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Racismo e justiça ocupacional: construção de identidade e engajamento ocupacional de mulheres negras quilombolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Pereira, Amanda dos Santos; Magalhães, Lilian Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695787131933459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4563595279392236
Since Brazil's imperial era, enslaved black Africans have sought ways to resist the horrors of slavery. The groups that brought together these individuals received the name of quilombos, a word of origin in the Bantu language, which means settlement or fortress. The communities of quilombos in Brazil live in situation of economic and social vulnerability, being victims of exclusion, discrimination and poverty. These inequalities prevent black women from engaging in occupations they consider significant. Meaningful occupations are purposeful actions which are motivated by interest and will. This study aims to understand how racism interferes in the construction of identity and in the occupational engagement of black quilombola women. The study aims to 1. Describe the significant occupations performed by black quilombola women; 2. Identify women's perceptions and feelings about the experience of racism; 3. Understand the influence of deprivation of occupational engagement in the lives of black quilombola women; 4. Identify the coping strategies eventually used by this group against racist stereotypes. This is a study with a qualitative approach associated with visual methodologies, using photovoice as a data generation instrument, in addition to interviews and participant observation. Data were obtained from narratives and photos produced by nine black women who reside in the quilombola community called Comunidade da Pinguela, located in the countryside of Bahia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis which resulted in five categories. Category I: Quilombola identity and occupational identity: The ambivalence between pride and shame: the deprivation of occupational engagement outside the quilombo. Category II: Quilombola Resistance: Struggles against invisibility, disputes over territory, difficulties of capitalism, violation of rights, dissatisfaction with federal government policies and inefficient public security. Category III: From black ancestry to the 21st century: Chosen amnesia from historical oppression, black diaspora, ancestral traditions and religious syncretism. Category IV: Racism and occupational injustice: Feelings, perceptions and strategies for overcoming racist stereotypes. Category V: The insurgency of quilombola women: Sisterhood and gender disparity in occupations. Through the results, the main issues experienced by women in their daily lives were shown, such as the care they have with the community, social relationships based on solidarity and sisterhood, how they build their identities and the assigned meanings, the struggle against invisibility, violation of rights and silencing, among other aspects. The study shows that research involving the quilombola population, therapy and occupational science is scarce, and opportunities for professional training and interventions in this field are also rare. Thus, I suggest ways of coping with these tensions, reflecting on the peculiarities of therapy and occupational science for research, teaching and the provision of relevant services to these populations. In addition, the study reaffirms the urgent need to implement public policies that recognize and respect the values and rights of the Brazilian quilombola population.
Avaliação da eficiência energética no processo de retificação de metal duro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Carreira, Luan Augusto de Souza; Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246975824920858
The quest to make manufacturing processes sustainable is an increasingly important need. In this context, the present work assessed the grinding process of cemented tungsten carbide inserts with SNGN geometry (square, with zero clearance angle and without edge preparation) and WC-5%CO composition (ISO grade K10), one of the most used in the industry. The following cutting conditions were varied: cutting speed (12, 40 and 60 m/s), feed speed (2 and 12 mm/min) and coolant fluid flow (12.6 and 16.2 l/min). The combination of the proposed parameters led to 12 conditions applied for each type of diamond grinding wheel, with concentration C100 (0.88 g/cm³), different abrasive grain sizes and bonding materials: grain size of 15 μm and resinoid binder (D15R), grain size of 15 μm and vitrified binder (D15V), grain size of 46 μm and resinoid binder (D46R), grain size of 46 μm and vitrified binder (D46V). The grinding tests were carried out to assess the influence of the different parameters on surface and edge roughness, as well as on energy consumption and efficiency. As a result, it was observed that the variation of grinding parameters had little influence on the insert quality, although a slight increase could be noticed with the use of the vitrified bonded diamond grinding with bigger grain size. The increase in the single grain chip thickness led to an increase in cutting forces and a decrease in specific energy, but there was no influence of grinding conditions on the electric power, being the energy consumption reduced by 62.8% only by changing the feed speed from 2 to 12 mm/min, which actually caused a decrease in processing time.
Níveis da secretase ADAM10 em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Oliveira, Danielle dos Santos Maia Salheb de; Cominetti, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6371022269712798
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradual and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by predominant cortical atrophy in the medial temporal lobe and microscopically extensive neuronal losses and deposits called neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. From the results of the Rotterdam study in 1992, it is known that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of dementia. Patients with T2DM have structural brain changes and cognitive impairment, with a high risk of developing AD. These data suggest that insulin may play a key role in brain activity and memory formation. Our group has been studying peripheral AD biomarkers since 2010. Our results indicate that ADAM10 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease), the α-secretase that inhibits the formation of senile plaques and, therefore, is protective against AD, is active and decreased on platelets. Conversely, ADAM10 is inactive and increased in older adults with this dementia than cognitively healthy older adults. In this sense, this study aimed to verify the plasma ADAM10 levels among cognitively healthy older adults without glycemic alteration, older adults with AD, older adults with T2DM and older adults with the concomitant presence of AD and T2DM. The results showed a significant difference between plasma ADAM10 levels between all groups compared to older adults with AD+T2DM. Therefore, alterations in the insulin pathway can cause changes in ADAM10 levels and contribute to the worsening of AD.
Mastite bovina na pecuária: uma preocupação ambiental no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Albuquerque, Dandara Martins Alves de; Lovaglio, Roberta Barros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549716492984231; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5341856975263099
There is a growing concern about microorganism resistance to chemical agents in the natural ecosystem. The spread of resistance genes through multifactorial mechanisms such as wastewater treatment plants, hospitals or agricultural waste. The management of agricultural livestock is the most hotspot of dissemination pathogenic strains for wild animals. Bovine mastitis is commonly the cause of infections that cause great damage to the dairy industry, affecting the quality of products, decreasing milk production, favoring early slaughter and increasing total expenses with medication and veterinary care on farms. The risk factors associated with mastitis are the drying process of treatment, absence of disinfection practices before and after milking, incorrect treatment with antimicrobial therapy and no-professional training of milkers. This study is a review about the main sources of dissemination of resistant and multidrug-resistant strains and aggravated environmental impasses in the rural environment, especially in dairy cattle production. In addition, it makes an alert list about the neglected use of antimicrobials in dairy production and the main threats to biodiversity by the spread of resistant strains in natural environments.
A formação continuada do diretor de escolas de educação infantil de 0 a 3 anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Sousa, Juliana Aparecida Purificação de; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2881903043879033
The objective of this research was to analyze the Continuing Education of the Director in schools from 0 to 3 years old, for the process of strengthening the professionalization of teaching in Early Childhood Education, having as research field the Municipality of Cabreúva/SP. The interest in the subject arose from the observation that the School Director of this segment often requests support and specific investment for their training in the area of activity, taking into account the particularities existing in their work context. This research uses a qualitative, descriptive and interpretive approach. For the construction of data, a questionnaire (Google Form) was used with directors or deputy directors of this segment. To compose the deepening of the research data, semi-structured interviews were carried out with two directors of Early Childhood Education from 0 to 3 years old in Cabreúva: the first, Effective Director of the network with the longest career in the School Directorate and the second Substitute Deputy Director in the career start. The analysis is based on studies on continuing education and career (NÓVOA, 2017), school management (LÜCK, 2000) and Early Childhood Education Maria Malta Campos. For data analysis, analytical categories were constructed referring to the Principals of Early Childhood Education, namely: training profile; Professional Experience and Professionalization and Continuing Training in Service. The main results indicate that it is necessary to expand the discussions regarding training needs, taking into account the specificities of the context of managers from 0 to 3 years old and Public Policies for Specialized Training to consolidate the professionalization process. The data also indicate the need to offer a follow-up program for the Novice Director, taking into account the specificities faced for work at the beginning of the career.
Profissionalidade e profissionalização na coordenação pedagógica escolar: uma revisão sistemática de teses e dissertações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Ricardo, Vanessa Vial; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861606985644112
The experience as a school pedagogical coordinator raised some concerns about this role, her training, her specificity as a profession and the professional identity of this role. Faced with such questions, the objective of this research was to identify and understand the main elements that constitute the concepts and processes of professionalism and professionalization of school pedagogical coordinators. With this objective established, we opted for the perspective of a qualitative approach to research, and, with a systematic review methodological path, which makes it possible to investigate these concepts and their elements, and the constitution processes, in the research already carried out, discussed and revealed in a given time cut, due to the increase in academic productions on pedagogical coordination, this cut was established from the 2000s 2018 onwards. From the proposed focus, the methodological actions unfolded in the data collection in the Theses and Dissertations Catalog - CAPES, which had 23 researches selected to compose analytical corpus. The chapters present a historical outline of the function and attributions of the pedagogical coordination and the legal historicity of the function, in addition to highlighting the theoretical foundation for the study and deepening of the terms were about professionality (DUBAR, 2005; DAVIS E GORZONI, 2017; AMBROSETTI E ALMEIDA, 2009; ANDRÉ E PLACCO 2007; SACRISTÁN, 1995; ROLDÃO 2008; NÓVOA, 2017) and for professionalization (TARDIF 2013; LENGERT 2011; NÓVOA2017). After collecting data in academic productions, the systematic review of research was inspired by Romanowski (2006). As for the concept of terms; professionalism is understood as a set of attributions of the subject and his profession and as for professionalization as a collective movement of validation and legitimation of training, doing and specific knowledge. The main results of the elements indicate that the process of constitution of professionalism and professionalization of the school pedagogical coordinator are intertwined, however they have their own characteristics, therefore, professionalism involves two main elements organized into two categories; one of self-knowledge (from the coordinators for themselves) and the other of recognition of their formative role (from the coordinators to the other). And the main elements of professionalization involve working conditions and specific continuing education in which professional autonomy is provided and the community is strengthened.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um programa de ensino de pré-requisitos de leitura e escrita para pré-leitores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Rezende, Mariana de; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8080783711117466
The search for an efficient literacy method is not new. An approach that has been proving effective in educational environments is Behavior Analysis. This approach has supported interventions with the purpose of remedying the gaps in teaching methods of reading and writing skills regularly used in schools. The present study developed and evaluated a programmed teaching module aimed to teach discriminative skills considered to be elementary for learning to read and write. In order to do this, the present work was divided into two stages: 1) planning and programming a Preparatory Module for teaching elementary reading skills as well as its transposition into computer language and its indexing to the GEIC; 2) implementation and evaluation of three participants of the first full version of the Preparatory Module. Three children from two Brazilian states participated, aged between 9 and 10 years old, enrolled in the 2nd and 3rd grade of elementary school. The teaching program consisted of nine teaching tasks and four probes distributed in four teaching units. Trial blocks with difficulty progression were programmed with accuracy criterion in order to assure the learning of the target abilities. Among the participants, there was performance variability when running the probes; deterioration of some skills after the teaching steps; high number of repetitions of the teaching steps (i.e., due to not meeting the criteria in the first exposure) and difficulties in identifying possible intervening variables that may have affected performance (i.e., changes in the application of the teaching program by the research assistant). The extension of the teaching program, and the remote application condition of the program, assisted by a research assistant, were considered probable problems in application. The results of the present study are promising and indicate the potential of the Preparatory Module to reach the criterion of effectiveness in order to be able to make part of the ALEPP Program.
Poincaré recurrence times in stochastic mixing processes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Amorim, Vitor Gustavo de; Abadi, Miguel Natalio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8422115514014109; Gallo, Alexsandro Giacomo Grimbert; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4037274656833325; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5021711316846807
In the context of the discrete-time stochastic processes, this thesis presents new results on Poincaré recurrence theory. After a complete review of recent results, we present a new theorem on the exponential approximations for hitting and return times distributions. We show that the scaling parameter of the approximate distribution, called "potential well", brings fundamental informations about the structure of the target set. Moreover, we show that the asymptotic properties of the potential well influences several aspects of the recurrence times, such as limiting distributions and moments. Finally, we apply our results to obtain the waiting time spectrum as a function of the Rényi entropy for classes of processes not covered by previous works.
Desenvolvimento de catalisadores bifuncionais a base de fosfato e suas aplicações catalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Finger, Pedro Henrick; Marques, Clelia Mara de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660; Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3323992915373623
The development of bifunctional acid catalysts is an area of heterogeneous catalysis in intense growth, mainly due to the possibility of performing consecutive reactions using a single catalyst and a single reactor. In this sense, bifunctional acid catalysts, containing Lewis and Brönsted acid sites, based on phosphates, are promising materials to catalyze different classes of chemical reactions. Thus, the work sought the synthesis and characterization of phosphates, oxides and oxides of phosphated Sn, Ti and Zr. In addition, a synthesis methodology was developed to obtain aluminophosphates with zeolitic structure (MAPOs) modified with Sn, Ti and Zr (M = Sn, Ti or Zr). The characterization of the materials was obtained by analysis of XRD, Physisorption of N2, TPD-NH3, FTIR-NH3, UV-Vis; XRF, ICP-OES and 31P and 27Al -MAS-RMN. Which, in the case of phosphates, phosphate oxides and oxides of Sn, Ti and Zr showed that the synthesized materials present structures that resemble metallic oxyphosphates and phosphated metallic oxides. In the case of MAPOs, structures with a purely AFI topology with the heteroatom tetrahedrally coordinated to the aluminophosphate structure were obtained, evidencing the effectiveness of the developed synthesis procedure. The activity of the catalysts was evaluated in two different reactions, in the reaction of biomass conversion (glucose and xylose) and in the condensation between ketones and aldehydes to form the chalcone. In the conversion of glucose and xylose, the synthesized catalysts showed medium results, with the maximum formation of fructose and HMF, from xylulose and fufural, from xylose 40%, respectively. However, excellent results were obtained for the reactions of chalcone formation, with Zr(PO4)x presenting yields above 80%, which are similar to the reactions catalyzed in a homogeneous basic medium. In addition, it was observed that Zr(PO4)x maintains its structure and activity unchanged during 5 reuses, evidencing high stability of the material. In addition, another important result was the development of milder procedures, using p-cymene or carrying out the reaction in the absence of solvent, without compromising the TOFinitial of chalcone formation or consumption of acetophenone, demonstrating the potential of this system. Finally, Zr(PO4)x was also active for the formation of chalcones containing different substituents, through the use of aldehydes and centones containing different functional groups.
Medicina como segunda graduação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Liberato, Érica Letícia Angelo; Ferreira, Rodrigo Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3757336302848715; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8670336977253316
There is a lack of studies about people’s reasons for opting to study medicine after graduating in other areas. The aim of this study was to understand the reasons that lead a professional to start a new graduation course, specifically medicine, the difficulties and facilities involved and professional expectations, as well as to list the public policies that allow and are responsible for the increase number of students seeking for a second education. In addition, a reflective memorial was developed to sumarize my experiences and highlight facts that I consider relevant to my choosing of Medicina as my second Bachelor degree. Metodology: a bibliographical research was developed as well as a personal reflective memorial, written freely. Results: Graduates enter the Medical course searching for greater personal and professional valuation, not achieved in the first course, especially better remuneration and employability. Although having completed a graduation brings benefits to joining a second one, such as the ease of studying and maturtity that reflects on inetrpersonal relationships, there are also difficultires, since many have already started a family or need to work.
Projeto e dimensionamento de sistemas de freios de veículos Baja SAE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-17) Oliveira, Luiz Henrique Fujimoto da Silva de; Evangelista, Sérgio Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1610397432103491; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0666678209357203
The Baja SAE project was created at the University of South Carolina, located in the United States of America, where the first competition was held in 1976. Later, the project started in Brazil, where it became known as Baja SAE Brasil . The Baja SAE Brasil project started its activities in 1994, in which engineering students from several higher education universities have the opportunity to apply the knowledge acquired in the classroom in practice. The participants of the Baja SAE Brasil project prepare a prototype of a off-road vehicle, going through all stages of vehicle manufacture, as well as design, manufacturing and instrumentation. This work focuses on presenting the entire process of developing the brake system for Baja vehicles, especially for the team at the Federal University of São Carlos. Therefore, the design of the brake system was carried out, taking into account several geometric aspects of the vehicle, seeking to achieve comfort, safety and better drivability when braking the vehicle. In addition, we sought a system that is ergonomic for the user, with less effort on his part, and a brake system that has an optimized manufacture and maintenance of some components, such as the drive pedal, caliper attachments and brake discs.