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Estudo sobre a reciclagem de fibras têxteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Sato, Ian Hideyuki Fugitani; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431
In order to transform the textile industry into something sustainable, the origin and production must be studied, and in addition, it is expected that there will be a greater importance of recycled products in the future, since there is concern about the scarcity of raw material that has become a recurring theme in recent times. Recycling textile fibers is still in its infancy and will still face several challenges to consolidate and become a recurrent practice. In order to add, this work compiles knowledge that helps textile recycling, being one of the points addressed the classification of fibers suggesting that the fibers are separated aiming at their chemical characteristics and not their origin approaching how the recycling of polymers is done. We also address some problems already faced in textile recycling such as mixed fibers and study new methods that are being developed little by little, such as biological degradation. And we briefly discussed how textile fiber recycling is in Brazil. Based on the authors used with reference, we conclude that it is an activity with great potential and that has been showing great economic and environmental importance
Estudos mecanísticos de reações de cicloadição e ciclização através de ferramentas experimentais e teóricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Kawamura, Meire Yasuko; Schwab, Ricardo Samuel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964; Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8730397484525922
Part 1: The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitroolefin and azides have emerged as an important approach for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole. We describe the rationalization of the regioselectivity/reactivity trends of this reaction by an experimental and theoretical exploration. DFT calculations revealed 1,5-triazole is favarable, with the rate-limiting cycloaddition step showing high asynchronicity. Kinetic studies corroborated these results, pointing to a second-order velocity law, and 13C kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) at natural abundance with a significant normal effect for the conjugated olefinic centers (1.0216 for C1β-nitro and 1.0158 for C2α-nitro). Distortion/interaction-activation strain (DIAS) and energy decomposition (EDA) analysis disclosed the regioselectivity of this reaction, showing an earlier and less distorted TS for preferred 1,5-triazole compared to 1,4-triazole regioisomer, and the interaction is favored in 1,5-triazole mainly due to on dispersion (Edisp) and electrostatic (Eelec) interactions. Additionally, we explored the mechanistic aspects of the HNO2 elimination elementary step by using quasi-classical dynamics calculations, the calculations indicate a dynamically stepwise mechanism, indicating an existence of a carbocation intermediate. Studies of the reaction between nitro-olefins and sodium azide revealed that Bronstead acid plays a fundamental role for disubstituted nitro-olefins, controlling the reactive species, wherein the path that leads to 1,2,3-NH-triazole is favorable comparing with the path that leads to Michael's adducts. A systematic study has led to the preparation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3- triazoles by the use of a-nitroolefins generated in situ. Part 2: Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have shown great potential as important tools for the synthetic organic chemistry due to the possibility of diversity and complexity generation in a single step. Among these reactions, the Ugi reaction and its variants are unique strategies that allow the introduction of an amide function in the molecular architecture. Despite the huge advantages offered by these reactions, the lack of stereocontrol is its main limitation. Therefore, this part of the project aimed to evaluate the mechanism of these transformations through theoretical DFT studies of two Ugi reaction variants. It was shown that the diastereoselectivity occurs due to non- covalent interactions, and that due to steric interactions different products were obtained: tetrahydropyridine for R1 = Ph and cyclopentene for R1 = Me substitution.
Construção das transmasculinidades: memórias e narrativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Cardoso, Thomas Victor Barreto; Leite, Kelen Christina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0411941452121030
From the 1970s onwards, studies on masculinities gained strength, driven mainly by the feminist movement and the movement in defense of sexual diversity. But only in the last two decades, transmasculine identities began to be included in these studies on masculinities. The objective of this research is to analyze the construction of these masculinities in individuals who identify themselves as transmasculine, through their narratives and memories. Reflect on the way in which these identities are incorporated directly and indirectly by them, transforming behaviors and physiognomies to achieve a hegemonic masculine ideal, in an attempt to belong, or reject themselves, as a form of resistance. As well as the possibility of creating new ways of experiencing masculinity outside the sex-gender dichotomous view. As a methodology, thematic oral history was adopted, to focus on the memories and experiences of these individuals, and their process of construction and deconstruction together with a bibliographic review. Using authors such as Michael Foucault (2018; 2019), Berenice Bento (2011; 2017), Guacira L. Louro (2015; 2018), Paul B. Preciado (2018), Raewyn Connell (1995; 2013; 2015), Benedito Medrado (2008), Pedro P. de Oliveira (2004), João Nery (2013;2017) and Guilherme Almeida (2012) for theoretical deepening in discussions about gender, masculinities, body, identity and gender violence. In the narratives, it was noticed that even understanding masculinity as a social construction, there is still influence of it in the production of their subjectivities and corporeity. In addition to directly and indirectly reproducing gender patterns as a form of protection and/or an attempt to belong.
Testes bayesianos em ensaios clínicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Silva, Josimara Tatiane da; Andrade Filho, Mario de Castro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6518161034709249; Cobre, Juliana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042802390444616; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5363453741207121
In this thesis, we propose two new Bayesian approaches for equivalence hypotheses testing for proportions and prove that these Bayesian hypotheses tests are equivalent. These Bayesian methodologies applied to equivalence tests combine frequentist and Bayesian tools from the perspective of decision theory, in which optimal decision rules are used to minimize the linear combination of the probabilities of type I and II errors, in addition to the use of a significance level as a function of sample size. Thus, these Bayesian methodologies overcome some limitations of the frequentist approach, predominantly used for equivalence testing. Moreover, we perform a Bayesian robustness study for the significance tests. We propose a sensitivity index by using the derivative of the constructed statistical functionals. The results of real data analysis show that this sensitivity index satisfactorily measures the local sensitivity of prior quantities with respect to the choice of the prior distribution. A simulation study was carried out to assess the rate of the type I error probability and the power of the tests under different scenarios. We also evaluate overdispersed count data by means of a misspecification analysis. We present a table to determine, in a practical way, the optimal sample size. The developed methodologies are illustrated for bioequivalence tests in the context of clinical trials.
Moldando a nova Pátria: o ensino primário na construção do patriotismo e civismo em Angatuba/SP (1930-1945)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Rocha, Diego Tadeu de Oliveira; Coutinho, Luciana Cristina Salvatti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2688318704089723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7059566241533110
This dissertation has as its theme the development of the civic-patriotic formation that occurred in the city of Angatuba/SP during the first government of Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945), from the pedagogical instruments used in primary education. The problem that guided the investigation questioned how the mechanisms of reproduction of patriotism, civism, moralism and nationalism were developed in primary education with the use of the "authoritarian pedagogy" focused on the formation of the conscience of the "new Brazilian citizen", with the objective imposed on education by the Vargas government line of thought, making the educational process an important instrument for the consolidation of political ideals. To do so, in the context of the History of Education, the methodology of the plural typological pluralism of documents was used in face of the bibliographical and documental research, as well as the qualitative research, consulting dialectically the primary sources preserved in the locality, such as the newspaper A Folha de Angatuba, the primers and textbooks, besides the collection of orality. The research aimed, therefore, to understand the organization of the pedagogical process in primary education as an instrument to form the feeling of belonging and love for the homeland in the future Brazilian citizens.
Supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro na estratégia saúde da família: uma análise sob a perspectiva das relações de poder
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Silva, Iramildes Souza; Silva, Jaqueline Alcântara Marcelino da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8311079340428705; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-8609; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2485353465158702; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-365X
The base of this investigation is the supervision carried out by nurses from the perspective of power relations in the work context of the Family Health (FH) team, which consists of a favorable place for changes in health practices in Primary Health Care (PHC), due to the performance of the FH teams, which provide care, respecting the way of life of people and their families, depending on the location and communities. The supervision carried out by the nurse in the context of the work process of the FH team collaborates in the transformation of the required health practices, when we consider that the work of the nurse as a social practice has been assuming a relevant role due to the ability to recognize the complex and varied health needs of the users and families, making it possible to act in a contextualized way, in addition to stimulating interactive and reflective intra-team processes for comprehensive health care. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the supervision of nurses from the perspective of power relations in family health, with a focus on nursing and community health agents, in a city of the countryside of São Paulo. This is an exploratory, descriptive and interpretative research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 46 FH workers and were analyzed under the framework of the work process in health and nursing; the concept of supervision; of the interprofessional work approach and its attributes in the FH and of the power category, in the Foucauldian perspective, based on the thematic content analysis. The analysis of the results allowed the construction of five thematic categories: ‘the supervision of the nurse in the perspective of control in the relations of disciplinary power in Family Health’; ‘the duality of supervision exercised by nurses in Family Health between Oppressive Power and Positive Power’; ‘the challenges for the supervision of nurses in the FH and possibilities for reframing the supervision conducted by nurses in the FH’; ‘challenges for the supervision of nurses in the SF and possibilities for reframing the supervision carried out by nurses in the SF’. The results showed that the supervision carried out by nurses in the FH has a predominance of strict control addressed in the dimension of Foucauldian disciplinary power studied. However, the power identified in supervision presented other outcomes, considering that it (power) is a producer of things, which not only controls and oppresses, but also has positive effects in the construction of healthy work environments, with appreciation of interactions, establishment of trust, strengthening of teamwork and support for workers, aspects that result in the promotion of psychological safety in the FH. There were multiple challenges for supervision in the FH, such as: the intensification of the pace of work in the FH, insufficient support from central management to conduct supervision and fear of being accused of moral harassment in the exercise of supervision. Supervision in the educational approach in health was evidenced in the nurses' work process, although it presented weaknesses to be overcome, considering the role that it has in the transformation of health practices. Even with these obstacles, possibilities for redefining supervision were identified, with advances towards strengthening interprofessional work in the FH. Keywords: Nursing Supervision. Family Health. Health Team. Interprofessional Relations. Job. Power (psychology).
Efeitos da meta-clorofenilpiperazina (mCPP) sobre a aprendizagem reversa em ratos: implementação do teste e exploração de diferenças entre machos e fêmeas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Leite, Erinete da Silva; Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8128292489968693
Several mental disorders are known for behavioral rigidity, especially ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder (OCD), which is associated with dysfunctions in the prefrontal cortices and resistance to reconditioning when environmental rules are changed (reversal learning). Rats treated with meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) are used as an animal model for OCD, showing changes such as increased anxiety and compulsive behaviors. Little is known, however, about the effects of mCPP in females and behavioral flexibility. The present study aimed to implement the reversal learning test and apply it to rats treated with mCPP, verifying potential performance differences in relation to the model and between sexes. 145 adult Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old, 73 males and 72 females) were conditioned in a T-maze and subsequently reconditioned for the reversal learning test. In experiment 1, males and females were compared to each other. Males and females learned alike about the position of food in the maze, progressively decreasing omissions, mistakes made, and the time to reach the food. Differences between sexes were observed only in the reversal learning phase, with a greater number of errors made by females in these sessions, indicating less behavioral flexibility to decouple the behavior from a previously learned and well-established rule. In experiment 2, mCPP or saline administrations occurred 20 min before each session. 2 mg/Kg of mCPP produced an increase in omissions and reaction time in females, both in learning and in reversal learning, in addition to a longer reaction time for males only in reversal learning. These results suggest a more prominent motor and/or motivational effect of mCPP in females even more important than the induction of OCD-related behavioral inflexibility.
Resolução de Problemas: um olhar sobre as dificuldades apresentadas por alunos de 5º ano e proposta de sequência didática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Del Rovere, Monise Bacci; Bertoncello, Luciene Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028970771846775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5952902071783235
The present work aims to identify the difficulties that students find in problem-solving activities, in order to identify and solve these obstacles in order to facilitate the learning of math. The research was developed taking into account both theoretical and practical aspects. The research methodology used was based on the principles of Didactic Engineering. As a theoretical framework for the present work, renowned authors were used who addressed the importance of problem solving for the development of students’ logical mathematical reasoning and as a tool that helps the teaching and learning process. The importance of working on reading and writing in mathematics classes and the concept of literacy was also addressed. Finally, it was commented on the mathematical operations, important aspects in their learning, as well as possible difficulties that students may present. After, bibliographic studies and definition of the target audience of the research, a questionnaire was prepared for the parents of the students about their observations regarding the difficulties of their children with regard to problem solving. A list of activities was later elaborated for the students of the 5th year of elementary school to carry out, seeking to observe the difficulties encountered by the children. After that, interventions were made by the teacher in relation to the main points observed and new activities were applied to observe the Evolution of the students. It was evident that, after the teacher's intervention, the students showed progress, either in mathematical operations or in the interpretation of problems, thus demonstrating the importance of the teacher's attentive look towards the student, looking for strategies to assist their teaching and learning process.
Caracterização da complacência intracraniana e sua resposta à mudança postural em indivíduos na fase crônica do Acidente Vascular Cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Ocamoto, Gabriela Nagai; Spaveri Júnior, Deusdedit Lineu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9474695031005694; Russo, Thiago Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7260472710652180
Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. Unfortunately, most survivors do not return to their activities fully, causing a burden to the public system due to the costs of hospitalization, rehabilitation, and social security, with the risk of having a recurrent stroke within the first five years. After the stroke, the individual starts to compose sedentary lifestyle habits due to incapacity or changes in routine. It is known that stroke and sedentary lifestyle generate changes in the cardiovascular system and the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which may explain the risk for new cerebrovascular events. Among the regulatory components of CBF, there is intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compliance (ICC). Developing innovative ways to monitor ICP and ICC is of clinical interest for critical care medicine and neurological and cardiovascular rehabilitation. Non-invasive monitoring tools open perspectives to understand cerebral hemodynamics in chronic and disabling situations and can help prevent, early diagnosis, or even guide a rehabilitation program. In addition, the relationship with the ICC is still little explored, with the variability of concepts and measures. Given this scenario, the thesis addresses in the first manuscript a scoping review on the ideas and methodologies of intracranial compliance and in the second manuscript the characterization of intracranial compliance in the chronic phase of stroke. In the first manuscript, it was found that most studies reported the concept of compliance as related to volume and pressure variations or their inverse (elastance), mainly in the intracranial compartment. In addition, terms such as “accommodation,” “compensation,” “reserve capacity,” and “buffering capacity” were used to describe the clinical interpretation. The second part of this review described the techniques (invasive and non-invasive) and outcomes used to measure ICC. The most used method was the invasive, representing 57-88% of the studies. The most evaluated variables were ICP, mainly absolute values or pulse amplitude. ICP waveforms should be further explored, together with the potential of non-invasive methods since different aspects of ICC can be measured. The second manuscript was a cross-sectional study composed of 33 individuals with chronic post-stroke and 33 without neurological alterations and sedentary behavior. The evaluations were carried out in 2 days, respecting one week between each. The sensorimotor impairment of post-stroke volunteers, walking speed, physical activity level, intracranial pressure, and compliance of both groups were assessed. When comparing ICP wave peaks and inactivity time within and between groups, no significant differences were identified, with differences in walking speed and number of steps present. The present study concludes that individuals in the post-stroke chronic phase with sedentary behaviors positively respond to intracranial compliance during rest and active postural change. This finding expands the possibility of using intracranial compliance assessment methods in other therapeutic approaches, such as prescription and intensity of a rehabilitation program. In addition, ICC monitoring can be considered a complementary resource to ICP monitoring and clinical examination.
Comparação da eletroxidação de compostos orgânicos usando eletrodos plano e tela considerando a área eletroativa e a transferência de massa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Verzola, Marco Aurélio; Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5731427543078859
Toxic organic compounds present in industrial effluents have their concentration limits for disposal determined by increasingly strict environmental and sanitary laws, as they can cause serious problems to the environment and human health. Often, the treatment of these effluents is carried out using biological processes, however, some classes of compounds, including phenolic, are quite refractory to this type of treatment, thus requiring the use of other technologies. Due to these factors, electrochemical techniques have stood out as a promising treatment alternative, mainly for their efficiency and environmental compatibility. However, the energy consumption of the process still represents a factor to be improved for its effective application. In this work, we studied the electrochemical degradation of phenol using different geometries (plate and mesh) of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. In a first step, the electroactive area of these electrodes was determined (76.6 cm² - mesh and 60.5 cm² - plate) for an effective comparison of phenol degradation applying the limiting current calculated considering the electrochemical and the geometric area. The process was optimized regarding the mass transfer, with the best mass transfer coefficient values obtained using a flow velocity of 0.30 m s-1 (flow velocity). Considering the phenol degradation, the plate BDD coupled with turbulence promoters presented better results both in terms of mineralization rate and mass transfer (km= 1,26 x 10-4 m s-1), compared to the mesh BDD (km = 1,06 x 10-4 m s-1). Subsequently, it was found that the use of AE instead of AG for the calculation and application of the limit current in the degradation process led to an increase of 18.9% in the removal rate of COD. The same trend was observed for the global current efficiency (increase from 53% to 62%), leading to a reduction of the average energy consumption from 45 to 33 kWh kg-1 (considering 75% removal of the initial COD). In a third step, the electrochemical degradation was evaluated in absence of the turbulence promoter. In this case, the mass transfer coefficient decreased from 1.26 x 10-4 m s-1 to 0,48 x 10-4 m s-1, reducing the mineralization rate. The global current efficiency decreased from 62% (with TP) to 23% (without TP) leading to an increase in specific energy consumption from 33 to 90 kWh kg-1. Taking into account the results of the previous steps, the plate BDD + TP electrode was used in modulated current conditions aiming at a more effective reduction of the specific energy consumption, which effectively occurred, as there was an 85% reduction in consumption energetic, corresponding to 24.4 kWh kgCOD-1. The significant reduction is attributed to the high mass transfer rate resulting from the use of TP, associated with the specific design of the reactor used, which led to a 67% increase in current efficiency. Additionally, the consideration of AE for the calculation and application of the limit current during the modulation also allowed the process to operate with current values closer to the real limit current. Finally, the application of modulated current in the electrochemical degradation of a real laboratorial wastewater was evaluated. The results validated the effectiveness of the process by combining TP and modulated current to reduce energy consumption, thus proving to be an alternative for the treatment of effluents containing polluting organic compounds.
Performance optimization in redox flow batteries: a computational approach
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Pilonetto, Luis Felipe; Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9251636318124364
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) emerge as an alternative technology for the storage of energy on a large scale. The main characteristics of this type of device are related to its unique design, which provides scalability, decoupling between power and energy density, and the use of several types of active species. The more developed RFB to date is the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), which uses V2+/V3+ in one half-cell and VO2+(V(IV))/VO2+/(V(V)) in the other. Despite the advantages of this type of device, the VRFB still faces some drawbacks related to performance, which hinder its marketing penetration. Two of the most relevant problems are capacity loss and voltage loss. The capacity loss is caused by the non-ideal selectivity of the membrane, which allows the cross-contamination between the half-cells, leading to self-discharge reactions. The voltage loss is caused by overpotential that requires higher charging voltages and decreases the output voltage. Based on these problems, we propose a new computational method of approach to investigate the variables related to these problems and to suggest mitigation strategies to be further tested in real systems. Beyond the problems related to VRFBs, we also investigate the consequences of choosing different actives species in the performance of RFBs, based on this same method of approach. With this approach, we: (i) show how geometry influences the mitigation of overpotential and how geometric parameters interact with operating conditions; (ii) identify the operating conditions that affect the capacity loss and purpose a mitigation strategy based on the volume transfer between tanks in the reverse direction of net cross-contamination; and (iii) provide useful insights to understand how the choice of active species in RFBs is relevant to energy efficiency. Thus, we provide a set of theoretical backgrounds for experimentalists to understand the effects of several variables in the performance of redox flow batteries.
Relações entre línguas e a experiência do aprender surdo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Soler, Priscila Silveira; Martins, Vanessa Regina de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768682330164550; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7918215250106238
This research analytically approaches the relational process between the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and the Portuguese Language (PL) in the appropriation of writing by deaf signers. A certain hybridization is assumed in the learning of PL that results from the singular experience materialized in the deaf body from its interactions with Libras, adopted here as a matrix language. Although research in the area of deafness discusses the importance of differentiated teaching of PL for the deaf, based on proposals for teaching a second language (L2), methodological problems are still present in this area. Research points as a strategy to repair this, the applicability of teaching materials and new teaching methods. However, as the limitations in teaching the deaf are still evident, the objective of this study was to analyze, from the deaf perspective, the process of learning written PL based on visual experience, pointing out if there is effectively a relational knowledge between languages (oral, written and signed) that adds to this process a new place (inscribed) in deaf bodies. Thus, the deaf perspective is taken as a focus for the process of learning written PL, based on visual experience, pointing out if there is effectively a relational knowledge between languages (written and signed oral) that adds a new place of inscription of these (hybrid) practices in deaf bodies. The perspective adopted did not seek to produce teaching materials with second language methodologies based on oral languages, but pointed to the necessary attention to teaching practices and teaching resources based on listening to deaf subjects and their singularities. For this, it was necessary to describe the concepts of mother language and additional language, built based on the concept of experience matrix in Michel Foucault, therefore, in the philosophies of difference, and with a theoretical-methodological path with Genealogical inspiration. The hypothesis was that the deaf visual experience constitutes a unique place and from this matrix their experiences with the writing of the Portuguese language are forged. It is a theoretical research with empirical data analyzed from the theoretical-philosophical perspective of difference. The research instruments were: observation, recording in a field notebook, interview with deaf participants and conversation circles with the intervention of the researcher. As a result of the research, it is possible to affirm that the process of learning PL is forged in the experience with sign language and through it, new ways of life are produced, constituted in the Matrix of experience in which the subject is traversed. In this way, the experiences lived through Libras and PL assert themselves as constituting the subject's formative field and constructive practices that shape him as he does. It is, therefore, in the interconnection between Libras and PL - in the relationship between them and in the midst of these languages - that this deaf ethos is constituted. In short, the research can significantly contribute to the advancement of this theoretical reflection and adds a new look to the teaching of PL for the deaf, in the conceptual expansion for the area in an approach that privileges the deaf ontology and the bodily experiences that result from it.
High integrated battery monitoring system with active balancing up to ±10A
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Maier, Wenzel; Machado, Ricardo Quadros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927458584410491; Gonçalves, Amilcar Flamarion Querubini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742343294433199; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4143128755187226
This master's thesis describes the development, construction, and setup of a flexible and modular, highly integrated battery monitoring system. The electronic unit uses an active balancing process with currents up to ±10A to redistribute and balance the electrical energy within a battery stack. In order to be able to charge and discharge an accumulator cell with this high current, a galvanic isolated DC/DC converter is necessary, which can transfer energy bidirectionally with low losses. The output of this converter is connected to a power multiplexer, which selects a desired accumulator cell of the battery stack in a targeted manner. This enables the cell voltage to be measured and the flow of energy to or from the cell. This allows the DC/DC converter unit to be used jointly by several accumulator cells connected in series, thereby reducing installation space and costs considerably. While the multiplexer has a structure that is as simple as possible to keep the outlay for implementation low, the bidirectional DC/DC converter uses two highly efficient converter stages to implement the potential separation and the voltage adjustment to the accumulator cell. The function and structure of these two converter stages, which are independent of one another, are dealt with in detail in this work, with a mathematical model also describing the interaction of the entire battery management system. Furthermore, all peripheral modules, such as auxiliary power supply, analog measuring unit, communication and digital control unit, of the DC/DC converter module are presented and explained. The performance of the presented concept is proven by measurements on a hardware prototype. Based on the input and output power, the efficiency as well as the power loss of the DC/DC converter, the multiplexer and the entire electronic were determined. The implemented battery management system allows the selected cell to be balanced in a short time with an efficiency of up to 85%. In addition, the cell voltage measurement, which is particularly important for monitoring the battery, was checked and tested. After adjusting the electronic, a voltage measurement with a resolution of ±500µV is possible. This allows the state of charge of each individual cell to be determined with great accuracy.
Percepções dos profissionais de saúde em relação aos cuidados paliativos no contexto da atenção primária à saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Sartori, Kamila Pena; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3654403944706469
Objective: To analyze the perceptions of professionals working in Primary Health Care in relation to Palliative Care. Materials and Methods: this is an exploratory and qualitative study, carried out with Primary Health Care workers from a municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo (high school, technical and higher education level) who agreed to participate in the research. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, following a script with guiding questions. This stage began after approval of the research project by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos. The recordings were heard repeatedly, so that there was no doubt about the content and so that the speech was fully transcribed. After this step, the transcribed narratives were validated individually with each participant. For data analysis, the Iramuteq software was used, developed for analysis of textual corpus, for later thematic analysis. Results and Discussion: Through the systematization of the data performed by the software, 04 thematic classes were built: Palliative Care: focus on the hospital environment; Palliative Care in Primary Care: challenges and possibilities for health practice; Palliative Care Indications: the perspective of the interprofessional team; The basics are not what is necessary: for training with more information. The association between Palliative Care and the hospital environment is still very present in the speeches of the participants, due to the approximation of this theme with terminally ill patients. Allied to this, the superficial knowledge on the subject, also due to a low approach of this in undergraduate and graduate courses in the health area, makes the early identification of patients with indication for Palliative Care to be impaired. Facilitators and barriers were found for the practice of Palliative Care in the Primary Health Care. The very constitution of this scenario, with its characteristics such as team care, proximity to the territory, bond, humanized care, comprehensive care are fundamental points to see palliative care where it certainly already exists. Final considerations: The present study suggests that this theme needs to be present in curricula of courses in the health area, not in a superficial way, but being approached with its real importance. It is necessary to talk about incurable diseases, about alleviating suffering and about finitude. The study presented limitations, as it was restricted to some health units in a municipality. Thus, it is suggested that more studies be developed on this topic, in order to improve the quality of care for patients with indication of such care.
Por uma arqueologia da plantação subjetiva: fugas pós-estruturalistas da antropologia ecológica contemporânea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Espósito, Yuri Bataglia; Dulley, Iracema Hilário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004789177515766; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-5313; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3995433705309213; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-8468
This dissertation investigates theoretical and methodological possibilities for contemporary anthropological analyses of subjectivation processes in colonial contexts. Paying attention to the epistemic renewal movement currently manifest in a certain ecological anthropology, poststructuralist thinking is invoked on a search for methodological lines of flight that allow the departure from modern paradigms of knowledge linked to the colonial power regime. The archeology of discourse, formulated by Michel Foucault and developed by Gilles Deleuze, is operated as a critique of empiricism and the individualization of the subject, epistemic assumptions that underlie the hegemonic anthropological methodology, fieldwork. Then, in the works of Anna Tsing and Donna Haraway are observed descriptions that relate the contemporary ecological crisis to colonial, capitalist and anthropocentric power-knowledge regimes, listing the colonial agricultural plantation as the paradigmatic landscape project of the extraction and exhaustion of ways of life. This formulation is compared to Félix Guattari‘s micropolitical theories on capitalistic subjective ecology, allowing the consideration that processes of exploration and expropriation operate in subjective landscapes as well as in social and environmental landscapes. This set of theoretical-methodological investigations is illustrated by historical considerations on modern christian missions in african territory, examining them as producers, in the subjective ecology, of diagrams of power equivalent to those of the colonial agricultural plantation.
Biomecânica do membro inferior durante o single-leg drop vertical jump: implicações para a reabilitação na tendinopatia patelar e na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Martinez, Adalberto Felipe; Serrão, Fábio Viadanna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4796201012097387
Many sports activities contain jumping and landing component exposing athletes to high joint loads. Consequently, these athletes have a high incidence of acute and overuse injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and patellar tendinopathy (PT), respectively. In jumping athletes, the incidence of PT ranges from 11.8% to 50% according with sport level and what kind of sport. Regarding ACL injuries, up to 121 injuries per 100,000 people/year. Athletes who undergo ACL reconstruction are subject to second ACL injury or knee osteoarthritis. Considering the possible influence of biomechanical factors in these injuries, the objectives of this thesis was to verify factors associated with knee joint overload during landing phase of single leg drop vertical jump and its implications for rehabilitation of PT and for athletes with ACL reconstruction. In this thesis, two studies were carried out. In the first study, the objective was to evaluate the association between peak ankle dorsiflexion and ankle dorsiflexion excursion during landing with peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), vGRF load rate, peak patellar tendon force, patellar tendon force load rate and peak ankle plantar flexor moment during landing phase of single-leg drop vertical jump task. In this way, a three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of 26 healthy recreational jumping athletes was performed using a camera system synchronized to a force plate. Ankle dorsiflexion excursion was negatively correlated with vGRF loading rate and positively with ankle plantar flexor moment. In addition, there was a positive correlation between ankle dorsiflexion peak and vGRF peak. In the second study, the objective was to compare the peak of the vGRF, peak moments, hip, knee and ankle moments in the peak of the vGRF and total support moment during landing phase of single-leg drop vertical jump between the involved and uninvolved limb of athletes with ACL reconstruction and heathy control athletes. For this purpose, using the same methodology of first study, 12 athletes with ACL reconstruction with hamstring ipsilateral grafts (GRLCA) and 14 healthy recreational control athletes (GC) were assessed. Peak of vGRF and knee extensor moment at peak of vGRF were higher in the involved limb of reconstructed athletes than in the control athletes. From these two studies, we concluded that: 1- lower ankle dorsiflexion excursion is associated with a greater vGRF loading rate, but there is no association between ankle kinematics and patellar tendon loads; and 2- Compared to the control group, the involved limb of the ACLRG presents greater vGRF and greater knee extensor moment at peak of vGRF during SLDVJ landing. These results suggest that greatest load occurs on the ACL graft at the time of the peak of vGRF.
Um olhar para o infinito: cartografias de saúde mental com educadoras de educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Fragelli, Clau; Ferigato, Sabrina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0656306868862112
The present research deals with the mental health of early childhood educators, in relation to their daily work. The health of workers has been a concern since the beginning of the 20th century. Teaching, as a job, was identified by the International Labor Organization as a profession with specific risks. Research points to an increasing number of diagnoses of depression, anxiety, stress, anguish, Burnout syndrome, and other psycho-emotional problems in this professional category, and a generally very negative perspective of mental health in relation to teaching work. They also point to the need for more research, debates, reflections and mobilizations on the subject, as well as policies and practices that promote health, as we will explain throughout the dissertation. Early Childhood Education in Brazil has been, since 1996, the first stage of Basic Education, which must be carried out by professionals trained in undergraduate or secondary education (teaching) courses. Although it is a professionalized work, there is a lack of specific Mental Health research on this stage. To identify and analyze the perception of early childhood educators about their own mental health in the work process, a cartographic research with a qualitative approach is proposed. Cartography, by inverting the logic of the method on research, proposes to accompany the processes produced and transformed by the research process, by those who research and by those who participate. As data production techniques, this research used semi-structured interviews and the configuration of a group, with mapping activities and Photo-voice. From the production of the research, it is proposed to present the results analyzed through Thematic Analysis, in four groups: institutional relations; crossings of the Covid-19 pandemic; interpersonal relationships; and powers and coping strategies for the production of teaching mental health. It is concluded that the precariousness of work spaces and labor relations; physical/emotional overload, social and financial devaluation in relation to the category; structuring cultural elements (machismo/patriarchy and racism); in addition to the permanent need to respond to the expectations of other groups (fathers, mothers, family members, management...) they were identified as processes that produce psychological distress. On the other hand, the emerging potential of the relationship with babies and children, the affective networks and the possibilities of daily creation were pointed out as elements that produce mental health and well-being.
Uma análise da construção do pensamento científico do conceito de ditadura militar proposta em livros didáticos de história do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Covre, Ariane Lia; Tedeschi, Wania; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5743322664981581; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3311222309845623
From the questioning about how the themes related to the period of the Military Dictatorship are developed in the schools, this research had as main objective to investigate how the scientific thinking of the concept of the Military Dictatorship can be developed with the contribution of the textbooks. We start from the hypothesis that conceptual learning on the theme of the Military Dictatorship can promote the development of scientific concepts about this period, allowing students to problematize and critically analyse. The specific objectives of this work were: to select the central elements for the development of scientific thought available in the literature on cultural-historical theory; to relate aspects of historiography on the theme of the Military Dictatorship to the overview of the approach to the concept carried out by History textbooks, describe the understanding of the concept of Military Dictatorship through the investigation of conceptual links and analyze the way in which the construction of the concept of Military Dictatorship in Two History Textbooks of the 9th Year of Elementary School. The criterion for choosing the two textbooks analyzed was based on the scope of this didactic resource in the teaching and learning process and because they are among the most chosen books by the schools that participated in the PNLD for four consecutive years. Based on historical-cultural theory to understand the sociocultural, historical, and philosophical aspects that configure scientific thinking and conceptual learning of the concept of Military Dictatorship, we describe the elements that enable the construction of scientific thinking about Military Dictatorship according to conceptual, internal and external links , present in the organization of the teaching of the selected books. We assume as a theoretical-methodological reference the content analysis proposed by Bardin. The analysis model was based on the a priori choice of conceptual links, authoritarianism and democratic rupture, to identify the way in which the selected History textbooks present the concept of Military Dictatorship. We conclude that the logic of organizing the content of textbooks, in general, still presents problems related to the traditional perspective of History teaching on the theme of the Military Dictatorship. Elements such as the opportunity for problematization, the perspective of exploring conflicts in a continuous and related way and the presence of different social groups in the constitution of historical processes, are provided, but in considerably different ways in the two analyzed books. In this way, textbooks present advances in the sense of contributing to the development of the conceptual nexus of Military Dictatorship. However, this contribution is not predominant in the sense of guaranteeing scientific understanding of this period that overcomes the interpretations crystallized in memory and common sense.
Caracterização de scaffolds a base de colágeno tipo I aniônico visando tratamento de lesões na pele
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Campos, Jessica Valéria de; Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294; Assis, Odílio Benedito Garrido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4626267791983725; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2608269541825965
Skin lesions can reach different intensities along the tissue, being the deepest those that affect all layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis), hampering the self-healing natural process. These make it essential use dressings to help the healing of the region. The need for dressings that simulate the tissue environment of the skin has driven studies in the field, being one of the main areas associated with tissue engineering, with a growing development in the use of biomaterials for making compatible structures such as the scaffolds. Type I collagen, due to its excellent biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and cell affinity, has been widely used in the processing of scaffolds for various applications, and mainly for skin regeneration. In the present work, the scaffolds were prepared in partnership with the company Jhaady Indústria e Comércio (São Carlos, SP) using type I collagen extracted from serous swine, in four extraction times (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) by the method of selective hydrolysis, and using the casting technique in three different suspension medium (phosphate buffered saline 10 times concentrated, phosphate solution once concentrated and acetic acid), followed by lyophilization, giving rise to eight different types of scaffolds named S24hPB, S24hPBf, S48hPB, S48hPBf, S72hf, S72hAc, S96hf and S96hAc, according to the extraction time and suspension solution used. The physical-chemical evaluations of the scaffolds and samples of a commercial product Chondro-gide (Geistlich Pharma, Switzerland), provided data from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) making it possible to investigate the structure regarding the presence, distribution and size of pores, as well as porosity, in addition to the temperature required for denaturation (Td) of collagen by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in addition to analyzes of hydration capacity and hydrophilicity by contact angles measurements. The biological part, related to in vitro growing studies consisted in the inoculation of 1x106 mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and cultures for 8, 12, 72 and 168 hours, associated with methods of analysis of cell counting by hemocytometer, analysis of nutrients (glucose and lactate) and scaffolds growth estimation by nutrient quantification, which together allowed us to selected four scaffolds (S48hPB, S48hPBf, S72hf and S96hf), as the most efficient in the cell culture growth. These scaffolds and the commercial sample (Chondro-Gide) were also tested with keratinocytes and fibroblasts, allowing observing cell adhesion and growth on the surface through SEM analysis, and the distribution of cells along the matrices of each sample by confocal fluorescence microscopy. In addition, quantitative cell growth data demonstrated that all samples show similar or higher efficiencies in cell adhesion and growth than Chondro-Gide, as samples S48hPB, S48hPBf, S72hf and S96hf. Thus, our study presents materials with physicochemical and biological characteristics suitable for cell growth and indicated for use in tissue engineering, in particular in the treatment of skin lesions.
Análise genotóxica do Fipronil® no cérebro de abelhas da espécie Bombus atratus (HYMENOPTERA, BOMBINI)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-22) Provase, Michele; Abdalla, Fábio Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7770803221041927; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7262712256652151
Fipronil® is a neurotoxic insecticide, effective for control of crop pests. However, there are no data about possible genotoxic effect of sublethal concentrations in the brain of pollinator bees. Therefore, this study aimed sought to analyze the genotoxicity of fipronil® at two concentrations estimated in the field in the brain of foraging workers of Bombus atratus through microelectrophoresis. Workers of B. atratus were collected in the field and transferred to laboratory where they were kept isolately at 26 ºC and 70% relative humidity for 96 hours. Exposure was performed by offering a solution contaminated with fipronil at 2.5 ppb and 3.5 ppb and water as control. Sucrose syrup at 70% was offered to all groups as food ad libitum. After exposure, the workers were crio-anesthezied at 4 ºC and dissected, the removed brain was macerated and centrifuged to isolate the nuclei. The prepared samples were submitted to the Comet Assay technique. Comets were analyzed using an optical microscope, and by the parameters: Damage Index (ID), Damage Frequency (FD%) and Total Damage (DT). Tukey's statistical test was also applied (p<0.05). The results showed that the mean values obtained for ID and FD% showed notable differences between the experimental groups in relation to the control group. However, when analyzing DT through the Tukey test, it was observed that the concentration of 2.5 ppb did not cause significant damage to the DNA of the neural cells of B. atratus (p=0.4434), as observed in the concentration of 3.5 ppb, that induced significant genotoxic effects in the brain of these bees (p=0.0215). Thus, it is concluded that the concentration found in fields of 3.5 ppb is genotoxic to the brain of B. atratus workers.