Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2022-02-24"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 23

Propriedades óticas e elétricas de dicalcogenetos de metais de transição sobre talco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Prando, Gabriela Augusta; Craciun, Monica; Gobato, Yara Galvão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9441635540728204
Two-dimensional (2D) systems have attracted great attention in the last years, for fundamental physics and in potential applications as optoelectronic devices. There is a great interest in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) due to their direct gap for monolayer, which makes them optically active, with strong spin-valley and excitonic effects. In this work, we explore the use of talc dielectrics as a potentially clean alternative substrate to hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). We a result, we have observed several emission peaks associated with excitonic complexes, including "dark" trions (DT) and phonon replicas of DT. We have performed magneto-photoluminescence studies on high-quality monolayer WS2/talc at low temperature, under high magnetic fields (up to 30T) applied perpendicular to the monolayer plane. The g-factors of the emission peaks were extracted, and the nature of the observed peaks was discussed in detail. In addition, we fabricated field-effect devices (FET) based on MoSe2/talc and MoS2 /talc. Our devices have shown small hysteresis, which does not depend strongly on the sweep rate, and negligible leakage current. In general, our experimental results suggest that talc is a promising material for protecting van der Waals (VdW) heterostructures to explore fundamental physics and for use in optoelectronics.
Saúde mental e sofrimento psíquico na perspectiva de adolescentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Gasparini, Danieli Amanda; Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3165057171655949
There is not just one way to be adolescent, therefore, the bodily and psychological changes that may happen in this period of life must be considered from the socioeconomic, historical and cultural context in which the individual is inserted. Based on the analysis of the most recent literature, it is possible to perceive a concern about the adolescents mental health, since the rates of psychological distress in this population are on the rise. On the other hand, there is an indication of the need for more studies that address the issue of mental health based on the experiences of adolescents themselves, considering their perspective on the knowledge construction about themselves. Thus, this study objective was to identify the understanding of adolescent high school students about mental health and psychological distress. The methodology used was qualitative and exploratory. The participants were 15 adolescent-high school students from public and private schools in a country city of the state of São Paulo, identified by the “snowball” type sampling. The data acquisition was carried out in a virtual environment, through a video call application, through the technique of graphic elucidation and open interview. Data were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. From the results analysis, it was possible to perceive that the adolescents understand that mental health is the sensation produced when one can do something pleasurable, which generates well-being, but is also related to the feelings and emotions that emerge from everyday events, and that it negatively impacts the reality of the subjects when it is impaired. The participants also addressed what they identified as favoring mental health. As, for example, having a support network (friends and family) and carrying out meaningful activities, while conflicts with parents/guardians and personal characteristics (relating difficulty, dealing with frustrations) were one of the indicated situations that harm mental health. About psychic suffering, their speeches were based on their own experiences, from living with people who go through this phenomenon and from what they have imagined this condition to be, highlighting the understanding that adolescents who suffer psychically have feelings of inferiority, loneliness, insecurity, loss of interest in dayli activities and difficulty in accessing help. The COVID-19 Pandemic was indicated as harmful to the mental health of adolescents, due to the difficulties that this condition caused in their daily activities and relationships. The results produced by the participants referred to the discussion about how much the theme of mental health and psychic suffering seem to be present in this population experiences, since the subjects were treated with familiarity and from different dimensions. The findings contribute with elements of a reflective and practical nature, that may collaborate with the development of care and mental health promotion strategies for this population that are more participatory and contextualized to their needs.
Direito humano de acesso à água e ao saneamento: discussão do novo marco regulatório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Camargo, Marcos Mancio Affonso; Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0523462819382580
Considering the strategic nature of expanding access to water for the socioeconomic development of States, for the maintenance of life and ecosystems and for the supply of basic human needs, the emphasis that this discussion should have on political agendas becomes evident. The new regulatory framework for basic sanitation in Brazil raises the issue of increasing the participation of the private sector in an essential sector that, as a rule, should place universal access to water as a fundamental and priority human right. In this context, it is important to develop a critical analysis on the expansion of the possibility of concession and privatization of water and sewage services, the importance of Hydrographic Basin Committees and Water Agencies for the implementation of participatory and democratic management and due social control regarding to the management of water resources. Based on the analysis of the presentation, discussion, approval and publication of federal law 14.026/2020, which provides for the new regulatory framework for basic sanitation, the objective of this research is to compare the new law with the previous one, seeking to identify the main points and challenges universal access to water and management of water resources. This research has a descriptive character and follows a qualitative approach, based on a bibliographic and documental research on the deliberations carried out in the context of the regulation of basic sanitation. Observations on the changes and implications of the new regulatory framework for basic sanitation intend to demonstrate what obstacles will be overcome so that the new law makes universal access to water possible and what are the risks of commodifying a fundamental right.
Conhecimento e vivência de professores da educação infantil e fundamental com relação à Asma: estudo misto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Brosso, Lilian; Okido, Aline Cristiane Cavicchioli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4358128584478380; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2009803944078402
Objective: analyze the level of knowledge of teachers about asthma and learn about their experiences with asthma exacerbations at school. Method: This is a mixed explanatory sequential study carried out with kindergarten and elementary school teachers. Initially, we applied an online form composed of the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire and a characterization instrument. After that, the teachers who claimed to have experienced severe asthma in the school environment participated in the qualitative stage by means of written statements. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics, using the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and univariate and multivariate linear regression. The qualitative data analysis followed the steps recommended by the deductive thematic content analysis technique. All the ethical precepts of research with human beings were respected. Results: Of the 201 teachers who participated in the study, 132 showed an unsatisfactory level of knowledge. The variables "time in the job" and "asthma diagnosis" were significantly related to the knowledge score (p=0.017, p=0.006, respectively); therefore, the teachers with the highest knowledge scores were those with the shortest time in the job and who had been diagnosed with asthma. In the qualitative stage, 35 teachers participated and the statements corroborated the quantitative findings, especially regarding the lack of knowledge about the disease and the consequent unpreparedness to help the child in crisis, as well as reports of feeling safe among asthmatic teachers. Conclusion: The knowledge of most teachers about asthma is unsatisfactory, and it is relevant to structure future educational interventions.
Alterações inflamatórias no tecido adiposo visceral e músculo esquelético em ratos wistar obesos exógenos frente ao protocolo de treinamento aeróbico e/ou intervenção dietética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Costa, Jean Lucas Fernandes da; Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9030040694946608
Obesity is a disease that has a multifactorial etiology that can lead to the triggering of several other diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes. In addition, the expansion of adipose tissue has led to harmful consequences not only in this tissue, but in a systemic way. In this sense, the search for strategies that reduce body adiposity, such as physical exercise and dietary interventions, have been investigative targets in several studies. Thus, this study aimed to determine the concentrations of inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, to verify changes in body mass and adipocyte size in obese rats after continuous moderate-intensity training (MICT) and/or dietary intervention. After eight weeks of obesity induction through the consumption of a palatable high-fat diet (HFD), twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control rats fed with HFD (HFD-SED); obesity rats fed with HFD and submitted to MICT (HFD-MICT); obesity rats that were submitted to a nutritional intervention by switching HFD to chow-diet (CD-SED); and obesity rats that were submitted to MICT and nutritional intervention by switching HFD to chow-diet (CD-MICT). All animals in the training groups were submitted to MICT with an intensity of 50-80% of Vmax, three times a week, for 8 weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle (GAST) and mesenteric adipose tissue (mWAT) were collected to quantify TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, retroperitoneal (rWAT) and epididymal (eWAT) adipose tissue were collected and weighed. The body mass was recorded before and after the experimental protocol and mWAT adipocyte morphology was assessed using histological analysis. The results showed that the HFD-SED presented higher body mass, higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in mWAT and an increase in adipocyte size and other obesity parameters. The CD-SED and CD-MICT groups showed reductions in body mass, relative weight of visceral fat deposits, adipocyte area of mWAT, and increased maximal exercise capacity. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in these groups in mWAT, but not in GAST. In addition, the CD-MICT group showed high values for the IL-10/TNF-α ratio in mWAT. Finally, we conclude that an eight-week dietary intervention independently or associated with MICT are effective in reducing some of the deleterious effects caused by obesity.
Avaliação de vetores de expressão para Xantomonas ssp. aplicados à produção de goma xantana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Cruz, Richard Daniel; Silva, Adilson José da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3395801862401235
Xanthomonas sp. are proteobacteria widely known for its pathogenic association with varied species of plants, such as Xanthomonas campestris, which causes black rot that affects crucifers. Its pathogenicity is partially supported by the production of a biofilm that has high viscosity, xanthan gum. This biopolymer has properties that allow it to complement natural and synthetic water-soluble gums, presenting emulsifying and thickening activity, showing great appreciation for several industry sectors. Unfortunately, Brazil doesn’t have a national production of the compound, being totally dependent on imports. To make the gum production process more attractive and efficient, it is highly relevant to enter the field of development of optimized strains, which is being little explored. Contributing to change this scenario, Kundlascht (2017) developed a deterministic mathematical model that encompasses the reactions for the synthesis of xanthan gum monomers, and from it was able to identify a bottleneck in this pathway with the reactions catalyzed by the enzymes UDPGlucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPG-PP) and UDP-Glucose dehydrogenase (UDPGdeH). With these results obtained in silico, the present work sought to validate this hypothesis in vivo, cloning the genes for the enzymes UDPG-PP and UDPG-deH in very versatile vectors used for the construction of metabolic pathways, belonging to the ePathBrick vectors collection, based on the Biobrick. Initially these plasmids showed promise for use in the chassis of Xanthomonas campestris sub. campestris (XCC), but throughout the experiments they were not functional in the bacterium. From this results, new objectives were set, resulting in the proposal to construct plasmids for use in XCC while maintaining the versatility of the ePathBrick vectors backbone.
Laplaciano de Dirichlet em faixas com cantos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Silva, Kauane de Araujo; Verri, Alessandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794549732815622; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4831961764491209
Let $\Omega_\theta$ be an unbounded V-shaped set of the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$ , that is, a strip with a corner, and consider $ - \Delta^{D}_{\Omega_\theta}$ the Dirichlet Laplacian in $ \Omega_\theta$. In this work, we will study the spectral problem of $ - \Delta^{D}_{\Omega_\theta}$ and show how its spectral properties essentially depend on a single parameter, the opening angle of the region. We will characterize the essential spectrum of the operator and, in addition, to ensure the existence of its discrete spectrum, we will also find some properties for such a set. In particular, about its finiteness and how the opening of the strip influences this quantity.
Desenvolvimento e validação de material educativo para usuários de cateterismo urinário intermitente e seus cuidadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Bentlin, Jéssica Perrucino; Fumincelli, Laís; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9372589851606243; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0154887653087882
Objective: to develop and validate an educational material for children and adolescents with lower urinary tract disorders using clean intermittent urinary catheterization and their caregivers. Methods: A two-step methodological study for the development and validation of educational material for children and adolescents using clean intermittent urinary catheterization and their caregivers. Results: In the first stage, the material was built with the plot “The incredible journey of Dona Xiga and Seu Tino”, with two characters called “Dona Xiga” and “Seu Tino” who tell the walk through the urinary and intestinal system. In the second stage of material validation, six judges participated in the study with a total of 97.6% agreement on the items evaluated. Conclusion: This material can contribute to clinical practice and provide the catheter user and their caregiver with educational improvement for experience with the procedure, rehabilitation care at home and continuous assessment by nurses.
Um estudo de valorizações transcendentes e algébricas via polinômios-chaves e pares minimais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Souza, Caio Henrique Silva de; Novacoski, Josnei Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9177746370874059; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9529056159189021
The main goal of this work is to study transcendental valuations and algebraic valuations. To achieve this, we use some of the main objects in Valuation Theory, such as key polynomials, truncations and minimal pairs. These objects will lead us to the results which will build the central part of this text and will be seen as the specific goals of this work. We will begin studying valuations in a general way and then we focus on monomial valuations. We will explore the concept of key polynomials and truncations, proving many technical results. Then, we will present the idea of minimal pair of definition, relating it to key polynomials and truncations. After that, we will study transcendental valuations and complement results of Novacoski (2019). We will also study part of Bengus-Lasnier (2021) recent work on balls and diskoids. In the last chapter, we will study algebraic valuations. We will finish our work presenting a classification proposed by Alexandru, Popescu and Zaharescu (1988, 1990a, 1990b) for all valuations on K(x), the field of rational functions over a field K, and with this classification we will make a general overview of the results we presented before.
Análise de um conversor fonte de tensão a quatro fios com corrente de neutro gerada por cargas desequilibradas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Silva, Paulo Fernando; Gonçalves, Amilcar Flamarion Querubini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742343294433199; Nascimento, Claudionor Francisco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7482480424827756; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0549628304803628
Several studies have examined the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The use of sustainable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is focused by some of these studies. The Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is usually emplayed to connect solar photovoltaic systems to the electrical grid. The four-wire VSC enables the connection of three-phase four-wire grids to single-, two-, and three-phase loads in addition to providing a path for the load neutral current. The load neutral current is generated at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC), produced by unbalanced single- or three-phase loads. As confirmed in the literature, depending on the VSC application, the load neutral can be splitted into two parts, the midpoint and neutral currents, generating problems in the VSC and in its respective operations, such as voltage surge on the DC side of the VSC. The present study analyzes the midpoint current in four-wire VSC, operating as a follower and grid-former under unbalanced voltage in the PCC. The following were studied in this analysis: the four-wire VSC, application of the proportional-resonant controller in the VSC control system operating as a follower and grid-former, application of the filter between the point of the capacitors and the common point of the loads connected to the PCC. A literature review of the four-wire VSC and simulation results indicated that the midpoint current carries low amplitude frequencies that when interacting with capacitors on the DC side of the VSC promote voltage ripple across them.
Análise diagnóstica de cursos de graduação em engenharia mecânica à luz das novas diretrizes curriculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Madalozzo, Yohanna; Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045
Although engineering and engineering education existed for centuries; standardization started just a few decades ago. In Brazil, the first engineering course emerged in 1792, yet only in 1976 appeared initial curriculum guidelines that, in 2002, were replaced for national regulations. Those regulations are the foundation for pedagogical projects nowadays. However, several projects had already shown some aspects of the curriculum guidelines launched in 2019, where the aptitudes were more meaningful than the content. This work delivers a diagnostic analysis of various pedagogical projects of mechanical engineering courses for the sake of new curriculum guidelines to envision the correlation between a manifold of projects and, accordingly, the subjects, students' performance, and universities in official assessments. The correlation can be validated using the method of Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling or PLS-SEM. Some templates used keywords from projects and the National Assessment System of University Education to understand if the correlation between variables was valid. The results had shown that only one of the templates achieved a tolerable validation: a template that only considered pedagogic projects published from 2013. Other templates bring several noteworthy inputs to understand topics that need improvement for future projects.
Esperança familiar no contexto dos cuidados paliativos perinatal e neonatal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Franco, Larissa Fernandes; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7410170114609887
The present study is theoretical, of a reflective nature, with the objective of mapping scientific evidence on family hope in the context of perinatal and neonatal palliative care and weaving reflections on the subject. To this end, a scoping review was developed, with the intention of identifying what is already presented in the literature, followed by notes in the direction of contributing to the conceptual densification and practical renewal of peri and neonatal PC in terms of hope. Searches were performed in the following databases: CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO following the JBI recommendations. A total of 466 articles were identified, 22 excluded for being duplicates and 393 after reading the title and abstract for not meeting the objectives of the study. For full reading, 51 articles were selected, of which ninewere unavailable/or with restricted access and 29 were excluded for not answering the research question; thus 13 articles were selected for this study. The study reveals two main milestones for hope: difficulty in handling “uncertainty” in the face of diagnosis and information, which we categorize as ANNOUNCEMENT; the other relates to the later moment of “certainty” in the face of the intention to relate and experience parenting, called LINKING and CARE. It was identified that the recognition of hope as a structuring of confrontation and part of autonomy is fundamental and was disregarded according to studies analyzed in this review. Hope is directly related to autonomy, the more the former, the more the latter, the same happens in the reverse situation; it is dependent on the social relationships and meanings attributed for it to be established. When faced with situations, environments and professionals that culminate in hopelessness, autonomy is weakened, and they become passive in the process. Hope is, therefore, a force capable of directing parents on the path of uncertainties experienced through the diagnosis of a condition that compromises their child's life, and health professionals are fundamental elements to keep them moving, acting as support.
Fatores econômicos, qualidade de vida e fragilidade de pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Silva, Elaine Santos da; Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6442251170070148
Introduction: aging is not synonymous with disability and dependence, but the accumulation of age-related conditions and conditions can cause greater vulnerability, so it is relevant to better understand the adversities that influence quality of life, such as the frailty syndrome and the economic factors. Objective: to verify the relationships between economic factors, quality of life and frailty of elderly people residing in the community and registered at the Family Health Strategy Unit, in the periods of 2015 and 2018. Method: this is an exploratory prospective longitudinal study, of a quantitative nature, developed in the city of São Carlos, of 223 elderly people. With data collection through interviews carried out in the participants' homes. The following instruments were used: a semi-structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic and economic data; Short Form 6 Dimension, to assess quality of life, and the Edmonton Frailty Scale, to classify frailty. Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median, according to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, categorical variables are presented as absolute frequency (relative frequency), and comparisons between groups were performed using the test of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney for continuous variables and Pearson's chi-square test with Yates continuity correction for categorical variables. Results: most individuals were female (57.4%), with a median age of 68 years, married (63.2%) and most do not live alone (85.2%). Regarding economic factors, the majority did not have a job (70.9%) and received some type of social security benefit – retirement or pension (81.6%) per capita income was R$ 724.00. The mean quality of life score was 0.75 ± 0.15. At baseline, there were 59 (26.5%) frail while 73 (40.8%) were vulnerable and 91 (32.7%) were non-frail, and the mean frailty score as a linear function of time and variables showed a statistically significant association with age (Coef.β: 0.046 95% CI: 0.021 – 0.071; p < 0.001), male gender (Coef.β: - 0.915 95% CI: 1.275 – -0.555; p < 0.001) and quality of life (Coef.β: - 6,348 95% CI: -7,581 - -5,114; p < 0.001). Conclusion: in the initial assessment, most participants were vulnerable, and during follow-up, non-frail individuals became frail without being classified as vulnerable, showing that the progression of frailty exists and is not linear. It was also noted that there is a relationship between frailty and the quality of life of the elderly, corroborating the literature and affirming the importance of social and health care to change this situation in order to prevent the progression of frailty in elderly people. and the decrease in the negative perception of quality of life.
Sistemas agroflorestais implantados em áreas de preservação permanente e seus efeitos na qualidade da água de riachos localizados na Amazônia Mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Bentos, Adriel Barboza; Cunha-Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5702789962514874
This study aimed to assess the environmental effects of Agroforestry Systems (SAF) on the water quality of streams located in rural areas of the municipality of Carlinda, north of the state of Mato Grosso, territory of the Portal da Amazônia (55°30' to 57 °00' W, 9°00' to 11°00' S). Five environments/systems were selected, three SAF of different ages, a Native Riparian Forest System (SMCN) and a Pasture System (Spas) to proceed with the environemntal monitoring. Five samplings and in site measurements were carried out to analyze physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of water quality, in dry and rainy periods, between 2017 and 2019. The results were compared with the standards established by CONAMA Resolution No. 357/ 2005, with descriptive statistical analysis, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), with Tukey's test (5%) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with determination of the correlation matrix, eigenvectors and eigenvalues. The environmental physical assessment was carried out according to the application of the Riparian, Channel and Environmental Inventory (RCE) and temporal analysis of land use and occupation in the years 2010 and 2019. The RCE applications revealed that, among the studied area, the SAF 2010 presented the best environmental integrity, which was classified as “good”. The SPas and SAF 2014 had the environmental integrity classified as "poor", resulting from the condition of almost non-existent riparian vegetation, thus corroborating with the temporal analysis of land use and occupation, which indicated the importance of riparian forest for the protection of streams. The comparison of water quality results, showed disagreement in the five systems studied, and the dissolved oxygen (DO) was the parameter that showed disagreement results, except in SPas. The presence of Escherichia coli, which indicates contamination of fecal origin, was observed in all systems, indicating an alarming situation in the SMCN, that the use of water for irrigation of vegetables. Through the PCA, it was possible to identify aspects of water quality degradation, mainly through the contribution of Total Nitrogen (Total N) and Total Phosphorus (Total P) in SAF 2012, as a consequence of land use for agricultural and cattle activities, as well that the high concentrations of total N in the SMCN, are related with the access of the cattle to the streams. Thus, the tools used were able to identify the positive effects of the five systems studied, but, aspects of degradation in the quality of the water and in the physical environmental attributesis a consequence of the agricultural and livestock activities that characterize the five systems.
Educação sexual nos projetos políticos pedagógicos de escolas especiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Colombo, Isabella Mota; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5473505785839922
The present study deals with Sex Education offered to students with disabilities enrolled in special schools. Due to the myths and taboos surrounding the sexuality of people with disabilities, such as the belief that they are asexual or hypersexed, the Sexual Education offered to this public is done in a superficial and inadequate way. Thus, this study has the general objective of investigating whether Sexual Education is part of the Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) of special schools. And for specific purposes: (a) to analyze how Sexual Education is present in the PPP of special schools; (b) describe how Sex Education is approached with students with disabilities in a specialized school context; (c) to verify which professionals are involved in the teaching of Sexual Education to students and (d) to investigate with which students the themes involving Sexual Education are worked on. Given the above, the study has a qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive design, also based on document analysis. Data collection took place on the premises of four Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, located in small and medium-sized cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Three school directors and a pedagogical coordinator participated in the study, who made up the group of managers of the special schools in the study and four psychologists, who were part of the group of professionals who approach Sexual Education with students. As for the data collection procedures, the Pedagogical Political Project and/or other document concerning the pedagogical practice of the participating special schools were read and analyzed; semi-structured interviews were also carried out with the participants of the group of managers of the study individually, as well as with the participants of the study who composed the group of professionals who approach Sexual Education with students. Data were analyzed in light of content analysis. As a result, it was identified that Sex Education is present in the documents analyzed in a superficial way, that in special schools it is professionals in the field of psychology who work with Sex Education, that all participants had difficulties in conceptualizing what Sex Education is. and that the work done in this regard in the institutions studied is primarily with a view to the biological and physiological area; leaving in the background the social, political and historical approaches of Sex Education. It is concluded that there is an urgent need for initial and continuous training of professionals who work in a school environment to deal with Sexual Education, as well as for this issue to be approached in a transversal way.
Discursos, mídias e disputas: o caso do “Movimento Estudantil Secundarista” (2015-2016)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Silva, Mariana Morales da; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4844703751573864
Esta tesis doctoral afiliada al Análisis del Discurso de base francesa busca comprender la compleja disputa discursiva sobre un acontecimiento histórico en la época contemporánea, o en la llamada era digital. Históricamente, los medios de comunicación tradicionales (FIORIN, 2014; MAINGUENEAU, 2013; CHARAUDEAU, 2019; BARROS FILHO; PRAÇA, 2014; ALBUQUERQUE, 2014; BORELLI; PREIRA, 2014; FAUSTO NETO, 2014; SILVA, 2014), por el poder de disputar la opinión pública han ejercido una gran influencia sobre los acontecimientos discursivos. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, con el adviento de la web 2.0, los medios digitales (CASTELLS, 2002; RECUERO, 2014; PAVEAU, 2021) han instaurado nuevos modos de participación (PAVEAU; LOURENÇO; BARONAS, 2021) y, en consecuencia a esto, nuevos actores entran en la disputa por el decir. Sujetos individuales y colectivos encuentran en las redes sociales digitales, otros espacios para decir y disputar sintagmas, significados, imaginarios, actuando así en la construcción, actualización, reformulación y resignificación de un acontecimiento. El presente estudio se interesa por la disputa ideológico-discursiva sobre el acontecimiento histórico y discursivo de las ocupaciones de escuelas en São Paulo en el contexto del movimiento estudiantil de la secundaria (ORTELLADO, 2016; CAMPOS; MEDEIROS; RIBEIRO, 2016; GOHN, 2017; ANJOS; TELLES, 2019; ; MAIA; TELLES, 2018) cuando dicho movimiento se planta en contra el plan de reorganización de las escuelas de la provincia de São Paulo, propuesto por el gobierno de Geraldo Alckmin (PIOLLI, PEREIRA y MESKO, 2016). Debido a la polémica discursiva establecida en dicho contexto, la acción del movimiento es discursivizada como ocupación, o como invasión según diferentes actores sociales (EZEQUIEL, 2019; ALTHEMAN, 2017; MENEZES; GOMES, 2016; VIZIBELI, 2016). En este sentido, el estudio se construye alrededor a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: cómo la relación del movimiento estudiantil de secundaria de 2015-2016 con el espacio digital le permitió la construcción de un discurso sobre las ocupaciones escolares y protestas callejeras en una co-construcción (muchas veces tensionadas) con los medios tradicionales de comunicación? La investigación tiene, por tanto, el objetivo general de comprender cómo tanto los discursos de los medios tradicionales como los discursos del movimiento estudiantil de la secundaria se organizan en los medios digitales en una relación de afectación mutua. En este sentido, no se trata de un estudio comparativo, sino de un estudio que apunta a la perspectiva relacional e interaccional de los discursos. Para ello, se recopilaron materias periodisticas sobre las ocupaciones y el desempeño del movimiento en el periódico Folha de S. Paulo –considerado en esta investigación, como representante de los médios tradicionales de comunicación, en el recorte temporal de octubre de 2015 a enero de 2016, así como también páginas y publicaciones del movimiento en la red social digital Facebook, basadas principalmente en aportes sobre la polémica en Amossy (2017) y en Maingueneau (2005). El estudio plantea la hipótesis de que el movimiento se inscribe en las redes sociales digitales en fuerte relación con el espacio urbano, disputando el lugar discursivo de los periodistas de las ocupaciones, en respuesta al discurso e imaginario construido por los medios de comunicación tradicionales, que a su vez, se tensiona por los discursos del movimiento. A través de la investigación, se verifica que si bien los medios tradicionales de comunicación reformulan su discurso, pasando al uso exclusivo del término “ocupación” en sus matérias periodísticas, lo hacen en el sentido de interincomprensión reglada (MAINGUENEAU, 2005), vaciando los sentidos reivindicados y actualizados por el movimiento. De esta forma, el estudio concluye que el discurso digital del movimiento se construye a partir de la co-construcción tensa y disruptiva con el discurso de los medios tradicionales, lo que lleva a la tensión y disputa, (des)cristalización, actualización y reformulación de narrativas sobre acontecimientos discursivos y, por lo tanto, construye otra memoria para el movimiento estudiantil.
Paralelização híbrida do algoritmo Black Hole em um system on chip
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Akamatu, Saulo; Pedrino, Emerson Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3269793904422499
Black Hole (BH) is a bioinspired metaheuristic algorithm based on the theory of relativity in which a sufficiently compact mass can deform the space-time to form a black hole, where no particles or electromagnetic radiation can escape from it. Thus, such an approach is based on the concept of a population of individuals (stars) representing solutions for a given computational problem to be optimized. In the literature, such an approach has been used to solve clustering problems, among others, since it is parameterfree and simple to implement. In this work, due to such characteristics, a hybrid solution, in software/hardware, of parallelization of the BH algorithm is proposed, aiming at accelerating its processing in hardware through a methodology that allows any user, even a non-expert, implement hardware accelerators, for optimization problems, among others, through a high level tool. A SoC platform (Pynq) was used for this implementation, containing a Zynq chip from Xilinx, which has two ARM cores and an FPGA. The BH Algorithm was implemented in software first and then in hardware for runtime comparison purposes to validate this approach. Also, in this work, simpler and more popular optimization algorithms, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), and Big Bang - Big Crunch (BB-BC), along with simpler databases, were used for comparison purposes, due to its ease of implementation and to keep a fairer comparison with BH as realized in other works in the literature. Therefore, the results obtained were satisfactory in terms of execution time and quality, with an average speedup of 25 times compared to the same implementation in software.
Análise da resistência ao cisalhamento paralelo às fibras da madeira de acordo com a inclinação dos anéis de crescimento na seção transversal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Rodrigues, Edson Fernando Castanheira; Araujo, Victor Almeida de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7419315199923119; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5228803096015205
The shear strength parallel to the fibers (fv0) is quite important, so that it can be verified in the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) of connections (simple shear) and in bending and sheared beams (transverse shear). Wood is an orthotropic material, however the ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) standard does not consider any difference in fv0 changing the loading direction in terms of growth ring arrangements. So, this work assesses whether there is a statistical difference between the mean fv0 results when the load is applied in the tangential (Tan) and radial (Rad) directions of specimens’ cross-section of twelve species of the hardwood group. The findings are explained through the anatomy of these wood species. The protocols of ABNT NBR 7190 (1997) are considered to obtain fv0 in a plane tangential to the growth rings (240 tests) and in the radial orientation (240 tests) of the section, in addition to their characteristic values (fv0,k). Moreover, 240 samples were used in each test of moisture content, apparent density and compression parallel to the fibers. The latter is important to obtain the characteristic value (fc0,k) and classify mechanically the species, while the moisture content test and apparent density were essential because it is a hygroscopic material. Regarding the fv0 values, these were analyzed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level, while the Anderson Darling (AD) and multiple comparisons (MC) tests were performed for the ANOVA validation. Regarding the results found out, the apparent density values ranged from 437 Kg/m3 for Simarouba amara (Caixeta) to 1013.00 Kg/m3 for Peltogyne spp. (Roxinho), while the average compressive strength ranged from 32 MPa for Caixeta to 93.72 MPa for Hymenaea stilbocarpa (Jatobá). In relation to the mean parallel shear strength values, only the species of Hymenolobium petraeum (Angelim-pedra), Erisma uncinatum (Cambará-rosa) and Couratari sp. (Tauari) exhibited statistically different values when the load application plane was changed, reaching ratios between the tangential longitudinal (LT) and radial longitudinal (LR) planes (fv0,T/fv0,R) equal to: 0.50, 1.39 and 0.90, along with their ratios for characteristic values of 0.33, 1.65 and 0.85, respectively. Thus, it was identified that when the species exhibit thick fiber walls/thin lumen and abundance of axial parenchyma, the weakest strength direction was the parallel to its growth rings (Angelim-pedra and Tauari), on the other hand, when it presents fibers with thin walls/thick lumen, even exhibiting abundance of axial parenchyma, the lower strength direction turns to be the perpendicular/radial one (Cambará-rosa). It was also found that except for the species of Angelim-pedra, which presented in its tangential direction a characteristic shear strength parallel to the fibers (fv0,k) equivalent to 10% of the characteristic strength in parallel compression (fc0,k), the other species and directions analyzed never presented fv0,k less than 22% of the value of fc0,k, evidencing a conservative standard in prescribing that fv0,k/fc0,k is equal to 0.12 (12%) for all hardwood species. Lastly, it was identified a tendency of the brazilian standard to present considerably underestimated fv0 values in comparison to this and even other works, so that in the worst case, the Cambará-rosa species reaches a value of fv0 in its LT plane (fv0,T) equivalent to 238% of that determined by ABNT NBR 7190 (1997).
O impacto da presença de sistemas de cromossomos sexuais múltiplos na diferenciação genética: a família Erythrinidae (Teleostei, Characiformes) como modelo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Souza, Fernando Henrique Santos de; Perez, Manolo Fernandez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0179487334009838; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7728795295549195
The biodiversity of the Neotropics remains poorly understood, and although allopatry is one of the main factors that promote speciation, chromosomal rearrangements and the evolution of sex chromosomes can also play important roles. Chromosomal rearrangements involving sex chromosomes have the potential to reduce introgression events and facilitate reproductive isolation. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the influence of allopatry, chromosomal rearrangements and the presence of multiple sex chromosome systems on the genetic diversification of the Neotropical fish species Hoplias malabaricus and Erythrinus erythrinus through cytogenetic and genomic analyses. We analyzed sympatric and allopatric populations that differ by i) chromosomal characteristics (named karyomorphs), ii) sympatric versus allopatric distributions, and iii) presence and absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Altogether, 10 localities of H. malabaricus were analyzed that presented six distinct karyomorphs and three localities of E. erythrinus with two distinct karyomorphs. The different karyomorphs showed variations both in the number of chromosomes and in the presence or absence of multiple sex chromosome systems. The results indicated that although karyomorphs represent genetically divergent groups, they can be better understood when analyzed in conjunction with their geographic distribution and environmental conditions. The multiple X1X2Y sex chromosome system, present in one of the karyomorphs of both species, was associated with greater interpopulation genetic differentiation compared to the effect of allopatry. For H. malabaricus, the presence of such a multiple system may have contributed to levels of genetic differentiation between karyomorphs A and D in syntopy equivalent to the levels of differentiation of allopatric populations of karyomorph A. In general, the results for both species suggest that the presence of neo sex chromosome systems may have contributed to the emergence and fixation of interpopulational differences, which may have contributed significantly to the emergence and fixation of reproductive isolation. Thus, one of the hypotheses is that the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements, especially those related to sex chromosomes, may have accelerated the speciation process for these species and amplified the differentiation resulting from allopatry.
Caracterização dos indivíduos com dor cervical crônica e eficácia da terapia por fotobiomodulação e estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-02-24) Rampazo da Silva, Érika Patrícia; Liebano, Richard Eloin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397951221512127; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0784752361438422
Non-specific chronic neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder that is associated with functional disability and decrease of quality of life. Hence, it becomes relevant that studies are carried out in order to deepen the knowledge of this dysfunction, such as central sensitization and psychosocial factors and to investigate the effectiveness of electrophysical agents as treatment. Therefore, it was performed an observational study with the objective of verifying the presence of central sensitization, psychosocial factors, and range of motion between individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain and healthy control. In addition, another objective was to verify if there is a correlation between pain intensity, neck disability and psychosocial factors in individuals with neck pain. Thirty individuals with chronic neck pain and 30 healthy controls were included. Outcomes: central sensitization (pressure pain threshold, temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation), psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life), and active cervical range of motion. Individuals with neck pain had lower local pressure pain threshold, a decrease in conditioned pain modulation, more depressive symptoms, greater pain catastrophizing, lower quality of life and reduced range of motion for neck rotation when compared to healthy controls (p < 0,05). In addition, moderate correlations were observed between pain intensity, neck disability and psychosocial factors. A randomized clinical trial was performed with the objective of investigating the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to relieve pain, both isolated and combined in individuals with neck pain. 144 non-specific chronic neck pain individuals were randomized in 4 groups: PBM+TENS, PBM, TENS e Placebo. First, the individuals were treated with PBM (active or placebo), and then, TENS (active or placebo) during 10 sessions (5x/week). Primary outcome: pain intensity at rest after 10 sessions of treatment. Secondary outcomes: central sensitization, range of motion, psychosocial factors, medications intake and global perceived effect. Outcome measures were collected before and after treatment (10 sessions). Pain intensity and global perceived effect were also evaluated in the follow-up of one month after the end of the treatment. In conclusion, there was no significant difference between groups regarding pain intensity at rest. However, PBM+TENS improved pain intensity during movement, local hyperalgesia, and global perceived effect compared to PBM and placebo. Isolated TENS reduced local and distant hyperalgesia.