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Classificação da doença de Alzheimer baseada em graph kernels construídos a partir de atributos de textura 3D de imagens de ressonância magnética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Mendonça, Lucas José Cruz de; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356924713834182
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative and characterized by cognitive and behavioral impairment. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a relatively broad clinical condition involving a slight memory deficit, which in many cases represents a transitional state between a cognitively normal (CN) condition and AD. Many published studies restrict their analyses to searching for structural changes caused by the disease in a few particular regions of the brain.. Currently, the studies are looking for new AD biomarkers using multiple brain regions and focusing on subtle texture changes in the image. Therefore, this study proposes a new technique for MR image classification in AD diagnosis using graph kernels constructed from texture features extracted from 3D Structural magnetic resonance (sMR) images. In our proposed method we first segment the brain images into multiple regions with the FreeSurfer. Then, we extract 22 texture features and defined the graph node attributes as the probability distributions of the extracted features. Next, for each texture feature we build a graph and define its edge weights as the distances between pairs of node attributes using three metrics. After that, we use a threshold-based approach for graph edges removal. Finally, we perform graph classification using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with two graph-kernels. Results of our method have shown better performances for the CN×AD (AUC=0.92) and CN×MCI (AUC=0.81) classifications, and worse for MCI×AD (AUC=0.78). This trend is consistent with other published results and makes sense if we consider the concept of Alzheimer's disease continuum from pathophysiological, biomarker and clinical perspectives. Besides allowing the use of different texture attributes for the diagnosis of AD, our method uses the graph-kernel approach to represent texture features from different regions of the brain image, which considerably facilitates the image classification task via SVMs. Our results were promising when compared to the state-of-the-art in graph-based AD classification.
Estimativa das propriedades físico-mecânicas de madeiras tropicais brasileiras através da análise de porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Almeida, Andréa de Souza; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8357751524776131
Full wood characterization tests require expensive and large equipment, found only in research centers and, moreover, require time and skilled labor. Thus, the minimal and simplified characterization are a tool widely used in the design of projects, as they make work easier, faster and cheaper. Among the properties of wood, the bulk density presents itself as a reliable estimator of the other properties used in the design of timber structure projects. As a result, many researchers have analyzed the interaction of the wood density value with the other properties through empirical equations and obtained good results. Among the anatomical factors, porosity is preponderant in influencing the value of wood density. In addition, porosity is also directly related to permeability (a major influence on the preservative treatment process and in the production of wood panels), thermal and dielectric properties, dimensional stability and mechanical strength of timber. Considering the great influence of porosity on important properties of wood and the search for mathematical models that are increasingly accurate, this study aims to generate multivariable regression models for the estimation of the physical-mechanical properties of Brazilian tropical woods as a function of porosity, obtained through the analysis of porosimetry by mercury intrusion, sometimes of the bulk density and sometimes for both properties, with the purpose of generating equations with a highs degrees of precision. For this purpose, eight species of tropical wood will be investigated, namely: Cedro-Amazonense (Cedrela spp.), Cedroarana (Cedrelinga catenaeformis Ducke), Cambará (Erisma uncinatum Warm), Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis), Cupiúba (Goupia glabra), Jatobá (Hymenaea spp.), Angelim Vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke) and Champagne (Dipteryx odorata). For the eight species, complete characterizations were carried out according to ABNT NBR 7190 (1997), the average values for porosities were obtained through the analysis of porosimetry by mercury intrusion and, finally, the statistical analysis was carried out to obtain of the multivariable regression models. As a result, the estimates of the properties of fc,0, fv,0, fs,0, Ec,0, EM and Et,0, considering the bulk density and porosity as free variables [f(ρ12%; Po)], showed higher coefficients of determination when compared to models considering either only apparent density or only porosity as an estimator of these properties. The ft,90 was possible only considering the porosity as an independent variable, where it presented R2 equal to 51,91%. The difficulty in estimating fs,0 and ft,90 can be partially explained by anatomical issues of the wood, showing how much porosity was crucial in the success of estimating ft,90. Finally, the anatomy factor considered by porosity improved the multivariable regression models in estimating the properties of fH,0 and EM, as they are properties that are strongly influenced by the anatomical factors considered by the average porosity values of wood species.
Significados das práticas educativas no Centro Socioeducativo de Internação Feminina de Manaus/AM: a perspectiva das meninas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Caldas, Edla Cristina Rodrigues; Onofre, Elenice Maria Cammarosano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391211432183878; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1586747721284754
The research seeks to understand the meanings that girls express based on the educational practices at the Social Educational Girl’s Internment Center of Manaus (SEGICM), in Brazil. The specific goals were aligned to the general one, namely: to analyze concepts and conceptions related to education and socioeducation; to present conceptions of education in public policies for education and for the socioeducational system in Brazil and in Amazonas; to characterize the school and non-school activities experienced by the girls at the SEGICM; to identify meanings that the girls manifest in educational processes inherent to the activities promoted by SEGICM. The central question for the thesis is: what meanings do young girls attribute to the educational practices in the scope of the Social Educational Girl’s Internment Center of Manaus? The methodology is in accordance with the epistemologies of the South, in an attempt to value "other knowledges" and to build up a horizontal dialogue with this knowledge. The approach is qualitative in the development of participatory research, using as instruments of data collection document analysis, observations and conversation rounds. Thirteen insertions were made in educational activities at the Social Educational Girl’s Internment Center, among them four conversation rounds, during a reading and writing workshop. We observed nine face-to-face classes in the Young and Adult Education modality during approximately four hours, in four classes. In the classes and other activities, we accompanied and dialogued with seven girls, five educators (four women and a man). The observations were recorded in field diaries and the records were analyzed according to the Content Analysis procedures, according to the analysis focuses, emerging in the research field itself: "girls' wanderings", "teaching and learning processes in the Socio-Educational Center" and "being socioeducational and being imprisoned". The results show that liberating education is central to the construction of a democratic society committed to the demands of the oppressed and that these demands should be present in the development of public policies for the education of young people in situation of deprivation of liberty, considering the various youths in their specificities. The theses and dissertations about the theme of youth and deprivation of liberty grew in the period from 2007 to 2018. There is, however, a small number of researches about the education of girls in situations of deprivation of liberty. It can be stated that there is already scientific evidence of doing education in spaces of deprivation of liberty. In regards to the educational practices, it was verified that these are meant by the girls from the valorization of the family and the feeling of hope in relation to the future, as well as by the importance of schooling in the process of complying with the socio-educational measures. In turn, the meanings of the educational processes for the girls in situations of deprivation of freedom in the SEGICM are permeated by life experiences and by the schooling trajectories prior to entering the socioeducational unit. Both (experiences and trajectories) are permeated by violence and by school paths that bring stories of failures and ruptures throughout the schooling process. Not coincidentally, school inside the SEGICM is resignified as another chance to study successfully, to learn, and as a starting point for new perspectives for the future.
Narrativas de enfermeiros sobre o cuidado à saúde de adolescentes gays
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Melo, Luan Sudário; Melo, Flávio Adriano Borges; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2146448542549482; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9485517306811624
Being a teenage/young gay person imputes vulnerabilites, with higher chances to suffer negative/right violations, product of prejudices and distancings presented on relationships with these specific public. It is right that the insertion of both conditions, being gay, there are higher chances to not get access to/or hospitality on the healthcare system, above all in stigma function, socially aware prejudice, negative productors, including the right to healthcare. The cisheteronormative traspassing has the tendency to deny people, deny human expression, in which can be extended to healthcare. By those matters, this study has its objective to analyze how nurses' narratives about the health care of gay adolescents. This exploratory study considers the qualitative approach having as its theorical references Symbolical Interactionism. 11 nurses took part of the study collecting data remotely through semi-structured interviwes and open for 6 months (March-September 2021). The data was transcribed in full and underwent thematic analysis in the proposition of Clarke and Braun. As a result, four categories emerged, being: “teenage gay and their needs”; “support network and truncated interactions with family”; “relacional encounter between nurses and gay adolescents”; and “teaching-service relationship with nurses’ care for gay adolescents”. The social labels can come to interfere on the true encounter, specially for leading to na unique look to the innocence of believing on unique stories and always similar, capable of being fitted on “prescriptions” of oriented documents on healthcare attention. The results found on this study point towards a care practice pretty plastered and still being executed on a cisheteronormative logic. Despite some of the nurses verbalizing expanded concepts about the teenage gay, the practice prevails guided by cisheteronormative biases and restricted by the operationalization of protocols. A relationship with a shallow formation process is inferred in terms of forms of existence, bodies, subjects, unfolded in reduced and almost object-oriented attention.
O circuito bregueiro de Belém do Pará: compreendendo a dimensão ocupacional dos Bailes da Saudade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Coelho, Flávia dos Santos; Magalhães, Lilian Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695787131933459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6672248482554502
In the city of Belém do Pará, Brega music parties find a privileged scenario of artistic expression, carrying with them different meanings, as such: affective memories linked to leisure, sociability networks between family and friends and to the daily practices of the popular classes that involve the Brega genre, among others, but which are socially stigmatized. These parties are routinely held in the city of Belém by several main characters, 3 of which are best known: the DJ's, the Bregueiros (producers) and the Festeiros (partygoers). The social stigmas attributed to the party’s participants are mainly linked to derogatory notions that refer to bad aesthetic taste and ways of living perceived as inferior, which can be motivated by hegemonically imposed cultural standards. This work focuses on the Baile da Saudade. The objective of this research was to identify the meanings of engaging of/in the Baile da Saudade parties in the city of Belém do Pará and describing the dynamics of the Brega circuit. Occupational Science contributed to the understanding of this phenomenon, through the detailing of the collective occupational dimension present in the parties. The research, of a qualitative nature, was inspired by an ethnographic approach, was carried out with 5 participants, being 1 DJ, 2 partygoers and 2 producers. The data generation was done through semi-structured interviews and the Photovoice. Both resources were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. The study revealed the constraints, tensions, and opportunities of engaging of/in the Baile da Saudade parties, as a collective occupation, as well as yielded the reflection on theoretical-practical elements in the field of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, notably in the Culture field.
O uso de materiais audiovisuais produzidos por zoológicos como ferramenta educativa para a conservação da fauna no ensino formal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Pereira, Gabriela Aparecida; Silva, Rosana Louro Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2635824351245453; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2629489634105153
The use of social media use has been growing every day specially the ones such as YouTube were the medias produce by zoo are getting more space each day. This arises an opportunity to use zoo videos in schools and spread the environmental education to several people. This study had the aim to identify trough content analysis, the main features of zoo videos posted on YouTube. We select fifty videos from the eight largest zoo channels of Brazil zoos on YouTube. They were transcript, and classified according to the central themes they presented, the categories of meaning attributed to biodiversity, sphere of values, scientific contents and forms of participation, views, and number of likes. The analysis obtained suggest that the most frequent themes on the videos were about zoo animal and their conservations projects. The categories of meaning most repeated were the one about the parks and human actions for conservation of the species, and the ones about general knowledge, concepts, and ideas about biodiversity. Regarding the spheres, the ones about of ethical and aesthetic values, were the most frequent. The most popular video had 140,793 views, and the most liked 2,200 likes, showing that the relevance of these contents can achieve on YouTube. The perceptions of educators about these videos were also collected through a structured questionnaire, and the data analyzed indicate that most of the teachers would use zoo videos in their classes, and the aspects that most caught the attention of these educators were the topics talked on the videos and the language used. They also reported that it was interesting to produce more videos covering the subjects about “Use of natural resources/Biodiversity Conservation” and “Biological Concepts”. The videos analyzed showed great potential for use in classroom, and to increase their popularity on YouTube, topics on natural resources and biodiversity conservation as well as biological concepts are recommended. For a more critical approach on these videos, the biodiversity could be explored more widely, were its seen as a whole, and the sphere of “forms of participation” can be more explored on these videos. The results indicate the possibility of enhancement on the production of new video materials, their potential to be used on formal and non-formal educational contexts as well as on the spread of biodiversity knowledge.
Gestão escolar democrática à luz de Gramsci: uma análise da gestão escolar paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Santos, Gislaine Gonçalves dos; Martins, Marcos Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7966760045336255
this dissertation presents the results of a research on democratic school management, which was investigated taking Gramsci's legacy as a theoretical reference, particularly the concept of unitary school formulated by him. The objective was to know the principles, purposes and methods of the current São Paulo school management, comparing it with what is possible to infer from what the Italian revolutionary communist formulated for the unitary school. So, the research problem was to verify which are the proximities and distances that are possible to be observed in the two investigated processes/management formulations. Through the method of bibliographic and documentary research, with a qualitative bias, texts by Gramsci and some commentators of the work he left were analyzed, as well as legislation and documents related to democratic school management, its historical development in Brazil and in the State of São Paulo. The main result achieved with the investigation was to verify that the two management perspectives investigated do not match, since the proposal by Gramsci aims at the emancipation of educational subjects and the one implemented in the State of São Paulo tries to adapt them to the needs of the social class. dominant from an economic and ethical and political point of view.
Estimativa da resistência e da rigidez à compressão paralela às fibras pela dureza e pela densidade aparente de espécies de madeira provenientes de florestas nativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Pietrobon, Isabela Matias; Bertolini, Marília da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280120880255759; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3697881690461521
When using wood in structures, it is necessary to know its properties to make a safe and economical structural dimensioning, using the document of ABNT NBR 7190 (1997). However, carrying out the complete characterization tests requires large machines with high costs. Thus, the standard itself estimates the properties due to the various properties necessary for the development of a structural project. Therefore, this research aimed, considering 15 wood species from tropical forests and equally divided into the strength classes of the standard, to evaluate, via regression models, the feasibility or accuracy of the use of apparent density (ρap) and hardness (parallel ( fh0) and perpendicular (fh90)) as estimators of strength (fc0) and stiffness (Ec0) to compression in the direction parallel to the fibers. The regression model considering the ρap as an estimator obtained the best fit through the cubic model (R² adj between 73 and 91%), however, the linear ones were also considered significant by the ANOVA. Considering fh0 as an estimator, the best fits were the linear models with R² adj of 93,98% (fc0) and 64,15% (Ec0). When fh90 was used as an estimator, greater precision was noted in the estimate of fc0 (R² adj = 89,53% - quadratic model) than in Ec0 (R² adj = 61,59% - linear model), both significant by the analysis of variance. In an attempt to use the multiple regression models, the best linear fits were obtained, however, when compared with the regression models of a single variable, the R² adj was not significantly higher. To verify the effectiveness of the regression models, the absolute error in estimating the properties of other wood species was between 0,09 and 60%.
Saúde mental e atenção psicossocial em desastres: comportamentos profissionais do psicólogo intervindo na resposta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Ricardo, Henrique do Nascimento; Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7254045182119179
Response is a stage of disaster management contemplated in the National Policy for Protection and Civil Defence (in Portuguese, PNPDC). It encompasses actions during and immediately after the event as means to provide aid and assist those affected, as well as return essential services. Mental Health and Psychosocial Attention (SMAPS) care to all individuals affected is recommended in the literature. However, in Brazil, we identified the need for training of public healthcare providers for such action. Some of the skills for the field were mapped and may be useful in training programmes. Although criticised, skills and content models are widespread for professional training in different areas. In Brazil, another possibility is the model of professional behaviour. A teaching technology that uses this concept is the Programming of Conditions for Behaviour Development (in Portuguese, PCDC). PCDC's concept of behaviour is defined as the relationship between what the organism does, the context in which they do it, and what follows its occurrence. In order to develop a teaching program, it is necessary to analyse and break down target behaviours for a task. Clarity, objectivity, precision and conciseness of teaching objectives have been adopted as criteria. False teaching goals are criticized. Based on the model of professional behaviours, the objective of this study is to characterize the general class of behaviours “acting directly in mental health and psychosocial care of those affected in disaster responses”. The classes that compose it were organized based on a model of general classes of professional behaviour for direct intervention in different fields of action, and in the four levels of action in Mental Health and Psychosocial Support available in the Pyramid of the Interagency Standing Committee (in Portuguese, IASC). As a source of information, a set of possible psychologists' skills for crisis intervention and prevention of Post-Traumatic Stress in disaster response was selected, which have been mapped in a previous study. As a result of a 10-step procedure, 72 classes of behaviours were discovered and organized into range levels. The six most comprehensive classes were: (1) Characterizing the need for intervention in relation to the behaviours of those affected by disasters in an SMAPS care context; (2) Designing interventions; (3) Implementing interventions; (4) Evaluating interventions; (5) Improving interventions; (6) Communicating findings. The current PCDC procedure allowed for greater clarity on psychologists’ possible goals while caring for those affected in acute distress, which can be adopted in future training. Here we placed greater emphasis on characterizing the class “Applying Psychological First Aid techniques”, but the procedure may be useful in discovering other classes of behaviours that make up SMAPS care in the response. This technology is also a possibility for discovering classes that make up the implementation in other phases of comprehensive risk and disaster management, as described in the PNPDC, such as prevention, mitigation, preparation, and recovery.
Famílias de crianças com síndrome de Down: escolarização, serviços de apoio, satisfação parental e suporte social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Montes, Kananda Fernanda; Spinazola, Cariza de Cássia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0508285970778426; Cia, Fabiana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8673260963631826
The family is the child's first social environment and the basis for their child development. Families of children with disabilities have specific characteristics and needs. Knowing these families makes it possible to create programs to help them. This research was based on the bioecological perspective of human development defended by Bronfenbrenner. The objectives were: (a) to characterize the schooling of children with Down syndrome in the regular school network (b) to identify and analyze support services, parental satisfaction and social support of families of children with Down syndrome and (c) ) to relate parental satisfaction and social support with the sociodemographic data of these families. Participants were 13 mothers and 2 fathers of children with Down syndrome enrolled in public schools. The evaluative measures were: Critério Brasil, a questionnaire on social support and parental satisfaction and a semi-structured interview script. The interviews were individualized, face-to-face and online. Data were analyzed categorically and using measures of central tendency and dispersion. To correlate the variables, the Spearman correlation test was used. There was a diversity of care and needs of families. Parental satisfaction showed a high average and a positive correlation with the age of the parents, influencing the well-being of the child. Satisfaction with social support depended more on quality than quantity. It is concluded that there is a need for intervention programs and public policies that pay attention to the individualities of families of children with Down syndrome and offer quality support networks.
O que a pele anuncia: uma análise da obra de Gilka Machado para além do erotismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Borges, Jaqueline Ferreira; Martha, Diana Junkes Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1857520068239671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2429642679832671
This thesis aims to analyze the work of Gilka Machado (1893-1980) as the result of the process of constructing poetry and the poet, considering that there is a thematic diversity between the poems of the first book, Cristais Partidos (1915); and the last one, Velha Poesia (1965). To carry out the research, the corpus is Poesia Completa (2017), the second re-edition of the 1978 work and a book that brings together six of the ten titles published by Gilka Machado. Regarding the content of the verses, there is a duality between body and soul that moves the eroticism of the works, as well as a mobilization of the poetic persona that claims agency and voice for the black women of their time. There is a constant questioning about the place of women, which in the poems happens through the description of the senses and poetic devices such as metaphor, alliteration and assonance, building verses of artistic and political manifestation. This thesis observes freedom as an impulse for eroticism, a political act that manifests itself through the poems; also the concept of “Amefricanidade”, by GONZALEZ (2020), theorist that underlies the discussions of race, alongside CARNEIRO (2011) and FANON (2008). The concepts of DAL FARRA (2016) are substantial to think about the trajectory of the writer, as well as AGAMBEN (2007), FOUCAULT (2010) and BOURDIEU (1989), to build the hypothesis of symbolic death and the erasure imposed on the poet who appears especially in the last books, when loneliness permeates all the poems. Finally, the concepts of PAZ (1994) subsidize the discussions about form and poetry in the face of the smokescreen constructed by the critic to limit poetics to eroticism.
Opinião de mães de crianças com autismo sobre os serviços de apoio, satisfação parental e suporte social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Selarim, Luiza Laroza; Spinazola, Cariza de Cássia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0508285970778426; Cia, Fabiana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5760950498028973
It is known that family contexts are fundamental for the development and learning of the human being, especially for families of children with autism, due to the developmental particularities they have. In this sense, the research objectives were: (a) to identify and analyze the support services, parental satisfaction and social support of families of children with autism and (b) to relate parental satisfaction and social support with the sociodemographic data of families of children with autism. The research design is descriptive and correlational. Participated in the research 15 mothers of children with autism, aged between three and eight years, enrolled in public schools. The instruments used in the research were: Questionnaire characterizing the family system, Brazil Criterion, Questionnaire of social support, Questionnaire of parental satisfaction and a semi-structured interview script. The collection took place by individual interview, in person or remotely. The data collected were quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data underwent analysis of central and dispersion measures and the qualitative data were analyzed through the elaboration of categories. To correlate the variables, the Spearman correlation test was used. The results of the research on the schooling of children with autism showed that all children were enrolled in Early Childhood Education, and only 4 children received Specialized Educational Assistance, showing the lack of assistance in regular schools. Regarding services and family needs, 9 children in the study attended a specialized institution in addition to the regular school, and the psychologist was the most indicated professional as the mothers' interest to receive care, for them and for their children. Regarding parental satisfaction, despite the stress, mothers felt satisfied to be mothers, especially in good times with their children. With social support, it was possible to perceive that the greater the number of supportive people, the greater the satisfaction of the mothers, and the most suitable support person was the children themselves. As for the correlations, the positive ones were: the age of the mothers with items related to time with the child; the age of the children with the importance of parenting and items related to emotional support; the mothers' schooling with the number of people and with the satisfaction with emotional support received. It is concluded that public services must be offered to enhance the child's development and, over the years, mothers become more likely to have good social support, increasing Parental Satisfaction.
A participação das crianças nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental I: o que propõem as publicações de 2015 a 2020 para melhoria das práticas educativas dialógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-16) Silva, Thainá Ariane da; Braga, Fabiana Marini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103496815216263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7417354153300407
This master's dissertation aims to carry out a survey of research that deals with the participation of children in the early years of Elementary School I, based on the contributions that the dialogicity defended by Paulo Freire (1987, 2011, 2013, 2013b), the argumentation by Jürgen Habermas (1987, 2019) and the dialogic inquiries of Gordon Wells (2016) can bring to the promotion of this space. Thus, we will carry out bibliographic research of scientific publications, from 2015 to 2020, in the databases (ERIC, CAPES Periodicals and Web of Science), in order to verify which contributions and propositions they list on the subject. Therefore, the communicative methodology was used for data analysis from the survey of transforming and excluding elements. After analyzing the data, we concluded that the scientific production brought 17 transforming elements (AA - Student Autonomy, RM - Mutual Respect, AH - High Skills, DD - Dialogical Discussions, A - Argumentation, EA - Students' emotions, Q - Questioning , EAA - Active student involvement, PC - Thinking right, VA - Student voice, ED - democratic spaces, ECA - student-centered education, R - Rationality, EV- True listening, CC - Knowledge construction, EDD - Democratic education as a right, FP - Teacher training) and 10 exclusionary elements (FED - Lack of democratic space, AP - Teacher authoritarianism, PCR - Curricular standard, DC - Control speech, FT - Lack of time, IS - Indiscipline in the classroom, ET – Traditional teaching, CA – Absolute knowledge, ECP – Teacher-centered education, FTD- Lack of dialogic techniques) that enable improvements to educational dialogic practices, since they show data that correspond to the concepts of dialogue and participation that we present in this dissertation.