individually overexpressed), 523 mg/L (tktA and ppsA in monocistronic assembly), 628 mg/L (tktA and ppsA pseudo-operon assembly), and 275 mg/L (parental strain). Taken together, these results showed that the overexpression of TktA led to a great improvement of PCA production in E. coli, without affecting cellular growth. On the other hand, the overexpression of PpsA reduced the PCA titer and impaired cellular growth.
Modelos baseados em agentes e aplicações em engenharia ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Fabiano, Denner Augusto de Barros; Ferreira, Iuri Emmanuel de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5965827433093415; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3089875379101027
Recently, computational models (CMs) have gained more notoriety in Engineering. This highlight is mainly due to the growing search for methods that minimize the time, resources, and costs, usually spent on empirical tests. The focus was to explore and present computational simulation methods applied in Environmental Engineering, focused on Cellular Automata (ACs) and Agent-Based Models (MBAs). As a practical motivation, an example of MBA to simulate the nectar foraging of Apis mellifera L. bees in different environments (landscapes) was introduced. The comparative analysis considered aspects such as the flight pattern, the frequency of dances (signaling rate), the rate of recruitment, resting and nectar collection. We built different landscapes through by varying parameters associated with the floral arrangements, such as the number of fragments (NF), the fragment density (D, flowers per m2), the quality of the resource (sweetness) and the maximum quantity of flowers per fragment (QF). The algorithm has been implemented in R language and distributed the software in an open-source package to promote the use of the technology. The program allows the composition of different floral landscapes and the evaluation of the spatiotemporal dynamics in each simulated scenario.
Avaliação da disponibilidade de fósforo em fertilizantes encapsulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Costa, Cibeli Lira; Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4258430184638011
The concentration of gradient diffusion was used as a passive sampling technique to mimic the physicochemical adsorption of P by plant roots. For this purpose, a binding gel was synthesized from agarose, polyacrylamide, and anionic resin. The validation tests of the synthesized binding gel showed homogeneity and resistance to handling, linear binding capacity, up to 50 mg P L-1 eluted with acidic solutions, elution factor close to 1.0, and costs equivalent to 2% of the commercial binding gel that employs ferrihydrite in commercial diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT®). The fertilizer was evaluated by a greenhouse experiment using the conventional diffusion method with a plant as an indicator. Samples of fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, MAP) coated with polyurethane resin from 2 up to 8% by mass were obtained and presented good adhesion to the surface of the synthesized granules. The release rate was assessed by planting ryegrass (Lolium perenne) followed by palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã) as extractors of available P. Characteristic slow release nutrient absorption profiles were obtained with the addition of MAP coated with polyurethane resin at 8.0% by weight, and opposite profiles, with faster and prompt release for plants, with the addition of uncoated MAP and with coatings from same resin, but with smaller thickness and lower quality of surface coating of the granules. It is noteworthy that for the studied cultures, a mixture of MAP fertilizers with coatings at 0 (without coating) and 8% in equal parts of P met the nutritional needs of the plants, with balanced growth and dry matter yield being observed throughout the experiment.
Desenvolvimento de vitrocerâmicos transparentes resistentes ao impacto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Fabris, Débora Cristina Niero; Villas-Bôas, Mariana de Oliveira Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4651913012214036; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6083-8281; Zanotto, Edgar Dutra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-4505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7792648808764804; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-9214
Transparent glass-ceramics (GCs) can replace glasses traditionally used as ballistic windows and electronic displays due to their better mechanical properties. This improvement is obtained by the crystallization of phases with better mechanical properties and/or by stresses induced by the phases. In this doctoral thesis, bulk-crystallized GCs from MgO.Al2O3.SiO2 system - MAS - and surface-crystalized GCs from Li2O.Al2O3.SiO2 system - LAS - with a low thermal coefficient phase were developed. The parent glasses were melted, cast into copper moulds and subsequently controlled crystallized. TiO2 e CeO2 were added to the MAS to reduce the time for nucleation and maintain transparency. The MAS glass-ceramics obtained up to 10 GPa of hardness and approximately 70% of light transmission (4 mm thickness). These values are similar to glass-ceramics developed for the same application. The 1.5% addition of TiO2 reduced the nucleation time from 72h to 8h, and the obtained hardness was up to 9 GPa. For LAS glass-ceramics, the β-spodumene surface crystallized layer led to the compression stress of ~400 MPa, according to analytical and finite element methods (FEM), with up to 3% of error. The failure stress on the biaxial flexure Ball-on-Three-Balls test (B3B) increased from 180 MPa to 680 MPa with a 56 μm layer. The material demonstrated suppression of radial cracks in the indentation and scratch tests and absorbed 14x higher energy than parent glass in Charpy impact tests. The dynamic fatigue tests in MAS and LAS glasses and glass-ceramics demonstrated that crystallization enhances subcritical crack growth (n). Parent glasses showed n-coefficient values from 10 to 21, while GCs was from 17 to 56. The GCs studied in this thesis are promising materials for their application based on mechanical properties and transparency.
Modelagem de distribuição presente, passada e futura de cactos Mandacaru da Diagonal Seca da América do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Oliveira, João Victor Mendonça de; Franco, Fernando de Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5290956002281250; Amaral, Danilo Trabuco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1962677068147121; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7796371594968885
The influence of paleoclimates on current population dynamics and geographic distribution of living organisms is widely recognized, as well as the influence of anthropogenic activities on future climate. Closely related species, with a wide spatial distribution and associated with different biomes, have great value for biogeographic and ecological studies, such as the case of the species that belong to the genus Cereus Mill. The genus belongs to the Cactaceae family (Caryophyllales order) and is divided into four subgenera, including its namesake Cereus, which has four main evolutionary lineages, including Clade A1, which includes seven species of Cereus. In the present work, a survey of occurrence records of Clade A1 species was carried out to infer projections of geographic distribution in the present, past and future, using data on climatic variables (temperature, precipitation and soil) available in open databases as input to perform Species Distribution Modelling (SDM), using MaxEnt software. The results of the paleomodelling carried out for five of the seven species of the genus, due to the insufficient number of points recovered for the two remaining ones, showed a great influence of the climatic events of the Quaternary in their distribution. Other possible factors, such as soil composition for Cereus hexagonus and Cereus jamacaru, Tertiary tectonic pulses for Cereus hildmannianus, and physical barriers (river and mountain range) for Cereus stenogonus, may also have influenced the species distribution. Future models for Cereus bicolor, C. hexagonus, C. jamacaru and C. stenogonus showed expansion in the distribution of the species, which are inserted in dry biomes or intense dry periods, while for C. hildmannianus, which is inserted in the humid biome of the Atlantic Forest, a retraction in its distribution was detected, which may suggest future processes of aridification in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon and Pantanal regions. Such results may suggest the expansion of aridification and desertification processes in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Pantanal and Caatinga biomes. Thus, it is concluded that abiotic variables of climate and soil of the Quaternary had a strong influence on the distribution of Clade A1 species. In addition, the study showed that anthropic activities could alter the future distribution of the dry and wet biomes of South America, and it contributes to conservation actions and decision-making by conservation area managers.
Os cromossomos sexuais como fonte geradora de diferenciação genética. O gênero Pyrrhulina (Characiformes, Lebiasinidae) como modelo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Ferreira, Pedro Henrique Narciso; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3718742519898664
Allopatric processes are generally considered among the main causes of the striking Neotropical biodiversity. However, the role of chromosomal rearrangements and neo-sex chromosomes in genetic diversity and speciation remains still little investigated. Here, we aimed to infer the relative contribution of allopatry, chromosomal rearrangements, and sex chromosomes to genetic divergence in five Pyrrhulina species using population genomic analyses coupled with cytogenetic data. Our results highlighted that the distribution of the genetic diversity is consistent with their chromosomal and geographical data and was mainly influenced by long-distance allopatry. The results of PCoA indicated a clear clustering of species located in the same geographical region, except for P. semifasciata, that is in sympatry with P. brevis. In fastStructure K=4 result, only P. australis and P. marilynae were grouped, and with K=3 P. obermulleri and P. brevis were further combined. In this case, geographically close species showed genetically similarity, indicating speciation mechanisms that are largely dependent of allopatry. The effect of allopatry also were amplified when coupled with the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements, as observed for P. marilynae, the species with highly rearranged karyotype (2n=32). Besides, the genetic structure analyzes indicated great differentiation in P. semifasciata, suggesting that the presence of the X1X2Y sex chromosome system, exclusively present in individuals of this species, caused high genetic differentiation and showing that such effect was significant even in sympatry. In summary, the distribution of genetic diversity among the analyzed species is mainly influenced long-distance allopatry, but the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements, especially the sex-related ones contributed to the fixation of genetic differences which may lead to reproductive isolation and a consequent speciation process within the genus
On-line FTIR spectroscopy system for extrusion-based process analysis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Barros Junior, Lucivan Pereira; Maia, João Manuel Luís Lopes; Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9537104036249937
Polymer processing is a fundamental key to achieve the desired properties to reach the needs of polymer applications. Thus, it is important to understand how the processing can contribute to material characteristics during the extrusion, while they are being processed. That is why this work propose a method able to perform analyses of the material while it is being processed during the extrusion: the on-line Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic system. The system consists of a device that was designed to be able to couple a commercial infrared spectrometer to an twin-screw extruder. On-line FTIR measurements can be done in different locations along the extruder barrel. Pearson VII function was used improving the linearity of mixture composition, which is proposed by Beer-Lambert’s law, by around 14% when compared to the traditional methods. Polymer blends of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) at different weight composition ratio were used to validate the on-line system during extrusion. The area ratio between the IR bands at 1640 cm−1 (υC=O) and 1373 cm−1 (σC-H3) were measured on-line for all the blend compositions and shown to be in good agreement with off-line measurements. When the reactive blending of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene grafted with acrylic acid (PP-g-AA) (in blends of 80%/20% and 30/70% of PP-g-AA and PA6, respectively) was investigated along the extruder length, a increase of the IR band area ratio (1640/1373 cm−1) was achieved when the process condition aggressiveness in mixing was improved due to the generation of fresh interface between the two phases, as it is shown through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Trough on-line FTIR measurements it was possible to visualize the development of the reactive blending reaction of PP-g- AA/PA6 blends inside the extruder. For example, different process conditions lead to the same or different amount of reaction (IR area ratio 1640/1373 cm−1) at the end of the extruder, but they follow different rates and times.
Mercado de trabalho e formação profissional nas perspectivas empresarial, institucional e de egressos de um curso de ensino superior privado em administração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Bueno, Leonor Cristina; Nascimento, Manoel Nelito Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4486910967478337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5121523557793517
The quality of higher education is increasingly questioned by the labor market. The degree in administration is one of the most sought-after courses and one of those with the highest number of graduates. The execution of this study is directly related to the need to analyze and understand the intertwined relationship between higher education and the labor market, which demands more and more behavioral skills of professionals seeking to enter the corporate environment. Based on this evidence, this dissertation aims to analyze the skills that permeate the relationship among higher education, especially in the administration course, the job market and the professional who moves through these bonds. To support the analysis, it was necessary to research the laws that regulate higher education, the history of education in Brazil, as well as understanding the labor market and how skills are considered in this professional environment. The research was carried out in a city of São Paulo’s countryside, Campinas region, and for better understanding, internet interviews were carried out with human resources (HR) professionals, with the coordinators of the administration course in the face-to-face and distance learning (EaD) modalities, as well as with graduates of that course in both modalities. The interview conducted with HR professionals showed that the market has difficulty finding professionals prepared with both technical and behavioral skills required by the position. The coordinators of the administration course reported that professionals trained at the institution complete the course prepared for the market, because students develop integrated projects that are articulated with theory and practice, enabling them to develop technical and attitudinal/ behavioral skills required by the market, and that some of them already work even before graduating, which is evidenced by internship reports. The result of the interview with the graduates also corroborates their satisfaction with the administration course, in line with the result of the national student performance exam (ENADE) for that course, as they consider that behavioral skills contribute to their development and preparation for the job market. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the understanding of this relationship – between higher education and the labor market –, as well as support new studies that may arise on the subject.
Comparação entre o método MAXVER e Random Forest na identificação de Pinus sp. em áreas de campo úmido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Moreira, Mateus Gomes; Molin, Paulo Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3774930345276275
In Brazil, Pinus sp. is a very common invasive plant and has an excellent adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions in the Southeast and South regions of the country, especially in wet field areas. As an invasive plant, it can cause the exclusion of native species through competition, causing a loss of biodiversity and even changes in the structure of the ecosystem. Therefore, having tools that help in planning the mitigation of environmental impacts caused by these species is very important. Among these tools is Remote Sensing, which can identify and locate exotic and invasive plant individuals. Thus, the present work aimed to use very high resolution multispectral images to test and compare the MAXVER and Random Forest (RF) classifiers through a confusion matrix, more specifically, the Kappa Index, to understand which one has the best performance in the identification of isolated individuals of Pinus sp. in wet field areas. To do that, 5 classes were created, "Pinus" (Pinus sp.), "Nao_Pinus" (indicating all the remaining components of the landscape that do not fit into the other classes), "Agua" (indicating places with water, such as lakes, for example), “Solo” (indicating exposed soil) and “Sombra” (indicating shady locations), with which the two classifiers were performed using a 4-band image composition (NIR, Red Edge, Red and Green). Then, 500 random points were created, divided equally by each class, carrying the information of its classification performed by the classifiers and the one performed manually, this one taken as real. From this information, the Confusion Matrix was constructed, obtaining the Kappa Index. Both were classified as having moderate agreement, being MAXVER with an index of 0.5023 and RF with an index of 0.5264. Observing these values, noticed that RF showed greater agreement than MAXVER and, consequently, among these two classifiers, RF is suggested being better for the presented purpose, under the methodology used. It is noteworthy that, in addition to MAXVER and Random Forest, other classifiers can be used to identify individuals of Pinus sp. and other species, which may even show better performance for this purpose.
Ação de um fungicida cúprico no crescimento de uma macrófita aquática flutuante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-11-11) Zago, Caroline Fernanda Santarpio; Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9801714400824527
Due to their high productivity and contribution to nutrients and carbon cycling, the functional performance by aquatic macrophytes communities has been widely discussed, since these organisms can directly influence the metabolism of limnic ecosystems, as lakes and reservoirs. This study determined the primary aquatic production (i.e., the growth of a floating aquatic macrophyte) to diagnose how substances from human activities (i.e., emerging contaminants) can cause aquatic environment contamination and affect aquatic macrophytes primary aquatic production. Thus, this study followed the interference caused in Ricciocarpus natans growth (floating species) when exposed to two different concentrations (2.5 e 5.0%) of a fungicide called Bordeaux mixture. When in contact with different fungicide concentrations, R. natans presented a significant negative impact on their growth in comparison with the individuals in the control treatment; besides not being able to reproduce. The application of the logistic model was only possible in the data obtained from the growth of R. natans in the control bioassays, as there was an accumulated growth in length in these treatments. The values obtained for μ (growth coefficient) were 0.027 ± 0.004 (control of the test conducted with 2.5% Bordeaux mixture) and 0.035 ± 0.003 day-1 (control of the test performed with 5.0% Bordeaux mixture). The individuals in the Bordeaux mixture bioassays showed chlorosis losing their ability to carry out photosynthesis. The mathematical modeling presented the individuals accumulated growth in concentrations declined, showing, a negative impact caused by Bordeaux mixture on the macrophyte. Based on the results found, the contact between this fungicide and the aquatic macrophyte presented a negative impact both in primary production and in reproduction.