Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2021-12-02"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 12 de 12

As interfaces entre sofrimento psíquico e gênero: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Barros, Iara Rocha; Depole, Bárbara de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5911008362015146; Ferigato, Sabrina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6971835620091654
Gender is not characterized only as something purely biological, because it determines roles, experiences and symbolic ways in which individuals must present themselves to the world and are identified by it. Gender relations produce and reproduce hierarchical and asymmetrical practices which determines the inferiority of women in different spheres of their daily lives, restricting their access to work, culture, control over their own bodies and decision-making. These unequal relations can cause situations of violence and conflicts, generating suffering and psychological illness to them. Considering that the impact of mental illness and suffering in everyday life causes a rupture in people's lives, this undergraduate thesis aims to research Brazilian productions on psychological suffering and gender, to identify the main subjects that make up this theme and analyze studies through a scope review. The scope review consists of a mapping of what is relevant in the literature with the objective of summarising the knowledge of the investigated topic. The research question was: “What do studies in Portuguese bring about women’s mental health?” and the database was the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), with the descriptors “(saúde mental) OR (sofrimento psíquico) AND (mulheres)”. A total of 59 articles were selected for analysis. The quantitative results refered to: the date that the articles were published, the geographic location, the health service involved in the research and whether the article was an intervention experience report or a statistical aspect about the diagnosis and psychological distress of women. About the qualitative results, the following main themes were found: the family and work routine, the social determinants of difference combined with gender being: race, ethnicity, social class, sexuality and gender identity and the suffering as a result of illnesses. It is concluded that there are many factors related to women's psychic suffering which may have sociocultural influences. Another point found was that the vast majority of publications focused on suffering factors as opposed to care strategies.
Capacitação em boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos como ferramenta para a educação sanitária: revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Traldi Junior, José Sérgio; Silva, Geovani Gurgel Aciole da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6146469366214279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1051904975977743
The Sanitary Surveillance of food is understood in the SUS and presents a fundamental role to ensure the quality of food consumed by the population and consequently in the prevention of foodborne diseases. In this context, health education through training in good handling practices for food handlers is an important tool for health prevention, protection and promotion. The aim of the study is to present results in relation to training in good food handling practices, discussing the results, reporting potentialities and limits based on previous experiences and proposing an educational intervention. This is a qualitative and descriptive research, developed from the systematic review of studies that addressed health education through training in good food handling practices of employees working in the food area. Based on the problem and hypotheses, an inquiring question was elaborated and the Matrix of PICOS was constructed that comprises the population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), outcome (O) and type of study (S). Subsequently, searches were performed in the health databases using DeCS related to the PICOS matrix, and a total of 203 studies were found, of which 25 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The systematization of the selected studies began with the construction of a visualization matrix and later the data analysis through registration and elaboration of analytical matrix. The studies were grouped according to the similarities and discrepancies and through the floating reading a reflection was carried out on the evidence pointed out in the experiences of training in good practices of food manipulation and connection with reality in the municipal Sanitary Surveillance. The discussion was divided into 4 thematic nuclei: importance of educational intervention in the hygienic-sanitary quality of food; good handling practices; training in good handling practices; knowledge x behavior change. It can be observed that training is a very important tool to qualify handlers and presents promising results. Although there is still no consensus on the ideal didactic model to use during these educational interventions and not all of them demonstrated positive results, it is noted that the different techniques used showed interesting results and should be considered to stimulate health education and consequently promote food security. Thus, the present work seeks to present evidence that may be important for the construction of educational interventions aimed at food handlers.
Das margens: formações transgressivas em El juguete rabioso de Roberto Arlt e em Jubiabá de Jorge Amado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Figueiredo Filho, Guilherme Barbosa Gomes; Grotto, Livia Fernanda de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3351975483715302; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7923487514826233
El presente estudio propone una lectura comparada de las novelas El juguete rabioso, de Roberto Arlt, publicado en 1926, y Jubiabá, de Jorge Amado, publicado en 1935, atendiendo a la construcción de acciones narradas en el campo de la marginalidad. En primer lugar, delineo las vidas y relaciones establecidas en las biografías de los autores, examinando las características que influyen en las lecturas de las obras en la actualidad. Entre las técnicas literarias utilizadas, examino, en el segundo capítulo, el espacio como elemento que caracteriza y articula las sensibilidades de los protagonistas, Silvio Astier e Antonio Balduino respectivamente, en medio del tránsito y de las distintas interacciones sociales. Teniendo en cuenta que estas son novelas de formación, en el próximo momento, investigo los modelos de conducta de estos personajes, resaltando la heterogénea cantidad de referencias estéticas y culturales que entran en contacto y cómo reaccionan desde el punto de vista de los afectos para, de hecho, constituir su aprendizaje transgresor. Destaco, en el cuarto capítulo, mis consideraciones sobre dinámicas contradictorias o incómodas en las constituciones de Astier y Balduíno como sujetos.
Desenvolvimento de um ambiente de simulação para um robô bípede controlado por contrapeso com movimento linear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Zanette, Cícero Luiz Alves; Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0946440573566887
Bipedal robots are machines capable of performing some tasks that are considerably complicated for other robots, such as climbing stairs and overcoming small obstacles, while occupying a relatively small support area. Generally, this type of machine is controlled using a so-called pendulum movement, in which the robot swings from side to side to maintain its center of mass within the support area. This requires that the robot trajectory planning also take into account its balance, which makes the project more complex. In the present work, we sought to build a simulation environment in SIMULINK for a robot whose balance was done separately from the stride through a counterweight, making the two movements independent. The developed environment was considered well-representative through a quasi-static simulation, but the development of the control proved to be more complex than planned and it was not possible to implement it, even so, the program will allow that future works in this area can be developed more quickly due to the no need to build a prototype.
Características sociodemográficas, de saúde e de cuidados que influenciam a qualidade do sono de idosos cuidadores de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Santos, Kelly Cristina dos; Santos-Orlandi, Ariene Angelini dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1334146454214813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4062071438592953
Background: poor sleep quality can be considered an important public health problem, due to its high prevalence among older adults and the negative effects on affected individuals’ well being. When it comes to older adults caring for other older adults, poor sleep quality can compromise the care provided, especially in contexts of high social vulnerability. Thus, through the early identification of this condition and its related factors, interventions can be planned in order to reduce spending on health services and improve the quality of life of these individuals. Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic, health and context-related characteristics of care according to the quality of sleep of older adults who care for older adults. Method: an observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out with 65 old caregivers, in the coverage area of five Family Health Units in a context of high social vulnerability in the city of São Carlos, SP. Data were collected at participants’ homes through the application of questionnaires for sociodemographic, health and care context characterization, sleep quality assessment, depressive symptoms screening, functional capacity assessment for Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Fisher’s Exact and Pearson’s χ2 were used. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: old female caregivers predominated, aged 60 to 74 years, with low education and insufficient income, with multimorbidity, without depressive symptoms, independent for basic activities and partially dependent for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. They took care of their spouses, did not have training or help from other people to take care of them. Approximately 74% of them had poor sleep. There was a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and sex (p=0.002), functional capacity for Basic Activities of Daily Living (p=0.003) and daily time spent in care (p=0.024). Conclusion: old female caregivers, who are dependent on basic activities of daily living and who perform the task of caring for more than 12 hours, are a major source of poor sleep and sleep disorders.
Promoção de felicidade em pessoas idosas: um caminho possível de ser trilhado por terapeutas ocupacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Silva, Beatriz Borges; Castro, Milena Izaura de; Valente Santos, Claudia Aline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549538623306169; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9778239082105717; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7183555876302280
Several studies claim that better levels of Happiness, measured by the construct of Subjective Well-Being (BES), are associated with better health and greater longevity. The literature also points out that carrying out intentional activities contributes to better states of BES. Considering the increase in life expectancy and the population aging projected for the coming years, it is important and necessary that societies, highlighting Occupational Therapy professionals, seek strategies that promote Healthy Aging, with better levels of satisfaction with life, as well as the creation of programs of activities that promote the Happiness of elderly people. The objective of this work was to describe the path taken to get to know the existing production and learn the proposition of a program of activities that promote Happiness in elderly people. For that, two activities will be described, being a first integrative literature review study to identify and characterize the production of articles about intentional programs of activities to promote the Happiness of elderly people, and an extension project practice in which it was possible to participate in the realization of a proposal for a program of intentional activities for the promotion and maintenance of Happiness. The results of the path were the accomplishment of a Scientific Initiation, an extension project, an oral presentation, by the professor, of the data found in the Scientific Initiation for a Congress of Mental Health and Cognition and this completion of course work.
Investigando a segurança de estudantes de pedagogia para ensinar ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Paladini, Mariana Antero; Galletti, Rebeca Chiacchio Azevedo Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1165657786360823; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2022521201310621
Historically, the mandatory teaching of science in the early years in Brazil can be considered recent. Currently, when entering the classroom in the early years of elementary school, the pedagogue should be able to work with specific knowledge of all the areas designated in the mandatory school curriculum, including Nature Sciences. For this, the teacher needs to have a minimum understanding of these areas, and, with this knowledge at his or her disposal, be able to critically interpret, select, adapt, evaluate, and build a new understanding of topics in Natural Sciences together with the student. Self-confidence is an important variable for the teacher to achieve his or her goals in the classroom. Within this scope, we seek, from the virtual monitoring of the subject "CIÊNCIAS: conteúdos e seu ensino", to answer the following question: Do Pedagogy students enrolled in the course "CIÊNCIAS: conteúdos e seu ensino" feel comfortable to teach science in the early years of elementary school? To answer this question, we sought to achieve the following general objective: identify the factors interfering in the self-confidence of Pedagogy students to approach topics of Nature Sciences in the early years of elementary school, aiming to subsidize the improvement of the initial formation of teachers to teach Nature Sciences in the early years of elementary school. The data was collected through questionnaires using Google Forms and Thematic Forums held in the Virtual Learning Environment of UFSCar (AVA - moodle platform). We observed the contribution of the students' memories of school experiences in the construction of their conceptions of science, scientist and their relation with science teaching, along with their feeling of security or insecurity when approaching topics of Natural Sciences in the classroom. On the other hand, we noticed that among the several factors that contribute to the confidence of these teachers, the main one is the fact that they can critically analyze their experiences, them being good or bad, and thus build their theoretical repertoire of specific knowledge and pedagogical practices, and mainly realize that they are able to do this throughout their continuous process of teacher education.
Terapia ocupacional social e infâncias: essa interface na produção e na visão da Rede Metuia - Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Tinti, Júlia Meirelles; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1002167589413494
Introduction: Academic studies on children and childhood initially focused on understanding child development and the processes that lead to adulthood, based on strongly neuropsychobiological perspectives. In recent decades, a production that seeks to apprehend children as a social actor, protagonist of their own history, has been growing, composing a set of sociocultural studies that come to designate “infancy”. In occupational therapy, however, studies with sociocultural approaches are still scarce. In terms of social occupational therapy, little is found specifically aimed at childhood, even though children are a very relevant segment when it comes to social vulnerability and poverty in Brazil, focuses of this sub-area. The main materials found in this context document interventions carried out in the early years of the Metuia Project. Objective: To identify and understand the place occupied by childhood, especially children in situations of social vulnerability, in studies and interventions carried out by the social occupational therapy branch, especially those arising from the Metuia Network in Brazil. Development: In addition to the literature review, the material collected in twelve interviews carried out with coordinators and researchers of the Metuia Centers throughout Brazil allowed an apprehension of the reasons for the relative absence of poor children in the actions of these Centers, where poor youth stand out. Discussion: Among the main reasons, there is the theoretical-practical baggage brought from the training received at the Metuia UFSCar Nucleus, where all the coordinators went and which is a pioneer in working with youth in occupational therapy in general. Likewise, it is pointed out that the emphasis given to youths stems from the fact that they occupy a non-place in front of the experiences and references brought by occupational therapy, where, on the other hand, childhoods receive greater prominence, especially in the areas of development and domains. of health; however, these do not address social issues such as cultural diversity, poverty and vulnerability, citizenship, among other issues that are mostly addressed by social occupational therapy. Thus, professionals who turn to the demands of childhood, from a social therapeutic-occupational perspective, would need to articulate more specific references. On the other hand, although the interventions carried out do not focus on children, they are and/or appear in the most common spaces of practice, territories/communities, community centers, living spaces, often becoming a contact, a link, a “gateway” for teams to access other subjects. As possible social therapeutic-occupational actions to be carried out with childhoods, collective actions, individual and institutional follow-ups were mentioned, as well as articulations in the political dimension, but which cannot refrain from giving due attention to the singularities of children in their different realities.Conclusion: Through this study, it was possible to perceive that childhoods, especially those in a situation of social vulnerability, are not totally distant from discussions of social occupational therapy and the Metuia Network, since the demands that concern them touch their productions so far; in addition, it was also identifiable that this is a topic of current interest to some researchers, although in a more individual way, adding perspectives for conducting studies and interventions.
Sistema de controle automatizado de baixo custo para irrigação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Roston, Eduardo Santucci; França, Celso Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547836128892982; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9369954459905405
Automated irrigation systems, whether for commercial or residential purposes, are widely implemented with the aim of automating a recurrent task, in this case watering plants and crops, and for the smart use of water resources. This type of system is very prevalent in more developed countries, such as the USA, but the high price for its installation ends up becoming a financial barrier for many, especially in poorer countries like Brazil. The present work aims to develop one of the main components used in this type of system, the irrigation controller, responsible for coordinating the irrigation routines as well as switching the water flow to different irrigation areas, but with the difference of being an Open-Source and Open-Hardware low-cost controller. This controller has the objective of being a more cost-effective alternative, if compared to commercial competitors, aiming at the access of a larger public to this type of technology. The controller in question is an embedded system based on the Open-Source Arduino platform, using the ATmega328p microcontroller. It is composed of two printed circuit boards (PCB) operating together, the "Control Module", responsible for system control and automation of irrigation routines, and the "Driver Module", responsible for switching solenoid valves to allow water flow. At the end of the development of this work, it was verified that the main objective was reached, the developed controller presents a total cost significantly lower than that of commercial similar ones without sacrificing the main functions offered by higher price solutions.
A profissionalidade dos(as) diretores(as) escolares em tempos de Nova Gestão Pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Bertochi, Patrícia Ribeiro Tempesta; Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2347100141868742
The objective of this research was to investigate the process of construction of the professionality of principal teacher facing the complexity of the school and the growing role of the so-called New Public Management (NGP). With the democratization of access to education, the advances and setbacks in the teaching career, as changes in the social function of the school and pressures from neoliberal reformist policies and its managerial version of administration, the professionality of the principal teacher began to be built based on a new dynamic. In Brazil, in the 1990s, the NGP was instituted having the supposed professionalization of public servants as one of its principles. From this perspective, the professionalization of teaching takes on a new guise, using a neotechnicist rhetoric supported by concepts of competence, efficiency and effectiveness, depoliticizing as actions, materialized in an intensification of work (hyperbureaucratization) and in the loss of control over it, separating planners and executors, delegitimizing and disqualifying the performance of teaching professionals, giving rise to a process of proletarianization. This ideological bias turns professionals into salaried and bureaucratized specialists, subject to large bureaucratic associations. The repercussion of this process causes a great value load on teaching professionals, since they are responsible for the realization of the right to education. In the midst of this context, a research question is: How has the professionality of principal teacher been built? This role of principal is based on two principles: acting as a representative of the State and the school team, and acting as an advance representative in the institution. However, empirical studies on the principal teacher have not been done in light of the educational nature of this role. The director's graduation portrays an identity fragility, in addition to the lack of continued training. Professionality is a powerful concept in the understanding of the function, in opposition to the neotechnicist rhetoric of professionalization, as it encompasses other constituent elements of work: knowledge, ideology, attitude, epistemological and intellectual posture in relation to professional practice, skills, procedures, culture and psychological conditions. To investigate it, three data collection instruments were used: a questionnaire on the Pedagogical Work Schedule of Principals, in the context of which there was an episode of continuing education offered to principals of the researched education network; a semi-structured interview and an open interview. Data were analyzed in two moments. First, in the section that deals with advances and obstacles in the process of institution of the function, comparing studies on the effects of neoliberal reason and NGP in the function, with the perceptions that principals have about it. In a second moment, the analysis of four characteristics of the principals' professionality was carried out: competence, specificity of the function and of their knowledge, autonomy and belonging to a collective body. In the dimension of the function's specificity, a framework was elaborated with what we call nuances of the principals' professionality, namely: State representative (managerial and/or proletarianized action) and/or advanced pair. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the principals' professionality assumes a substrate composed of elements arising from the change in the exercise of their function, increasingly removed from its educational nature, making it difficult for the principal to have a more intellectual and critical performance.
Projeto mecânico de uma estação base de baixo custo para rastreamento de satélites
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Costa, Bruno Henrique Correa da; Malavolta, Alexandre Tácito; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8477313173581967; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6000340143938733
Advances in the telecommunications area through the use of satellites, an artificial equipment that orbit the planet, led to the emergence of technological innovations that allowed greater connectivity between people and equipment. The development of telecommunications satellites and the associated infrastructure requires high technical and financial resources. In this scenario, the present work aims to develop a mechanical design of a low cost base station for tracking, focusing on the rotor and its electromechanical components. For that, first the technical specifications and the literary search on existing solutions were raised for later elaboration of the conceptual project. Thus, the selection of components, such as stepper motors, control drivers, shafts, gears and bearings, was carried out, as well as the conception of their technical drawings for manufacturing. Thus, at the end of the work, the necessary details were delivered to assist in the future construction of a prototype, in order to carry out movement and control tests and evaluate the possibility of configuring the positioning angles, to receive telemetry from some selected satellite in orbit, configuring itself as a viable and low-cost solution for a tracking station, resulting in quality Brazilian technology and technological development in the Brazilian aerospace sector.
“Ele achou que ia ganhar um diploma também”: a experiência de mães estudantes e seus bebês, nos cursos de graduação de uma universidade pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2021-12-02) Torre, Larissa Cristina; Semenzato, Carolina de Campos; Magalhães, Lilian Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695787131933459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1603471363889621; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5684477854885069
Women had to fight to conquer the right of access to education, and only in the year 1879, in Brazil, women obtained the right to attend higher education. Despite this delay, when comparing the number of men and women graduating from Higher Education in Brazil, according to the Census of Higher Education 2019, published by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), we note that the percentage of women graduating from higher education is greater. In addition, the 2016 Higher Education Census reveals that women represent 57.2% of the total number of students enrolled in undergraduate courses. However, even though thousands of women enter higher education every year and pregnancy is a natural biological process that can happen in a planned or unplanned way, higher education institutions still seem unprepared to deal with the situation of pregnant students, for which there is the need to continue advancing to make these women welcome. The present work sought to give voice and space to women who went through the experience of gestating a life while they were attending an undergraduate course. We had the participation of eight women who had their reports collected through video calls. The meetings were held by the Google Meet platform, with an average duration of one hour each, through a semi-structured interview. We consider these reports a first approach to the topic of pregnancy during graduation, a brief account of the context of UFSCar, a subject that, we believe, needs to continue to be debated by the entire university community.